Effects of betaine supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance, feed digestibilities and plasma characteristics in dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. WANG ◽  
Q. LIU ◽  
W. Z. YANG ◽  
J. WU ◽  
W. W. ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plasma Characteristics ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

SUMMARYThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of betaine supplementation on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein dairy cows (597±11·8 kg body weight (BW), 88±4·5 days in milk (DIM) and average daily milk production of 26·3±0·5 kg/cow) were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were: control (without betaine), low-betaine (LB), medium-betaine (MB) and high-betaine (HB) with 0, 50, 100 and 150 g supplemental anhydrous betaine/cow/day, respectively. Betaine was hand-mixed into the top one-third of the daily ration at feeding. Experimental periods were 30 days with 15 days of adaptation and 15 days of sampling. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected with increasing the betaine supplementation. There were linear increases in milk yield and fat-corrected milk yield (corrected to 40 g fat/kg) and a linear and quadratic increase in milk fat concentration with increasing the betaine supplementation, whereas the proportion and yield of milk protein and lactose, and feed efficiency, were not affected. Ruminal pH and ammonia N linearly decreased, whereas total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration linearly and quadratically increased with increasing the betaine supplementation. The ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P) linearly increased from 3·06 to 3·53 as betaine supplementation increased. Digestibility of DM linearly increased, whereas digestibilities of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in the total tract were quadratically increased with increasing the betaine supplementation. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were lower for betaine supplementation than for control, and were linearly decreased by betaine supplementation. The results indicate that supplementation of mid-lactation dairy cow diets with betaine increased milk yield through increased feed digestion. Betaine supplementation may benefit lactation performance when methionine supply is limiting.

Intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniimodulated rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qendrim Zebeli ◽  
Sarah J Terrill ◽  
Alberto Mazzolari ◽  
Suzanna M Dunn ◽  
Wen Z Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Profile

This study evaluated the effects of intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniion ruminal fermentation patterns, the profile of plasma metabolites, and milk yield and composition of mid-lactation dairy cows. Eight primiparous, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were arranged in a paired 2×2 crossover design. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) intraruminal inoculation of 35 ml suspension per day ofM. elsdeniiATCC 25940 (MEGA), containing 108cfu/ml of bacteria, dissolved in 35 ml of saline (0·15m), or 2) carrier alone (35 ml saline; CTR). Both postprandial and preprandial rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and plasma metabolite measurements were analysed. Postprandial VFA patterns were affected the most, with butyrate (P<0·01) and valerate (P<0·01) proportions increasing, and acetate (P<0·01), isobutyrate (P=0·05) and isovalerate (P<0·01) decreasing in MEGA cows. Preprandial data measured at various days showed that MEGA dosage tended to increase the molar proportion of propionate (P=0·09) and lower the acetate to propionate ratio (P=0·07) in the rumen fluid. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH and on the concentration of lactate in the rumen as well as on selected preprandial plasma metabolites. Postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol tended to increase (P=0·07) in MEGA cows compared with CTR. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma were lower in MEGA cows after the morning feeding (P<0·01). Sampling hour also affected plasma NEFA in this study. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were not affected by the treatment (P>0·05); however, after the morning feeding BHBA concentration was increased in both groups of cows. Dry matter intake and milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, results indicate thatM. elsdeniihas the potential to modulate the rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation Holstein cows, but these effects were only slightly reflected in changes in plasma metabolites and milk composition.

scholarly journals Betaine Improves Milk Yield in Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrates at High Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunshea ◽  
Kehinde Oluboyede ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
Brian Leury ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Betaine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Milk

Betaine is an organic osmolyte sourced from sugar beet that accumulates in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Since the accumulation of betaine lowers the energy requirements of animals and, therefore, metabolic heat production, the aim of this experiment was to investigate if betaine supplementation improved milk yield in grazing dairy cows in summer. One hundred and eighteen Friesian × Holstein cows were paired on days in milk and, within each pair, randomly allocated to a containing treatment of either 0 or 2 g/kg natural betaine in their concentrate ration for approximately 3 weeks during February/March 2015 (summer in Australia). The mean maximum February temperature was 30 °C. Cows were allocated approximately 14 kg dry matter pasture and 7.5 kg of concentrate pellets (fed in the milking shed) per cow per day and were milked through an automatic milking system three times per day. Betaine supplementation increased average daily milk yield by over 6% (22.0 vs. 23.4 kg/day, p < 0.001) with the response increasing as the study progressed as indicated by the interaction (p < 0.001) between betaine and day. Milk fat % (p = 0.87), milk protein % (p = 0.90), and milk somatic cell count (p = 0.81) were unchanged by dietary betaine. However, betaine supplementation increased milk protein yield (677 vs. 719 g/day, p < 0.001) and fat yield (874 vs. 922 g/day, p < 0.001) with responses again being more pronounced as the study progressed. In conclusion, dietary betaine supplementation increased milk and component yield during summer in grazing dairy cows.

Effects of isobutyrate on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 154 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Liu ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
W.Z. Yang ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
X.M. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Plasma Characteristics

scholarly journals Effects of ketosis in dairy cows on blood biochemical parameters, milk yield and composition, and digestive capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Bingbing Zhang ◽  
Chuang Xu ◽  
Hongyou Zhang ◽  
Cheng Xia
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Digestive Capacity ◽  
Blood Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to characterise the effects of ketosis on milk yield and composition and digestive capacity in transition dairy cows. Material and Methods Seven ketotic and seven healthy cows were housed in individual stalls for six days. Samples of plasma, milk, refused total mixed ration, and faeces were collected, and the blood biochemical parameters, milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and faecal dry matter (FDM) production were determined. Results Compared with healthy cows, the ketotic cows had significantly higher concentrations of milk fat and citrate, but lower levels of milk protein and lactose. The cows exhibited a need for acid detergent fibre in forage and better digestion of neutral detergent fibre, starch, crude protein, and phosphorus than healthy cows, but more fat and gross energy were excreted in their faeces. Ketotic cows had higher energy-corrected milk yields and lower FDM than healthy cows. Conclusion Lower feed intake coinciding with the requirement to maintain high milk production is considered to be the cause of ketosis in dairy cows. Ketotic cows exhibited lower dry matter fat digestion.

Effect of level of grain supplementation on milk production responses of dairy cows in mid - late lactation when grazing irrigated pastures high in paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Walker ◽  
C. R. Stockdale ◽  
W. J. Wales ◽  
P. T. Doyle ◽  
D. W. Dellow
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Diminishing Returns ◽  
Supplement Intake

Two grazing experiments tested the hypothesis that a cereal grain-based supplement, fed to cows that are in mid–late lactation and grazing low metabolisable energy and high neutral detergent fibre content paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)-type pastures, will increase milk yield, but that this response will diminish with successive increments of supplement. A further objective of this research was to investigate some of the factors, such as altered rumen fermentation pattern, that might vary the point at which diminishing returns start to occur. Cows grazed irrigated perennial pasture at an allowance of either 25 (experiment 1) or 31 (experiment 3) kg of dry matter (DM) per cow per day in late summer–early autumn (mid–late lactation) and were supplemented with cereal grain-based concentrates up to 11 and 7 kg DM/cow.day in experiments 1 and 3, respectively. In experiment 1, there were 3 replicates of 6 treatments (3 cows in each treatment group) that involved the feeding of either 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 or 11 kg DM/cow.day of supplement for 50 days. Experiment 3 was conducted over 35 days. There were 2 replicates of 4 treatments (4 cows per treatment group) that involved the feeding of either 0, 3, 5 or 7 kg DM/cow.day of supplement. A further experiment (experiment 2), associated with experiment 1, examined the effects of offering cereal grain-based concentrates up to 7 kg DM/cow.day to dairy cows consuming 10 kg DM/day of herbage with a high paspalum content on aspects of rumen fermentation. Incremental responses of 40 g/kg fat-corrected milk (FCM) to increasing concentrate intake diminished with increasing concentrate intake, with the level of supplementation at which diminishing returns occurred dependent on herbage allowance and, therefore, herbage intake. At a supplement intake of 3 kg DM/cow.day, the response in FCM was 1.1 kg/kg concentrate DM in both grazing experiments. There were no further increases in milk production with additional increments of concentrates in experiment 3 where the pasture allowance was highest. In experiment 1, where concentrates were offered to a level of 11 kg DM/cow.day, and the pasture allowance was lower, diminishing returns were not as pronounced as in experiment 3 until the highest levels of concentrate intake. Substitution of supplement for herbage was a major factor in causing the diminishing returns in both experiments, but especially in experiment 3, where pasture intakes were higher. Milk fat content was significantly (P<0.05) reduced (41.8 v. 32.5 g/kg) when concentrate intake increased from 9 to 10.4 kg supplement DM/cow.day in experiment 1. It was hypothesised that this reduction in milk fat content was probably due to the effects of subclinical rumen lactic acidosis. This hypothesis was supported by the trend to lower rumen pH for longer periods as supplement intake increased as well as a more variable milk yield at the highest level of supplement intake. We conclude that responses of FCM of 1.1 kg/kg DM cereal grain-based concentrates can be achieved when they are fed twice daily up to 3 kg DM/day to dairy cows grazing restricted amounts of paspalum-type pasture in autumn. Beyond 3 kg DM/day, marginal responses diminished with increasing concentrate intake, with the level of supplementation at which diminishing returns occurred being dependent on herbage allowance and, therefore, intake.

scholarly journals Effects of Partial Replacment of Dietary Forage Using Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae) on Ruminal Fermentation and Lactation Performances of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuguang Xue ◽  
Fuyu Sun ◽  
Linshu Jiang ◽  
Dengke Hua ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Rumen Microbiome

Background: Kelp powder, which was rich in novel oligosaccharides and iodine might be utilized by the rumen microbiome, promoted the ruminal fermentation and finally enhanced the lactation performance of dairy cows. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of kelp powder partially replacing dietary forage on rumen fermentation and lactation performance of dairy cows. (2) Methods: In the present study, 20 Chinese Holstein dairy cows were randomly divided into two treatments, a control diet (CON) and a kelp powder replacing diet (Kelp) for a 35-d long trial. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, milk quality, ruminal fermentable parameters, and rumen microbiota were measured to investigate the effects of kelp powder feeding on dairy cows. (3) Results: On the lactation performance, kelp significantly increased milk iodine content and effectively enhanced milk production and milk fat content. On the fermentable aspects, kelp significantly raised TVFA while reducing the ammonia-N content. On the rumen microbial aspect, kelp feeding significantly promoted the proliferation of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria while suppressing Bacteroidetes. (4) Conclusion: kelp powder as an ingredient of feedstuff might promote the rumen fermentation ability and effectively increase milk fat and iodine content, and consequently improve the milk nutritional value.

scholarly journals Effects of Starch Level and a Mixture of Sunflower and Fish Oils on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Ruminal Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Babak Darabighane ◽  
Ilma Tapio ◽  
Laura Ventto ◽  
Piia Kairenius ◽  
Tomasz Stefański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Dietary Oil

Four multiparous dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to examine how starch level and oil mixture impact dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, rumen fermentation, ruminal methane (CH4) emissions, and microbial diversity. Experimental treatments comprised high (HS) or low (LS) levels of starch containing 0 or 30 g of a mixture of sunflower and fish oils (2:1 w/w) per kg diet DM (LSO and HSO, respectively). Intake of DM did not differ between cows fed LS and HS diets while oil supplementation reduced DM intake. Dietary treatments did not affect milk and energy corrected milk yields. There was a tendency to have a lower milk fat concentration due to HSO compared with other treatments. Both high starch level and oil supplementation increased digestibility of gross energy. Cows receiving HS diets had higher levels of total rumen VFA while acetate was lower than LS without any differences in rumen pH, or ruminal CH4 emissions. Although dietary oil supplementation had no impact on rumen fermentation, decreased CH4 emissions (g/day and g/kg milk) were observed with a concomitant increase in Anoplodinium-Diplodinium sp. and Epidinium sp. but a decrease in Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcus sp., Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Mbb. gottschalkii clades.

scholarly journals Annatto seeds as Antioxidants Source with Linseed Oil for Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1465
Author(s):  
Jesus A. C. Osorio ◽  
João L. P. Daniel ◽  
Jakeline F. Cabral ◽  
Kleves V. Almeida ◽  
Karoline L. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of annatto seeds, linseed oil and their combination on DMI, apparent total tract digestibility, antioxidant capacity and milk composition of dairy cows. Four lactating Holstein cows (120 ± 43 days in milk; 15.98 ± 2.02 kg of milk/day, mean ± SD) were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without annatto seeds at 15 g/kg of dry matter (DM); with or without linseed oil at 30 g/kg of DM) and provided four different diets: control (no annatto seeds or linseed oil); annatto seeds (15 g/kg of DM); linseed oil (30 g/kg of DM); and a combination of both annatto seeds and linseed oil. Annatto seeds reduced DM intake, and milk yield, protein and lactose, but increased content of fat, total solids and short chain fatty acid, with no effect on total antioxidant capacity of milk. Linseed oil supplementation decreased medium chain fatty acid proportion and n-6/n-3 ratio, conversely it increased long chain fatty acids and n-3 fatty acid content of milk, ether extract intake and total-tract digestibility. Thus, linseed oil supplementation in dairy cow diets improved the milk FA profile but decreased milk fat concentration, whereas annatto seeds did not influence antioxidant capacity and depressed feed intake and milk yield.

scholarly journals Ruminal Fermentation, Milk Production Efficiency, and Nutrient Digestibility of Lactating Dairy Cows Receiving Fresh Cassava Root and Solid Feed-Block Containing High Sulfur

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Gamonmas Dagaew ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Sineenart Polyorach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

This study evaluates the effects of fresh cassava root (CR) and a solid feed-block containing sulfur (S-FB) on fermentation in the rumen, feed utilization, milk yield, and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein-Friesian cows with 470 ± 50.0 kg body weight (BW), 10 ± 2 kg day−1 average milk yield, and 112 ± 15 days-in-milk were studied. A 2 × 2 factorial combination was arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate the treatment-related effects. The treatments were obtained from a combination of two factors: (1) levels of CR at 10 g kg−1 BW (CR-1) and 15 g kg−1 (CR-1.5) and (2) levels of sulfur supplementation in solid feed-block at 20 g kg−1 (S-FB-2) and 40 g kg−1 (S-FB-4). The results showed that CR and S-FB had no interaction effect on feed intake, digestibility, fermentation, blood metabolites, milk yield, or its composition. Feeding CR up to 15 g kg−1 of the BW significantly increased (p < 0.05) the milk fat concentration while it decreased (p < 0.05) the somatic cell count. The S-FB-4 of the sulfur significantly (p < 0.05) increased the acid detergent fiber when compared with the S-FB-2 of the sulfur. CR could be fed up to 15 g kg−1 of BW with S-FB containing high sulfur (40 g kg−1) in dairy cows without a negative impact.

PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS FED COMPLETE PELLETED DIETS BASED ON WHEAT STRAW, BARLEY AND WHEAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. BLAIR ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
J. G. MANNS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Lactation performance, serum glucose, free amino acids, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were measured in dairy cows to evaluate three complete pelleted diets. Digestion coefficients were obtained with steers. The diets contained 17.5, 32.5 and 47.5% wheat straw, (designated LS, MS and HS, respectively). Overall health remained satisfactory. Energy digestibility increased from 64.0% on LS, to 69.6% on MS, and to 76.2% on LS. Fat-corrected milk yield and solids-corrected milk yield tended to be lower on LS, whereas total milk solids, percent milk fat and grams of milk fat yield were lower on LS than on MS and HS. Milk protein and solids-not-fat percentages were elevated on the LS diet. Little variation was observed in serum amino acid concentrations. A significant (P < 0.005) negative correlation (−0.52) was observed between milk fat percent and serum insulin.

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