scholarly journals Microbial biomass and soil chemical properties under different land use systems in northeastern Pará

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elessandra Laura Nogueira Lopes ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro Ruivo ◽  
José Henrique Cattanio ◽  
Gladys Ferreira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Residue Incorporation

The increase in agricultural production in the Brazilian Amazon region is mostly a result of the agricultural frontier expansion, into areas previously influenced by humans or of native vegetation. At the same time, burning is still used to clear areas in small-scale agricultural systems, leading to a loss of the soil productive capacity shortly after, forcing the opening of new areas. This study had the objective of evaluating the effect of soil preparation methods that involve plant residue shredding, left on the surface or incorporated to the soil, with or without chemical fertilization, on the soil chemical and biological properties. The experiment was conducted in 1995, in an experimental field of Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) of the Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, northeastern Pará (Brazil). The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, in a 2x6 factorial design, with two management systems and six treatments evaluated twice. The management systems consisted of rice (Oriza sativa), followed by cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with manioc (Manihot esculenta). In the first system the crops were planted in two consecutive cycles, followed by a three-year fallow period (natural regrowth); the second system consisted of one cultivation cycle and was left fallow for three years. The following treatments were applied to the secondary forest vegetation: slash and burn, fertilized with NPK (Q+NPK); slash and burn, without fertilizer NPK (Q-NPK); cutting and shredding, leaving the residues on the soil surface, fertilized with NPK (C+NPK); cutting and shredding, leaving residues on the soil surface, without fertilizer (C-NPK); cutting and shredding, with residue incorporation and fertilized with NPK (I+NPK); cutting and shredding, with residue incorporation and without NPK fertilizer (I-NPK). The soil was sampled in the rainier season (April 2006) and in the drier season (September 2006), in the 0-0.1 m layer. From each plot, 10 simple samples were collected in order to generate a composite sample. In the more intensive management system the contents of microbial C (Cmic) and microbial N (Nmic) were higher, while the C (Corg) level was higher in the less intensive system. The treatments with highest Cmic and Nmic levels were those with cutting, shredding and distribution of biomass on the soil surface. Under both management systems, the chemical characteristics were in ranges that classify the soil as little fertile, although P and K (in the rainy season) were higher in the less intensive management system.

Early effects of slash-and-burn cultivation on soil physicochemical properties of small-scale farms in the Tapajós region, Brazilian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BÉLIVEAU ◽  
R. DAVIDSON ◽  
M. LUCOTTE ◽  
L. OTÁVIO DO CANTO LOPES ◽  
S. PAQUET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Slash And Burn

SUMMARYIncreasing human occupation of the Brazilian Amazon has led to the intensification of deforestation over the last 50 years. The present study is aimed at analysing the impacts of the first year of slash-and-burn cultivation on soil physicochemical properties. Sampling was done in 26 small-scale farms of the Tapajós River basin. In August 2004, soil samples were collected from primary forest plots planned for slash-and-burn cultivation. In September 2005, 1 year after the initial burning and the beginning of cultivation, the same sites were re-sampled. The results indicated that soil fertility after burning was relatively moderate, as the increase of base cations was not particularly marked. Moreover, although an increase of some nutrients (such as exchangeable phosphorus) was observed at soil surface, total carbon and nitrogen (N) pools did not change significantly. Nutrient leaching was also detected through the accumulation of both forms of available nitrogen (NO3 and NH4) as well as potassium in subsoil horizons. In addition, signs of erosion were seen, as a significant increase surface density occurred, coupled with up to 25% fine particle loss at the surface. The present study draws attention to the early impacts of slash-and-burn agriculture on soil properties within a year of cultivation. Furthermore, its regional dimension highlights undisturbed soils natural variability as well as differentiated responses to deforestation according to soil texture.

scholarly journals Estimating Dairy Young Stock Rearing Cost of Different Management Systems in Keningau, Sabah, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.T. Ang ◽  
N. Mohd Nor ◽  
M.W.H. Hiew ◽  
U. Khairuddin ◽  
C.T. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Management System ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost

Background: Rearing young stock is costly, yet study on the economics of dairy young stock rearing in Malaysia is scarce. This study aims to determine the cost of rearing dairy young stock in different management system at the largest milk producer area located in Keningau, Sabah, Malaysia. Methods: A survey was conducted at 7 smallholders, 6 semi-commercial sand 1 commercial dairy farms between July and August 2019 to estimate costs of rearing young stock from birth until first calving age (FCA) with the average number of milking cows as 16±2.495, 40±3.256 and 1,303 heads, respectively and the average number of young stocks was 2±0.769, 14±4.578 and 2,221 heads, respectively. Only feed costs were estimated. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS software. Result: The average cost of rearing was RM4, 052 (USD1,000)/heifer across three different management systems, which were RM3,478 (USD858)/heifer in small scale, RM4,380 (USD1,081)/heifer) in semi-commercial and RM4,300 (USD1,061)/ heifer) in commercial farms.

scholarly journals COSTS AND RETURNS IN ALTERNATIVE POULTRY EGG PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN TWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF OGUN STATE OF NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
A. B. AYANWALE ◽  
A. S. BAMIRE
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Management System ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Intensive System

Costs and returns involved in the intensive and semi-intensive management systems of poultry egg production were examined in Ijebu-Ode and Odogbolu Local Government Areas of Ogun State in Nigeria with a view identifying the more profitable of the two  systems. The free systems. Data obtained through structured questionnaires from the to feed and is suitable where there are no respondents who were selected through the simple random sampling procedure. Descriptive and Budgetary techniques were employed to analyse the data. Results from the analysis revealed that intensive poultry management systems are more profitable than  semi-intensive as indicated by the Benefit-Cost ratio estimated at 2.2:1 and 2.0:1two systems respectively. Further analysis revealed that the majority (50%) of farmers under the Intensive system of management undertook egg production enterprise only against none under the semi-intensive management system. Egg production averaged 132 egg\ bird and 68 eggs/bird respectively for a semi-intensive system. It was concluded that poultry egg production under an intensive management system needs to be encouraged under the present economy in the country. This could be effected by providing the right economic policies aimed at reducing the cost of livestock feeds and day old chicks.

Herbicide-soil interactions in reduced tillage and plant residue management systems

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Locke ◽  
Charles T. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Weed Emergence

Recent changes in technology, governmental regulation and scrutiny, and public opinion have motivated the agricultural community to examine current management practices from the perspective of how they fit into a sustainable agricultural framework. One aspect which can be incorporated into many existing farming systems is plant residue management (e.g., reduced tillage, cover crops). Many residue management systems are designed to enhance accumulation of plant residue at the soil surface. The plant residue covering the soil surface provides many benefits, including protection from soil erosion, soil moisture conservation by acting as a barrier against evaporation, improved soil tilth, and inhibition of weed emergence. This review summarizes recent literature (ca. last 25 yr) concerning the effects of plant residue management on the soil environment and how those changes impact herbicide interactions.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMICS OF GOAT PRODUCTION IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
S. A. N. D. CHIDEBELU ◽  
N. M. NGO
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
West African ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
The West ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Goat Meat ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goat

The West African Dwarf  goat is to Southeastern Nigeria and is raised by many families under small-scale and intensive management systems. Results showed that the average households kept 6 goats, but that expansion was limited by labour and feed procurement problems. Both males females owned goats but males dominated goat marketing. Women have recently become goat meat retailer. Although the prospects for large-scale goat production appeared bleak, those for women producers integrating vertically forward into marketing appeared favourable.  

Perspectives of using standards based on management systems for increasing the competitiveness of fruit and vegetable products in the republic of Uzbekistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Imomov Jamshidxon Odilovich
Keyword(s):  
Network Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Network Management System ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
The Republic

This article examines the role and importance of agriculture in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and demonstrates the need to improve the competitiveness of fruit and vegetable products in future economic reforms and the need for implementing a network management system. The SWOT method also shows the prospects and ways to increase the competitiveness of fruits and vegetables in the global agrarian and food markets.

New approaches to improving enterprise management systems using international models and standards in a digital transformation environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V.V. Silaeva ◽  
◽  
V.P. Semenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
System Model ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Iso 31000

The relevance of creating integrated management systems for enterprises in a digital transformation environment is proved. New approaches to improving the management system in accordance with the new European excellence model (EFQM 2020) and international standards for achieving sustainable success and risk management are described. Approach to the development of integrated management system model based on the new EFQM 2020 model and international standards such as ISO 9004:2018 and ISO 31000:2018 is offered.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bio-Risk Management System Implementation in Indonesian Higher Education Laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5076
Author(s):  
Anom Bowolaksono ◽  
Fatma Lestari ◽  
Saraswati Andani Satyawardhani ◽  
Abdul Kadir ◽  
Cynthia Febrina Maharani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Risk Management System ◽  
The Impact

Developing countries face various challenges in implementing bio-risk management systems in the laboratory. In addition, educational settings are considered as workplaces with biohazard risks. Every activity in a laboratory facility carries many potential hazards that can impact human health and the environment and may cause laboratory incidents, including Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs). In an effort to minimize the impact and occurrence of these incidents, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of a bio-risk management system in every activity that involves handling biological agents. This study was conducted in an Indonesian higher-education institution, herein coded as University Y. This is a descriptive, semi-quantitative study aimed at analysing and evaluating the implementation of the bio-risk management systems used in laboratories by analysing the achievements obtained by each laboratory. The study used primary data that were collected using a checklist which referred to ISO 35001: 2019 on Laboratory Bio-risk Management. The checklist consisted of 202 items forming seven main elements. In addition, secondary data obtained from literature and document review were also used. The results show that out of 11 laboratories examined, only 2 laboratories met 50% of the requirements, which were Laboratory A and B, achieving good performance. Regarding the clauses of standards, a gap analysis identified leadership, performance evaluation, and support as elements with the lowest achievement. Therefore, corrective action should be developed by enhancing the commitment from management as well as improving documentation, policy, education and training.

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