Early effects of slash-and-burn cultivation on soil physicochemical properties of small-scale farms in the Tapajós region, Brazilian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BÉLIVEAU ◽  
R. DAVIDSON ◽  
M. LUCOTTE ◽  
L. OTÁVIO DO CANTO LOPES ◽  
S. PAQUET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Slash And Burn

SUMMARYIncreasing human occupation of the Brazilian Amazon has led to the intensification of deforestation over the last 50 years. The present study is aimed at analysing the impacts of the first year of slash-and-burn cultivation on soil physicochemical properties. Sampling was done in 26 small-scale farms of the Tapajós River basin. In August 2004, soil samples were collected from primary forest plots planned for slash-and-burn cultivation. In September 2005, 1 year after the initial burning and the beginning of cultivation, the same sites were re-sampled. The results indicated that soil fertility after burning was relatively moderate, as the increase of base cations was not particularly marked. Moreover, although an increase of some nutrients (such as exchangeable phosphorus) was observed at soil surface, total carbon and nitrogen (N) pools did not change significantly. Nutrient leaching was also detected through the accumulation of both forms of available nitrogen (NO3 and NH4) as well as potassium in subsoil horizons. In addition, signs of erosion were seen, as a significant increase surface density occurred, coupled with up to 25% fine particle loss at the surface. The present study draws attention to the early impacts of slash-and-burn agriculture on soil properties within a year of cultivation. Furthermore, its regional dimension highlights undisturbed soils natural variability as well as differentiated responses to deforestation according to soil texture.

scholarly journals Soil Physicochemical Properties and the Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Community in a Mulberry (Morus alba L.)/Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Intercropping System

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Zhang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Jingyun Zhang ◽  
Yanbo Hu ◽  
Dunjiang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Environmental Factors

A better understanding of soil fungal communities is very useful in revealing the effects of an agroforestry system and would also help us to understand the fungi-mediated effects of agricultural practices on the processes of soil nutrient cycling and crop productivity. Compared to conventional monoculture farming, agroforestry systems have obvious advantages in improving land use efficiency and maintaining soil physicochemical properties, reducing losses of water, soil material, organic matter, and nutrients, as well as ensuring the stability of yields. In this study, we attempted to investigate the impact of a mulberry/alfalfa intercropping system on the soil physicochemical properties and the rhizosphere fungal characteristics (such as the diversity and structure of the fungal community), and to analyze possible correlations among the planting pattern, the soil physicochemical factors, and the fungal community structure. In the intercropping and monoculture systems, we determined the soil physicochemical properties using chemical analysis and the fungal community structure with MiSeq sequencing of the fungal ITS1 region. The results showed that intercropping significantly improved the soil physicochemical properties of alfalfa (total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, and total carbon contents). Sequencing results showed that the dominant taxonomic groups were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota. Intercropping increased the fungal richness of mulberry and alfalfa rhizosphere soils and improved the fungal diversity of mulberry. The diversity and structure of the fungal community were predominantly influenced by both the planting pattern and soil environmental factors (total nitrogen, total phosphate, and total carbon). Variance partitioning analysis showed that the planting pattern explained 25.9% of the variation of the fungal community structure, and soil environmental factors explained 63.1% of the variation. Planting patterns and soil physicochemical properties conjointly resulted in changes of the soil fungal community structure in proportion.

Early Hg mobility in cultivated tropical soils one year after slash-and-burn of the primary forest, in the Brazilian Amazon

2009 ◽  
Vol 407 (15) ◽  
pp. 4480-4489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Béliveau ◽  
Marc Lucotte ◽  
Robert Davidson ◽  
Luis Otávio do Canto Lopes ◽  
Serge Paquet
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
One Year

Agroforestry systems as a profitable alternative to slash and burn practices in small-scale agriculture of the Brazilian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Tremblay ◽  
Marc Lucotte ◽  
Jean-Pierre Revéret ◽  
Robert Davidson ◽  
Frédéric Mertens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Slash And Burn

scholarly journals Impact of Small-Scale Mining Activities on Physicochemical Properties of Soils in Dunkwa East Municipality of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Paul K. Essandoh ◽  
Mohammed Takase ◽  
Isaac Mbir Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Physicochemical Properties Of Soils

The quality of soils in rehabilitated small-scale mined sites needs thorough investigation since a lot of changes do occur. The study assessed the impacts of small-scale mining activities on concentration and distribution of soil physicochemical properties and heavy metals. The soil samples were collected from 120 (50 m × 50 m) plots. The concentrations of soil physicochemical properties (Ca, Mg, Na, N, P, K, and OC and EC) varied significantly ( p  < 0.05) between unmined and mined soils. However, there were no statistically, significant differences ( p  < 0.05) observed in the concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, and Cu between the unmined and mined soils. Despite the generally poor (33.8%) soil quality in the study area, mining activities further reduced it by 24.2%. Soils from mined sites with unfilled/partially filled pits had higher levels of K, Mg, and Na. As mined sites fallow period increased, concentrations of OC and Cd increased, while Ca, Mg, pH, Cu, Pb, and As and value of EC decreased. The number of years that mined land remained fallow, and whether the pits were filled or unfilled during this period should be factored into the mined land rehabilitation processes.

scholarly journals The earthworm’s diversity and their relationship to the soil physicochemical properties under the stands of perennial plant at the Mount Merapi forest, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Minarsih ◽  
Eko - Hanudin ◽  
Makruf Nurudin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Perennial Plant

Abstract. Minarsih S, Hanudin E, Nurudin M. 2021. The earthworm’s diversity and their relationship to the soil physicochemical properties under the stands of perennial plant at the Mount Merapi forest, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3237-3244. The study was to propose earthworm as bioindicator and its correlation to the soil physicochemical properties underneath some perennial plants. Soil samples and earthworm observation was taken out at a depth of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm under the stands of Acacia decurrens, coffee, Albizia chinensis, bamboo, snake fruit, and Acacia mangium. Soil moisture, temperature and Physico-chemical properties were measured, such as texture, pH, organic C, mineralized C, total N, mineralized N, available P, and base cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na). The results revealed that the earthworms density underneath of the stands of coffee was 105.4 ind.m-2 > snake fruit 92.6 ind.m-2 > Albizia chinensis  66.7 ind.m-2 > A. decurrens ? bamboo 40.7 ind.m-2 > A. mangium 37.0 ind.m-2. The dominant species of the earthworms found at a depth of 0-10 cm consisted of four species, namely: Pheretima hamayana, Pheretima californica, Eudrillus eugeniae, and Eiseniella tetraeda. Meanwhile, the earthworms diversity underneath the stands of coffee was H’=1.26 > A. mangium H’=1.03 > Albizia chinensis  H'=0.69 > ?H'=0.69 > bamboo H'=0.59. The soil physicochemical properties was positively correlated to the earthworms density was C-mineralized (r = 0.823) ? soil moisture (r = 0.585) ? available K (r = 0.529) ? available Ca (r = 0.505) ? available Mg (0.494). The results could be concluded that labile organic carbon, water, and alkaline cations were the important factors in improving soil biological fertility in the active volcano area.

scholarly journals Fire Occurrences and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Claudia Arantes Silva ◽  
Giancarlo Santilli ◽  
Edson Eyji Sano ◽  
Giovanni Laneve
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Ecosystem Degradation ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Forest Clearing

This work presents the dynamics of fire occurrences, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, forest clearing, and degradation in the Brazilian Amazon during the period 2006–2019, which includes the approval of the new Brazilian Forest Code in 2012. The study was carried out in the Brazilian Amazon, Pará State, and the municipality of Novo Progresso (Pará State). The analysis was based on deforestation and fire hotspot datasets issued by the Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE), which is produced based on optical and thermal sensors onboard different satellites. Deforestation data was also used to assess GHG emissions from the slash-and-burn practices. The work showed a good correlation between the occurrence of fires in the newly deforested area in the municipality of Novo Progresso and the slash-and-burn practices. The same trend was observed in the Pará State, suggesting a common practice along the deforestation arch. The study indicated positive coefficients of determination of 0.72 and 0.66 between deforestation and fire occurrences for the municipality of Novo Progresso and Pará State, respectively. The increased number of fire occurrences in the primary forest suggests possible ecosystem degradation. Deforestation reported for 2019 surpassed 10,000 km2, which is 48% higher than the previous ten years, with an average of 6760 km2. The steady increase of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon after 2012 has been a worldwide concern because of the forest loss itself as well as the massive GHG emitted in the Brazilian Amazon. We estimated 295 million tons of net CO2, which is equivalent to 16.4% of the combined emissions of CO2 and CH4 emitted by Brazil in 2019. The correlation of deforestation and fire occurrences reported from satellite images confirmed the slash-and-burn practice and the secondary effect of deforestation, i.e., degradation of primary forest surrounding the deforested areas. Hotspots’ location was deemed to be an important tool to verify forest degradation. The incidence of hotspots in forest area is from 5% to 20% of newly slashed-and-burned areas, which confirms the strong impact of deforestation on ecosystem degradation due to fire occurrences over the Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals Growth of Acacia mangium at Different Stand Ages and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Sarawak, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afifi Nazeri ◽  
Ismail Jusoh ◽  
Mohd Effendi Wasli
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Soil Variables

The information on soil physicochemical properties is vital for the optimum wood biomass production in forest plantation management. The objective of this study was to determine the topsoil physicochemical properties under different Acacia mangium stand ages and their effect on the growth parameters. Five plots were established randomly within each five different stand ages. In all sample plots, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the total height of standing trees were measured. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm at three random points in each plot, then mixed to get a composite before determining physical and chemical properties. DBH mean and the total height of A. mangium increased as stand age increased. The mean annual volume increment maximised at the 8.5 years old stand with 27.9 m3 ha-1 yr-1. Survival rate and stem density decreased as stand age increased. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the most important soil physical properties were soil organic matter, silt and sand contents, bulk density, and moisture content. For soil chemical parameters, exchangeable magnesium (Mg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio were the influential soil variables. Soil pH, available phosphorus (P), and clay content were negatively correlated with the growth development of A. mangium trees. Observations suggest that multiple soil variables are essential for the success of the A. mangium plantation.

scholarly journals Microbial biomass and soil chemical properties under different land use systems in northeastern Pará

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elessandra Laura Nogueira Lopes ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo ◽  
José Henrique Cattanio ◽  
Gladys Ferreira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Residue Incorporation

The increase in agricultural production in the Brazilian Amazon region is mostly a result of the agricultural frontier expansion, into areas previously influenced by humans or of native vegetation. At the same time, burning is still used to clear areas in small-scale agricultural systems, leading to a loss of the soil productive capacity shortly after, forcing the opening of new areas. This study had the objective of evaluating the effect of soil preparation methods that involve plant residue shredding, left on the surface or incorporated to the soil, with or without chemical fertilization, on the soil chemical and biological properties. The experiment was conducted in 1995, in an experimental field of Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) of the Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, northeastern Pará (Brazil). The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, in a 2x6 factorial design, with two management systems and six treatments evaluated twice. The management systems consisted of rice (Oriza sativa), followed by cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with manioc (Manihot esculenta). In the first system the crops were planted in two consecutive cycles, followed by a three-year fallow period (natural regrowth); the second system consisted of one cultivation cycle and was left fallow for three years. The following treatments were applied to the secondary forest vegetation: slash and burn, fertilized with NPK (Q+NPK); slash and burn, without fertilizer NPK (Q-NPK); cutting and shredding, leaving the residues on the soil surface, fertilized with NPK (C+NPK); cutting and shredding, leaving residues on the soil surface, without fertilizer (C-NPK); cutting and shredding, with residue incorporation and fertilized with NPK (I+NPK); cutting and shredding, with residue incorporation and without NPK fertilizer (I-NPK). The soil was sampled in the rainier season (April 2006) and in the drier season (September 2006), in the 0-0.1 m layer. From each plot, 10 simple samples were collected in order to generate a composite sample. In the more intensive management system the contents of microbial C (Cmic) and microbial N (Nmic) were higher, while the C (Corg) level was higher in the less intensive system. The treatments with highest Cmic and Nmic levels were those with cutting, shredding and distribution of biomass on the soil surface. Under both management systems, the chemical characteristics were in ranges that classify the soil as little fertile, although P and K (in the rainy season) were higher in the less intensive management system.

scholarly journals Impact of irrigated and non-irrigated cropping systems on soil physicochemical properties in a small-scale irrigation farming system in Eastern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Issa Kaduyu ◽  
Patrick Musinguzi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation ◽  
Eastern Uganda ◽  
Irrigated Soils

This study evaluated the impact of irrigation and cropping on soil physicochemical properties at Kyekide small scale irrigation farm in Jinja district, eastern Uganda. Treatments included Land-use systems under perennial and annual cropping with and without irrigation for over 20 years. The hypothesis was that there were insignificant differences in physicochemical properties of the soil under irrigated and non-irrigated cropping systems. Soil physical properties except hydraulic conductivity was not significantly different with irrigation and cropping. The pH of the soils ranged from moderately acidic to neutral pH (5.17-7.40), with irrigated soils tending to be more neutral than non-irrigated soils. SOM content was higher in the irrigated soils and perennial soils than in the non-irrigated and annual soils. The soils were moderately deficient in N and severely deficient in P (mean values =0.175% N and 1.183mg kg-1 P) compared with the critical of 0.2% and 15 mg kg-1, respectively. Irrigated soils had a significantly higher Na+ content than non-irrigated soils, with a mean value of 2.985cmol/kg. The K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents were higher in irrigated and perennial soils than non-irrigated and annual soils. The study suggested monitoring the soils under an irrigation scheme to prevent degradation due to increased salt accumulation or chemical fertility decline. Overall, monitoring of soil quality is vital in irrigation schemes to monitor the impacts of water on the environment.

scholarly journals Temporal evaluation of soil chemical attributes after slash-and-burn agriculture in the Western Brazilian Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42609
Author(s):  
Eduardo Carvalho da Silva Neto ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Elizio Ferreira Frade Júnior ◽  
Sandra Bezerra da Silva ◽  
João Andrade Carvalho Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Slash And Burn Agriculture ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Basic Cations

In Amazonia, the main causes of deforestation are systems based on slash-and-burn agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate temporal changes in the soil chemical attributes after the vegetation has been slashed and burned in an area of native forest in the Western Amazon. For this study, four hectares of forest in Cruzeiro do Sul, State of Acre, Brazil, was slashed and burned. The soil in the study area was classified as Ultisol (Argissolo Amarelo Distrófico típico). Soil samples were collected over the course of one year, the first one being collected 16 hours after the burn and the others at 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, 270, and 360 days after the burn. The soil surface layers were more sensitive to fire action. Ashes from vegetation burn increased pH values, basic cations, and C values only in the first months, resulting in higher basal saturation values (V%). The practice of slash-and-burn after 12 months resulted in lower values of pH, Ca, Mg, K, and P and higher values of Al and H, as well as saturation by aluminum in the soil, indicating this practice contributes to the reduction of soil fertility.

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