scholarly journals Carbohydrate remobilization from storage root to leaves after a stress release in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.): experimental and modelling approaches

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. LAUNAY ◽  
A.-I. GRAUX ◽  
N. BRISSON ◽  
M. GUERIF
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Stress Release ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Modelling Approaches

SUMMARYCarbohydrate remobilization from the sugar beet storage root to support leaf regrowth after release from water stress was demonstrated by experimental and modelling approaches. Experimental trials were carried out in northern France in 1994 and 1995 and in southern France in 2005, in conditions that involved a succession of soil moisture stresses and re-hydrations. Drought stress slowed leaf growth and the subsequent release of stress resulted in regrowth. A second trial showed that after total defoliation, sugar beet was able to produce new leaves. It was assumed that this leaf renewal, observed at drought stress release or after defoliation, relied on the possibility of remobilizing carbohydrates from storage roots to above-ground organs. This assumption was tested through a heuristic modelling approach, involving the STICS crop model and its existing sub-model on remobilization. The relevance of these formalizations for sugar beet was tested on the experimental data to validate the plant behaviour concerning remobilization. The model succeeded in reproducing leaf area index (LAI) dynamic trends and particularly leaf re-growth after drought stress release or defoliation, despite an over-estimation of the drought stress effect involving an inaccurate simulation of the changes in LAI. Nevertheless, the model's ability to forecast accurately above-ground and storage root dry weight, as well as trends in LAI dynamics, showed that the assumptions made about remobilization were able to explain sugar beet behaviour.

scholarly journals GROWTH ANALYSIS OF A SWEETPOTATO CULTIVAR GROWN IN AN NFT SYSTEM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 731c-731
Author(s):  
Pauline P. David ◽  
Audrey A. Trotman ◽  
Desmond G. Mortley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total Plant

One of the major objective of growth analysis data is to provide a basic understanding of some of the mechanisms that affect plant growth. This study was initiated to evaluate the effects on several growth parameters when plants are grown in an NFT system. Vine cuttings (15 cm length) of the sweetpotato cultivar ``Georgia Jet” was grown in a closed NFT system for a period of 120 days. Nutrient was supplied in a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution with a N:K ratio of 1:2.4. Destructive harvesting of plants occurred at 14 day intervals at which time plants were separated into their various component parts and analyzed for dry weight accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Results showed dry weight distribution within the plant had a linear response for all component part evaluated. Greatest contributors to total plant dry weight was stem followed by leaves, fibrous roots, buds and flowers. However, once storage root production occurred it contributed the largest percentage to total plant dry weight. LAI was optimum at 80 days after planting (DAP) while CGR and RGR fluctuated throughout the growing season. Initially NAR was higher in foliage than storage roots but declined once storage root enlargement began, suggesting a translocation of assimilates to storage root.

scholarly journals The Impact of Seasonal Environments in a Tropical Savanna Climate on Forking, Leaf Area Index, and Biomass of Cassava Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanupong Phoncharoen ◽  
Poramate Banterng ◽  
Nimitr Vorasoot ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Information on the forking, leaf area index, and biomass of cassava for different growing seasons could help design appropriate management to improve yield. The objective was to evaluate the forking date, leaf growth, and storage root yield of different cassava genotypes grown at different planting dates. Four cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, and CMR38–125–77) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cassava genotypes were planted on 20 April, 25 May, 30 June, 5 October, 10 November, and 15 December 2015, and 19 May and 3 November 2016. The soil properties prior to the planting, forking date, leaf area index (LAI), dry weights, harvest index (HI), starch content, and weather data were recorded. The forking date patterns for all of the growing seasons varied depending on the cassava genotypes. The weather caused occurring in the first forking for the Rayong 11 and CMR38–125–77 and the second forking for Rayong 11, but not for Kasetsart 50. The forking CMR38–125–77 had a higher LAI, leaf dry weight, biomass, and storage root dry weight than the non-forking Rayong 9. The higher storage root yields in Rayong 9 compared with Rayong 11 were due to an increased partitioning of the storage roots.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF OF SWEETPOTATO GROWN IN NFT TO DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 665f-665
Author(s):  
D. G. Mortley ◽  
C. K. Bonsi ◽  
W. A. Hill ◽  
P. A. Loretan ◽  
C. E. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
And Storage

Growth chamber studies were conducted to determine growth responses of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) to differing photoperiods (PP) when grown by use of NFT. Four vine cuttings (15 cm length) of GA Jet and TI-155 were grown for 120 days at 12/12, 15/9, 18/6, and 21/3 light/dark PP. Irradiance averaged 427 umol m-2 s-1, with day/night temperatures of 28/22C and 70% RH. A modified half Hoagland's solution was used. Number of storage roots/plant, and storage root fresh and dry weights for GA Jet increased as PP increased from 12 to 21 h, while storage root fresh and dry weights for TI-155 increased up to 18 h PP but declined at 21 h PP. Storage root number/plant for TI-155 declined at 15 h PP but was higher at both 18 and 21 h PP. Highest foliage dry weight for GA Jet was obtained at 21 h PP while that for TI-155 was obtained at 18 h PP. Leaf area index (LAI) for GA Jet increased with increased PP, while LAI for TI-155 increased with increased PP up to 18 h then declined at 21 h PP.

Physiological determinants of storage root yield in three cassava genotypes under different nitrogen supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PHUNTUPAN ◽  
P. BANTERNG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Root Dry Weight

SUMMARYPhysiological traits can be used to improve the efficiency of selecting suitable genotypes to grow under nitrogen (N) limitation. The objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between physiological characteristics and storage root yield of three cassava genotypes under three rates of N fertilizer. The experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at farm fields in Thailand. A split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Three different rates of N fertilizer, i.e., 46·9, 90·0 and 133·2 kg N/ha and three cassava genotypes, Rayong 9, Rayong 11 and Kasetsart 50, were used. Kasetsart 50 had the highest mean performance for most crop traits. Growth rate of stem (SGR), storage root (SRGR) and crop (CGR) during 180–210 days after planting (DAP) and leaf area index (LAI) at 120 DAP were related to storage root dry weight for all three rates of N fertilizer. Storage root growth during 90–120 DAP, CGR during 180–210 DAP and specific leaf area (SLA) at 210 DAP contributed most to storage root dry weight of the three genotypes grown at 46·9 kg N/ha, while the combination of SRGR during 90–120 DAP, SRGR during 180–210 DAP, LAI at 210 DAP and SLA at 210 DAP was best for N fertilizer at 90·0 kg N/ha and the combination of leaf growth rate (LGR) during 180–210 DAP and LAI at 210 DAP was best for N fertilizer at 133·2 kg N/ha.

Pronamide Effects on Physiology and Yield of Sugar Beet

Weed Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Kadoglidou ◽  
Chrysovalantis Malkoyannidis ◽  
Kalliopi Radoglou ◽  
Ilias Eleftherohorinos ◽  
Helen-Isis A. Constantinidou
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Yield

Field experiments were conducted in northern Greece during 2001 and repeated in 2002 and 2004 to evaluate the effects of pronamide on sugar beet. Total leaf area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf and root dry weights, photosynthetic yield (quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in photosystem II), chlorotic index, and yield components of sugar beet were monitored after pronamide application. Three sugar beet cultivars, ‘Avantage’, ‘Dorothea’, and ‘Bianca’, requiring short, intermediate, and long vegetative periods, respectively, were subjected to treatment. Pronamide was applied on sugar beet either as a double application of 0.63 kg ai ha−1at the two- to four-leaf and 0.63 kg ai ha−1at the four- to six-leaf stage or as a single application of 1.26 kg ai ha−1performed at the latter leaf stage. Both application procedures were combined with a split application of phenmedipham at 0.04 kg ai ha−1plus desmedipham at 0.04 kg ai ha−1plus metamitron at 0.70 kg ai ha−1plus ethofumesate at 0.10 kg ai ha−1plus mineral oil at 0.50 L ha−1applied POST at the cotyledon–to–two-leaf as well as at the four-leaf growth stages. Pronamide (both single and double application) initially caused chlorosis and reduction of sugar beet growth. LAI and photosynthetic yield were also significantly affected for a 2-mo period following the final application, after which the negative effects caused by pronamide were ameliorated. At harvest, sugar beet root and sugar yield, sucrose, K+, Na+, and N-amino acid concentrations were not affected by the herbicide treatments compared with those produced in weed-free and herbicide-free plots, indicating that all cultivars managed to overcome the transient pronamide stress. Regarding sugar beet cultivars, root and sugar yield of Avantage and Dorothea at harvest were higher than that of Bianca, whereas sucrose concentration of Avantage was the lowest. There was not an apparent relationship between the order of sugar yield per cultivar (Dorothea > Avantage > Bianca) and the length of the vegetative period (Avantage < Dorothea < Bianca).

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Spacing on Vegetative Growth of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Baha Eldin. M. Idris ◽  
Wael. A. Marajan ◽  
Abubaker Haroun Mohamed Adam
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Despite the existing several Sugar manufacturing companies in Sudan, there is an acute shortage in sugar supply, therefore the government imports Sugar to bridge the gap. One of the strategies to be followed is the introduction of Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) crop, mainly for sugar production. This crop has several advantages over Sugarcane such as short duration, less water requirement, in addition to other uses like animal feed. Therefore it became necessary to have good understanding of agricultural operations, cultural practices and adaptation. However, the main objective of this study was to assess the effect of Nitrogen fertilizer and plant spacing on vegetative growth of Sugar beet. This study was conducted at the farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Bahri, Alkadro, Khartoum State-Sudan; during the season 2016/2017. The experiment was arranged in Split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with six treatments and four replications. Two plant spacing (15 and 20 cm.) were used as main plot, referred as (S1, S2) along with three levels of Nitrogen fertilizer (40, 80 and 120 kg/ha.), as subplot; referred as (N1, N2 and N3) and the control (0). Data regarding leaf number, leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry weight (g) (LDW), root diameter (mm.) and root fresh weight were recorded and statistically analyzed. The results showed S2 (20 cm) increased all the studied plant characters, namely the leaf number (29.139), leaf area index by (7.54), leaf dry weight (g) to (89.870), root diameter (mm) (94,992), root fresh weight (g) (695.80) compared to S1(1015 cm). On the other hand; the application of N3 (120 kg/ha.) increased the lead number (30.956), leaf Area Index (8.841), Leaf dry weight (102.47), root diameter (97.955) and root fresh weight (851.77) compared to S2 and S1 as presented in (table 4, table 5 and table 6).

scholarly journals Response of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Growth, Yield and Yield Components to Compost and Phosphorus Fertilizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Wael. A. Marajan ◽  
Baha Eldin. M. Idris ◽  
Abubaker Haroun Mohamed Adam
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Sugar beet is one of the sugar crops which widely grown in different regions of the world due to its advantages over Sugarcane. Several studies were conducted in Sudan to assess its adaptation and economic value. However, the aim of this experiment was to study the effect of application of compost and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer and their combination on Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) growth attributes, yield and yield components. The study was conducted during the winter season 2018 –2019 at the farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Bahri, Alkadaro-Khartoum State, Sudan. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatments, namely the Compost (5t./ha.), Phosphorous (P2O5) (88kg./ha.), P2O5 (176 kg./ha.), Compost (5t./ha.)+P2O5 (88kg./ha.), Compost (5t./ha.)+ P2O5 (176Kg./ha.) and the Control (C) respectively. All cultural practices were carried out timely according to the recommendations of the Agricultural Research Centre in Sudan. Then the data pertaining the following agronomic traits were recorded, the leaf number; leaf dry weight (g), leaf area index (LAI) (cm), root diameter (RD) (cm) and root fresh weight (RFW) (g). The results of statistical analysis revealed the application of compost in combination with phosphorus displayed significant increase at 5% level for the leaf number (22.75), leaf area index (5.23), leaf dry weight(36.78), root diameter(69.67) and root fresh weight (422.68), followed by the application of compost alone compared to the control and other treatments. The study concludes that the combination of compost and mineral fertilizer (P2O5) proved to increase all Sugar beet growth and yield parameters.

Effects of Nitrogen and Zinc Spray on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
S.H. Mosavifeyzabadi ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, nitrogen and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Emam Khomeyni research Farm in Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: full irrigation, stopping irrigation at anthesis step and stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subplots were considered with and without nitrogen and zinc spray. The drought stress reduced the grain yield in anthesis stage more than other stages. Drought stress effects significantly on stem and ear diameter, ear length, chlorophyll value, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Nitrogen increased the seed yield and yield component except thousand grains weight and the number of row in ear. Using Zn, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, thousand grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5%, respectively. The results obtained from the present research showed that anthesis stage was most sensitive stage to drought stress. Also nitrogen and Zn could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.

scholarly journals Extending the CSM-CERES-Beet Model to Simulate Impact of Observed Leaf Disease Damage on Sugar Beet Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1930
Author(s):  
Emir Memic ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger ◽  
Oliver Hensel ◽  
William D. Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
The Impact

A CSM-CERES-Beet pest damage routine was modified to simulate the impact of Cercospora leaf spot disease effects on sugar beet yield. Foliar disease effects on sugar beet growth and yield were incorporated as daily damage to leaf area and photosynthesis, which was linked to daily crop growth and biomass accumulation. An experiment was conducted in Southwest Germany (2016–2018) with different levels of disease infection. Data collected included time-series leaf area index, top weight, storage root weight and Cercospora leaf spot disease progress. The model was calibrated using statistical and visual fit for one treatment and evaluated for eight treatments over three years. Model performance of the calibration treatment for all three variables resulted in R2 values higher than 0.82 and d-statistics higher than 0.94. Evaluation treatments for all three observation groups resulted in high R2 and d-statistics with few exceptions mainly caused by weather extremes. Root mean square error values for calibration and evaluation treatments were satisfactory. Model statistics indicate that the approach can be used as a suitable decision support system to simulate the impact of observed Cercospora leaf spot damage on accumulated above-ground biomass and storage root yield on a plot/site-specific scale.

scholarly journals Relationship of Photosynthesis and Harvest Index to Sweet Potato Yield

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajmer S. Bhagsari ◽  
Doyle A. Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Stage Of Development

Field experiments with 15 sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)] genotypes were conducted to study the physiological basis of yield in 1981 and 1982. The leaf area index differed significantly among the sweet potato genotypes during early and late phases of growth, hut showed an inconsistent relationship with yield. Single leaf net photosynthesis ranged from 0.74 to 1.12 mg CO2/m' per sec. Canopy photosynthesis for sweet potato genotypes differed significantly in 1981, but not in 1982. It ranged from 0.81 to 1.16 mg CO2/m2 per sec in Aug. 1981. and from 0.63 to 0.88 mg CO2/m2 per sec in 1982. Four hours after “C-labeling, 14C-assimilate translocation from the treated leaf ranged from 21% to 46%, but did not differ significantly among the genotypes. At final harvest, harvest index [HI, defined as (storage root yield/total biological yield) × 100] of the genotypes varied from 43% to 77% and 31% to 75% for 1981 and 1982, respectively. Canopy photosynthesis during September was significantly correlated with storage root dry matter yield (r = 0.54*) in 1981 and with phytomass (above-ground biomass plus storage roots) (r = 0.60*) in 1982. Both phytomass and HI were significantly correlated with storage root matter yield. Canopy photosynthetic evaluation of sweet potato germplasm may be-more relevant when the storage root sinks are at an advanced stage of development. Our study suggests that yield is poorly predicted by Pn, particularly when the genotypes have different leaf sizes.

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