Effects of seed crop husbandry, seed source, seed tuber weight and seed rate on the growth of ware potato crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Seed Crops

SUMMARYThe results of 20 experiments which compared seed from July-planted crops with seed from earlier planted (April-May) crops either grown locally or from certified seed-producing areas are reported. The effects of dates of planting and harvesting of late-planted seed crops and seed storage temperature were examined in eight experiments. In five experiments, the effect of seed rate was studied on two weights of seed-tubers in the July-planted crops.Tubers of several cultivars from the July-planted crops ended their dormancy close to the normal planting time of ware crops, 2–4 months later than tubers from spring-planted crops grown either locally or in areas certified for seed production. Tubers from seed crops planted in July produced fewer mainstems in ware crops than tubers from spring-planted crops, but effects on stem density were usually too small to have any significant effect on foliar ground cover and consequently on tuber yield. Date of planting the seed crops in July and date of harvest of the seed-tubers had no effect on sprout or ware crop growth in Record or Wilja. Ware tuber yields were similar for the different seed sources in 12 out of 15 experiments, suggesting little difference in the performance of tubers from seed crops planted early and late in the season.At equivalent seed rates, small seed-tubers (12·5 ± 2·5 g) from July-planted seed crops usually produced more stems and tubers and greater ware yields than larger tubers (37·5 ± 2·5 g). For the smaller seed, the results suggested optimum seed rates for ware tuber yields of c. 0·88, 0·88 and 0·59 t/ha for Wilja, Record and Saturna, respectively. These are substantially lower than those currently used in the UK. For the larger seed, rates of c. 2·64, 2·64 and 1·76 t/ha were adequate for Wilja, Record and Saturna, respectively.

Effects of date of planting, date of harvesting and seed rate on yield of seed potato crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Potato Crops

SUMMARYFourteen experiments which studied effects of date of planting in July, date of harvesting and seed rate on seed tuber yields (10–51 mm) of several potato varieties were carried out in four seasons in East Anglia. Seed tuber yields of c. 30 t/ha in Estima, Wilja and Maris Piper and 20 t/ha in Record were produced from the early planting and in all varieties c. 20 t/ha were produced from planting in late July. For maximum seed yield in all varieties, seed rates of 1·5–2 t/ha were sufficient for most harvests from both dates of planting but for the earliest harvest of the late-July planting, seed rates of only 1–1·5 t/ha were required. The value of seed crops was assessed as the number of ware hectares that could be replanted from the seed yield of one hectare graded 10–51 mm. In all varieties, the number of seed-size tubers and replantable hectares increased with increasing seed rate over most of the range, but numbers were close to the maximum at the early harvests. With delay in harvesting, the number of seed tubers and replantable hectares decreased in many experiments, especially from low seed rates, as more tubers exceeded the upper seed size limit. Maximum numbers of replantable hectares of 15, 15, 20 and 25 were found in Record, Estima, Wilja and Maris Piper, respectively.The monetary value of seed crops of Record and Maris Piper was calculated using (i) a fixed price per tonne of seed and (ii) cost of seed per replantable ware hectare. Sale values from the latter were substantially higher than from the former at early harvests in Record and at all harvests in Maris Piper. In Record, differences in sale value between the two pricing methods decreased with delay in harvesting as yields increased while number of replantable hectares varied little. The results showed that high multiplication rates and monetary returns can be obtained from short-season seed potato crops which may follow crops harvested earlier in the same season. The implications for potato production in the UK are discussed.

Effects of physiological age of seed tubers on seed yield and regrowth of progeny tubers in potatoes

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
J. L. Jones ◽  
E. J. Allen ◽  
G. S. M. Raouf
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Seed Crops

SummaryFour experiments are reported in which the effects of a range of physiological ages of seed tubers on growth and yield in seed crops and regrowth of the progeny seed were studied. Increasing the age of seed in Home Guard, Arran Comet, Pentland Javelin and Désirée advanced emergence, tuber initiation and early growth but restricted leaf area index and reduced the number of tubers and seed tuber yield. In these varieties increasing the physiological age of seed shortened the dormancy of the progeny seed and slightly increased sprout lengths at replanting but in Home Guard had no effects on field growth and tuber yield.In a further series of experiments at Tenby seed of five varieties (Home Guard, Red Craigs Royal, Désirée, Maris Piper and Stormont Enterprise) was multiplied over 2 years using husbandry methods designed to produce seed of contrasting ages. Once-grown seed from Tenby which had been planted and harvested early in the season was stored at either 4 or 12 °C and grown again at Tenby before being stored again at either 4 or 12 °C. The seed resulting from this multiplication over 2 years was compared with seed imported from seed-growing areas stored at the two temperatures. The seasons for the two multiplications at Tenby (1975 and 1976) were hot and were followed by an especially cold and late spring yet few differences between seed from Tenby and other areas could be detected. Where seed from different areas entered sprouting temperatures at different times and therefore produced different ages of seed at replanting large effects on yield were found. Storage temperature had large effects on regrowth of tubers in Home Guard, Red Craigs Royal and Stormont Enterprise for storage at 12 °C produced ‘little potato disorder’ in the majority of plants in one storage phase while storage at lower temperature produced full plant stands and yields. The results provided no support for the suggestion that repeated multiplication in warm lowland areas may lead to cumulative deterioration in the performance of seed.

Determination of optimum tuber planting density in the potato varieties Pentland Squire, Cara, Estima, Maris Piper and King Edward

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
J. R. Fellows ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Cost

SummaryThirty-two experiments examining the effects of the weight and within-row spacing of potato seed tubers on graded tuber yields of five varieties were conducted on eight sites from 1980 to 1985. A complex analysis technique was used to combine these data and estimate the optimum tuber planting densities for different ratios of seed cost to small (40–60 mm) and large (60–80 mm) ware value. The same technique could be applied to any other combination of seed cost, ware size and ware value.The optimum tuber planting density decreased with increasing seed-tuber weight. Differences in optimum planting density between varieties were much greater with small (35 g) than with large (105 g) seed tubers and decreased as the cost of seed increased relative to the value of ware. As large ware became worth more than small ware the influence of increasing seed cost on the optimum density was reduced. As the value of large ware increased, net returns increased and the effect of seed cost on net returns was reduced. Mean tuber size decreased with increasing stem density at harvest and at the same stem density was lower in varieties producing more daughter tubers/stem. Changes of mean tuber size (μ) and the spread of yield across size grades (σ) with time were well described by parallel curves in different varieties. It is suggested that in future it may not be necessary to determine optimum tuber planting densities by complex experiments involving several seed-tuber weights and spacings. Instead μ and σ could be estimated from simple experiments and tuber spacings determined by comparison with control varieties.

Determination of optimum tuber planting density for production of tubers in processing ware grades in the potato variety Record

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
J. R. Fellows ◽  
R. A. Sutherland ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Seed Tuber Weight

SUMMARYA series of experiments examining the influences of size and spacing of planted potato tubers (‘seed’ tubers) on tuber yields was conducted at four sites in the UK in 1982–84. A new approach to data analysis was used to estimate the optimum tuber planting density for different ware grades. The optimum density, which maximized returns, decreased with increasing seed tuber weight and ratio of seed-tuber cost to ware value and with lower than average total tuber yields. Changing the required ware grade from 40–65 mm to 40–80 mm had a minimal effect on the optimum tuber planting density.Optimum tuber planting densities were lower than in published recommendations but this disparity appeared to be accounted for by differences in the number of stems produced by each planted tuber. There was some evidence that, with lower seed-tuber weights, the optimum planting density differed with site and that at optimum economic densities small and medium seed tubers outyielded large seed tubers.

Some factors affecting the expression of the physiological age of potato seed tubers

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Gillison ◽  
P. D. Jenkins ◽  
J. D. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Number Of Stems

SummaryTwo experiments, each involving five potato cultivars, investigated the effects of date of planting and harvesting of the seed crop, and of two seed storage temperature sequences, on date of dormancy break, sprout growth and subsequent field growth. The seed storage sequences in each case involved early or late accumulation of temperature to produce a physiological age of 600 day-degrees > 4 °C.The effects of seed crop husbandry on most variables were small, with the exception of date of dormancy break, which occurred earliest when the seed crop was planted and harvested early. Effects of temperature sequence were more pronounced, although cultivars differed significantly in degree of response. Late temperature accumulation gave a larger number of sprouts per tuber, the length of the longest sprout was increased, as was the total sprout length per tuber. Emergence was more rapid, ground cover was initially greater and the number of mainstems per plant was greater with late temperature accumulation. Secondary stem production was more prolific and the total number of stems per plant greater when temperature accumulation was early. The number of tubers per plant reflected the total number of stems, and individual tuber size generally decreased as numbers increased, with the result that storage temperature treatment affected graded yields in some varieties.The field growth of the crops from the late temperature accumulation treatment was in many ways suggestive of greater physiological age than the early temperature accumulation treatment, although the number of day-degrees accumulated was the same in each case. It is possible that the number of day-degrees underestimates physiological age as the period of accumulation is delayed.

scholarly journals Potato yield and quality as a function of the plant density

1975 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Eero Varis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Number Of Stems

The effects of potato plant density on yield quantity and quality were investigated at the Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute from 1971-73, using seed rates of 1600, 3200 and 4800 kg/ha, and seed sizes of 40, 80 and 120 g. The varieties used were Ijsselster and Record. The number of stems per m2 rose with increasing seed rate and with increasing seed size. Stem number increased with seed rate faster for small seed than for large. The response in stem number was greater for Ijsselster than for Record. The number of stems per seed tuber fell as the plant density rose. The number of tubers per m2 altered in the same direction as the number of stems, but less responsively. The reason for this was that the number of tubers per stem decreased with increasing plant density. The tuber yield showed a continual increase with increasing plant density. At the lowest stem densities (less than 20—25 stems/m2) small seed gave better results than other sizes, but at the higher plant densities, the importance of seed size faded away and the yield was dependant on the plant density alone. Net yield (gross yield 2 x seed rate), however, was higher the smaller the seed used, whatever the stem density. Tuber size decreased when plant density increased, the proportion of large tubers diminishing most, especially when small seed was used. The proportion of small tubers altered more for Ijsselster than for Record. Seed size and seed rate did not on average significantly affect the proportion of Class I potatoes, though small seed gave results slightly better than other sizes. The starch content of the yield rose when the seed rate was increased (16.0-16.3 -16.5 %) and fell with increasing seed size (16.5 16.2 16.1 %). The maximum variation was 15.8-16.7 %. The specific gravity distribution improved with increasing plant density. Raw discolouration of the tubers did not alter significantly as the plant density rose. Blackening of the tubers decreased with increasing plant density when small and medium sized seed were used. Mealiness of the tubers was somewhat higher for small seed than for other seed sizes.

An evaluation of small seed for ware-potato production

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Allen ◽  
P. J. O'Brien ◽  
D. Firman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

SUMMARYSixteen experiments over six seasons (1981–87) compared the growth and yield of up to 16 seed-tuber weights, ranging from 1–5 to 110–120 g, in one second-early and four maincrop varieties. Four of the experiments (1986–87) examined effects in seed tubers from seed crops planted in July; the remaining experiments used seed from crops planted at the normal time, April–May. Effects were similar for seed from the different planting dates. Plants from seed < 5 g (and occasionally up to 15 g) emerged slightly later and produced a smaller crop canopy that those from larger seed. The later emergence from the smallest seed was a consequence of a slower rate of sprout elongation. There were no effects of seed weight above 15 g on stem emergence or growth of the canopy. In 1982, a severe frost completely defoliated all plants in four experiments but within 2 weeks complete plant emergence was re-achieved from all seed weights except the smallest (1–5 g). The results suggest few differences between seed weights > 5 or 10 g in emergence from similar depths of planting or in recovery from frost damage.Tuber yields were little affected by seed weight > 5 or 10 g, even at constant within-row spacings. Consequently, seed rates from 0·59 to 5·4 t/ha produced similar yields and the results suggest considerable economic benefits and potential for using seed tubers of much smaller weight than may be sold under current legislation. The use of small seed tubers from late-planted crops may result in further economies in production costs and reduction in disease in seed tubers.

Storage of primed pelleted sugar beet seed with minimal loss of seed vigour and active ingredients

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Martijn van Overveld ◽  
Martijn Leijdekkers ◽  
Noud van Swaaij
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
Storage Methods

Different seed storage methods, varying in storage temperature, moisture and/or oxygen content, were applied to commercial sugar beet seed lots from four breeding companies. After storage for 10–11 months, germination of the seed was tested in the laboratory (cold test, 10°C). In addition, the contents of active ingredients (fungicides and insecticide) were analyzed and compared with the initial contents before storage. Based on these results, a selection of the most promising storage methods was made to test plant emergence in a field experiment. This research was performed in 2015/16 and in 2016/17. In both years, two storage treatments outperformed the others: these were storage in a closed jar with the addition of moisture absorber (i.e. silica gel) at room temperature and storage at –18°C in a closed plastic bag. Using these two storage methods, seed vigour and contents of active ingredients were comparable to those in seed that had not been stored for one year. Based on the results from this study, the advice to growers for a successful storage of residual sugar beet seed was adjusted in 2017, after including some practical guidelines and considerations.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND SEED TUBER BUD POSITION ON SHOOT EMERGENCE OF THE POTATO CULTIVARS JEMSEG AND CONESTOGA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. McKEOWN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Solatium Tuberosum ◽  
Delayed Emergence ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Bud Position ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Cut Seed

Shoots of the early-maturing potato (Solatium tuberosum L.) cultivar Jemseg often do not emerge uniformly when cut seed pieces are planted in cold soil. Under controlled temperatures of 10, 15 and 20 °C, shoots from whole tubers and basal portions of Jemseg tubers emerged later than those from apical portions of seed tubers. The delayed emergence of the basal portion was most pronounced at low temperatures and ranged from 5 to 17 d. Emergence from basal vs. apical portions of Conestoga was delayed by 10 d at 10 °C and by 4 d at 15 °C, only when seed tubers with a single dominant apical sprout were used. There was no delay at 20 °C. The variable time to emergence of shoots in the field can be explained by delayed emergence from basal buds on cut seed pieces.Key words: Potato, cultivars, emergence, bud position, temperature, seed tuber

Seed storage behaviour of four Sahelian and Sudanian tree species (Boscia senegalensis, Butyrospermum parkii, Cordyla pinnata and Saba senegalensis)

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Danthu ◽  
A. Guèye ◽  
A. Boye ◽  
D. Bauwens ◽  
A. Sarr
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Recalcitrant Seed ◽  
Butyrospermum Parkii ◽  
Boscia Senegalensis ◽  
Saba Senegalensis ◽  
Sudanian Zone

AbstractSeeds of four African tree species from the Sahelian zone (Boscia senegalensis) and the Sudanian zone (Butyrospermum parkii, Cordyla pinnata and Saba senegalensis) lose viability after moisture contents drop below 22 and 30%, depending on the species. Seed longevity in wet and airtight storage does not exceed a few months. Temperatures close to zero elicit symptoms of chilling injury leading to rapid seed death. The optimum storage temperature is 15°C. These results allow the four species to be classified as recalcitrant seed species. Boscia senegalensis is therefore an exception in arid zones where most species have orthodox seeds.

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