scholarly journals Effects of elevated CO2and temperature on seed quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. HAMPTON ◽  
B. BOELT ◽  
M. P. ROLSTON ◽  
T. G. CHASTAIN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Seed Vigour

SUMMARYSuccessful crop production depends initially on the availability of high-quality seed. By 2050 global climate change will have influenced crop yields, but will these changes affect seed quality? The present review examines the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature during seed production on three seed quality components: seed mass, germination and seed vigour.In response to elevated CO2, seed mass has been reported to both increase and decrease in C3plants, but not change in C4plants. Increases are greater in legumes than non-legumes, and there is considerable variation among species. Seed mass increases may result in a decrease of seed nitrogen (N) concentration in non-legumes. Increasing temperature may decrease seed mass because of an accelerated growth rate and reduced seed filling duration, but lower seed mass does not necessarily reduce seed germination or vigour.Like seed mass, reported seed germination responses to elevated CO2have been variable. The reported changes in seed C/N ratio can decrease seed protein content which may eventually lead to reduced viability. Conversely, increased ethylene production may stimulate germination in some species. High-temperature stress before developing seeds reach physiological maturity (PM) can reduce germination by inhibiting the ability of the plant to supply the assimilates necessary to synthesize the storage compounds required for germination.Nothing is known concerning the effects of elevated CO2on seed vigour. However, seed vigour can be reduced by high-temperature stress both before and after PM. High temperatures induce or increase the physiological deterioration of seeds. Limited evidence suggests that only short periods of high-temperature stress at critical seed development stages are required to reduce seed vigour, but further research is required.The predicted environmental changes will lead to losses of seed quality, particularly for seed vigour and possibly germination. The seed industry will need to consider management changes to minimize the risk of this occurring.

scholarly journals Untangling the Influence of Heat Stress on Crop Phenology, Seed Set, Seed Weight, and Germination in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Lamichaney ◽  
Ashok K. Parihar ◽  
Kali K. Hazra ◽  
Girish P. Dixit ◽  
Pradip K. Katiyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The apparent climatic extremes affect the growth and developmental process of cool-season grain legumes, especially the high-temperature stress. The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of high-temperature stress on crop phenology, seed set, and seed quality parameters, which are still uncertain in tropical environments. Therefore, a panel of 150 field pea genotypes, grouped as early (n = 88) and late (n = 62) maturing, were exposed to high-temperature environments following staggered sowing [normal sowing time or non-heat stress environment (NHSE); moderately late sowing (15 days after normal sowing) or heat stress environment-I (HSE-I); and very-late sowing (30 days after normal sowing) or HSE-II]. The average maximum temperature during flowering was about 22.5 ± 0.17°C for NHSE and increased to 25.9 ± 0.11°C and 30.6 ± 0.19°C in HSE-I and HSE-II, respectively. The average maximum temperature during the reproductive period (RP) (flowering to maturity) was in the order HSE-II (33.3 ± 0.03°C) > HSE-I (30.5 ± 0.10°C) > NHSE (27.3 ± 0.10°C). The high-temperature stress reduced the seed yield (24–60%) and seed germination (4–8%) with a prominent effect on long-duration genotypes. The maximum reduction in seed germination (>15%) was observed in HSE-II for genotypes with >115 days maturity duration, which was primarily attributed to higher ambient maximum temperature during the RP. Under HSEs, the reduction in the RP in early- and late-maturing genotypes was 13–23 and 18–33%, suggesting forced maturity for long-duration genotypes under late-sown conditions. The cumulative growing degree days at different crop stages had significant associations (p < 0.001) with seed germination in both early- and late-maturing genotypes; and the results further demonstrate that an extended vegetative period could enhance the 100-seed weight and seed germination. Reduction in seed set (7–14%) and 100-seed weight (6–16%) was observed under HSEs, particularly in HSE-II. The positive associations of 100-seed weight were observed with seed germination and germination rate in the late-maturing genotypes, whereas in early-maturing genotypes, a negative association was observed for 100-seed weight and germination rate. The GGE biplot analysis identified IPFD 11-5, Pant P-72, P-1544-1, and HUDP 11 as superior genotypes, as they possess an ability to produce more viable seeds under heat stress conditions. Such genotypes will be useful in developing field pea varieties for quality seed production under the high-temperature environments.

scholarly journals Regeneration and Endogenous Phytohormone Responses to High-Temperature Stress Drive Recruitment Success in Hemiepiphytic Fig Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuangwei Fang ◽  
Huayang Chen ◽  
Diana Castillo-Díaz ◽  
Bin Wen ◽  
Kun-Fang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Early Regeneration

Exposure to high-temperature stress (HTS) during early regeneration in plants can profoundly shape seed germination, seedling growth, and development, thereby providing stress resilience. In this study, we assessed how the timing of HTS, which was implemented as 8 h in 40°C, could affect the early regeneration stages and phytohormone concentration of four hemiepiphytic (Hs) and four non-hemiepiphytic (NHs) Ficus species. Their seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling survival probabilities and the concentrations of three endogenous phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and salicylic acid (SA) were assessed after HTS imposed during imbibition, germination, and emergence. In both groups, seeds were more sensitive to HTS in the early regeneration process; stress experienced during imbibition affected emergence and survival, and stress experienced during germination affected subsequent emergence. There was no effect from HTS when received after emergence. Survival was highest in hemiepiphytes regardless of the HTS treatment. The phytohormones showed growth form- and regeneration stage-specific responses to HTS. Due to the HTS treatment, both SA and ABA levels decreased in non-hemiepiphytes during imbibition and germination; during germination, IAA increased in hemiepiphytes but was reduced in non-hemiepiphytes. Due to the HTS treatment experienced during emergence ABA and IAA concentrations were greater for hemiepiphytes but an opposite effect was seen in the two growth forms for the SA concentration. Our study showed that the two growth forms have different strategies for regulating their growth and development in the early regeneration stages in order to respond to HTS. The ability to respond to HTS is an ecologically important functional trait that allows plant species to appropriately time their seed germination and seedling development. Flexibility in modulating species regeneration in response to HTS in these subtropical and tropical Ficus species could provide greater community resilience under climate change.

scholarly journals MOISTURE CONTENT AND VARIETY OF JUTE SEED IS AFFECTED BY LONG TERM SEED STORAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Md. Zablul Tareq ◽  
Arif Mohammad Mojakkir ◽  
Mir Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Md. Jewel Alam ◽  
Md. Abu Sadat
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Healthy Seed

Seed perform a vital role in agricultural sector for crop production as well as seed business. Scarcity of healthy seed hinder not only the crop production but also the quality of seed. Storing of healthy seed with proper storing condition is one of the suitable methods to maximize production however, healthy seed also lose its quality during seed storage. Seed remains viable for long time if the seed stored by maintaining seed moisture content, storage temperature with storage container. So, this experiment was carried out to observe the quality parameters of jute seed during long term storing. To find out the storage effect an experiment was conducted on march, 2020 at seed laboratory, Jute Agriculture Experimental Station, Jagir, Manikganj, Bangladesh during the period of January 2016 to March, 2020. Plastic pot was used in this experiment as a storage container to store jute seeds. Three tossa jute (C. olitorius L.) varieties viz., O-795 (V1), O-9897 (V2) and OM-1 (V3) were used in this study. Result revealed that storage period and jute variety showed significant effect on different seed quality parameters. The highest seed germination, field emergence, seed vigour and the lowest 1000-seed weight, moisture content were recorded in T5 (2019-20) treatment. On the other hand, the lowest seed germination, field emergence, seed vigour and the highest 1000-seed weight, moisture content were recorded in T1 (2015-2016) treatment. Furthermore, seed germination, field emergence, seed vigour was negatively but 1000-seed weight was positively correlate with moisture content. Results revealed that extended storage period caused the decreasing seed quality and seed can be stored for three years in plastic container without hampering the seed quality.

scholarly journals Overexpression of rice OsLEA5 relieves the deterioration in seed quality caused by high-temperature stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
Kaho Miyazaki ◽  
You Ohkubo ◽  
Hiroto Yasui ◽  
Ryoka Tashiro ◽  
Rintaro Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
High Temperature Stress

scholarly journals Simulation of the impact of high temperature stress on annual crop yields

2005 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Challinor ◽  
T.R. Wheeler ◽  
P.Q. Craufurd ◽  
J.M. Slingo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Annual Crop ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Biology of High Temperature Stress in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye J ◽  
◽  
Zhong T ◽  
Yu D ◽  
Sun S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Stress Memory

During the past few years, climate change induced by global warming had caused the appearance of extreme high temperatures worldwide, which had resulted in devastating damage to crop production. High Temperature Stress (HTS) is becoming an increasingly significant problem for agricultural production. Recent studies have elucidated the complex regulatory networks and versatile metabolites involved in HTS tolerance. Here, we provided an overview of current knowledge regarding the adverse effect of HTS on plant growth and development, the impairment of HTS on photosynthesis and membrane system, the role of carbohydrate metabolism, accumulation of osmo-protectants and secondary metabolites, the induced production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROSs) and ROS detoxification system, and the synthesis of protective proteins like Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) in HTS tolerance. Furthermore, the role of different phytohormones in plant response to HTS were discussed and epigenetic modifications are reported to be one of the three major signaling pathways associated with HTS response in plants, through the development of a ‘stress memory’ that is generated by hypomethylation to improve the plant’s survival under recurring HTS conditions. These physiological and molecular knowledge underlying plant response to cope with HTS will be helpful for the future directions of breeding crop tolerance to HTS using these factors or other strategies for agricultural applications.

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