Pathogenic fungal protein-induced resistance and its effects on vegetable diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-C. LIN ◽  
C.-L. LIN ◽  
W.-C. CHUNG ◽  
K.-R. CHUNG ◽  
J.-W. HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Reduce Disease Severity

SUMMARYPlant defence systems can be induced by biotic and abiotic stress. Experiments were undertaken to explore the feasibility of different fungal proteins for the reduction of vegetable diseases. Total proteins purified from three soil-borne and five foliar fungal pathogens had no fungistatic effects nor did they trigger hypersensitive reactions on test plants. The abilities to promote plant growth and to reduce disease severity varied among test proteins and plants. Depending on test proteins, experiments have demonstrated that exogenous application of fungal proteins could reduce Alternaria brassicicola-induced black spot severity on cabbage, Colletotrichum spp.-induced anthracnose on Chinese cabbage and cucumber, Rhizoctonia solani-induced damping-off on sweet pepper and Chinese cabbage, and powdery mildew on cucumber seedlings. An Alternariaprotein effector 1 (Ape1)-coding gene was cloned from two Alternaria spp. and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed Ape1 reduced anthracnose incidence on cucumber leaves, indicating that Ape1 was the primary activator in the crude protein extracts responsible for disease reduction. Application of Alternaria proteins onto Chinese cabbage seedlings caused an increase of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities in treated seedlings, which may have played a role in host defence.

Identification and characterisation of a novel class I endo-β-1,3-glucanase regulated by salicylic acid, ethylene and fungal pathogens in strawberry

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín G. Martínez Zamora ◽  
Carlos Grellet Bournonville ◽  
Atilio P. Castagnaro ◽  
Juan C. Díaz Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Class I ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Avirulent Isolate

The identification of a full length cDNA encoding an endo-β-1,3-glucanase (FaOGBG-5) from strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) is reported. The analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of FaOGBG-5 showed that it shares typical structural features and a high degree of identity with other plant β-1,3-glucanases of the class I. The expression of FaOGBG-5 in plants infected with a virulent isolate of Colletotrichum acutatum and an avirulent isolate of Colletotrichum fragariae was examined. Induction of expression was observed with both pathogens but exhibited a delayed high expression with the virulent one. Additionally, the accumulation of FaOGBG-5 transcripts was also observed after treatments with the stress related hormones salicylic acid and ethylene. Results obtained suggest that the β-1,3-glucanase encoded by FaOGBG-5 may be implicated in plant defence against biotic and abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Volatile Compounds Produced by Selected Bacterial Endophytes in Promoting Plant Growth

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maheshwari Asha ◽  
Mmbaga Margaret ◽  
Bhusal Bandana ◽  
Ondzighi-Assoume Christine
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

Bacterial endophytes selected for their capability to suppress diverse fungal pathogens in vitro and in greenhouse studies have been shown to promote plant growth. The effect of volatile compounds emitted by selected bacteria on plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) was evaluated on container-grown plants nested above bacterial cultures, with roots exposed to the volatiles without direct contact between bacterial cells and the plant roots. Significant increases in plant growth were observed in plant height, root length, leaf size, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content in all plants tested. Although diverse chemical compounds may be involved in promoting plant growth, including volatile and nonvolatile compounds, observations in this study have implications for the potential role of the selected bacteria in plant production as biofertilizers and biopesticides.

Fungicidal activity of Thai medicinal plant extracts against Alternaria brassicicola causing black spot of Chinese kale

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tida Dethoup ◽  
Patcharavipha Songkumarn ◽  
Soraya Rueangrit ◽  
Supaporn Suesa-ard ◽  
Chutima Kaewkrajay
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

scholarly journals Phyllosphere Colonization by a Soil Streptomyces sp. Promotes Plant Defense Responses Against Fungal Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Vergnes ◽  
Damien Gayrard ◽  
Marine Veyssière ◽  
Justine Toulotte ◽  
Yves Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Root Microbiota

Streptomycetes are soil-dwelling, filamentous actinobacteria and represent a prominent bacterial clade inside the plant root microbiota. The ability of streptomycetes to produce a broad spectrum of antifungal metabolites suggests that these bacteria could be used to manage plant diseases. Here, we describe the identification of a soil Streptomyces strain named AgN23 which strongly activates a large array of defense responses when applied on Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. AgN23 increased the biosynthesis of salicylic acid, leading to the development of salicylic acid induction deficient 2 (SID2)-dependent necrotic lesions. Size exclusion fractionation of plant elicitors secreted by AgN23 showed that these signals are tethered into high molecular weight complexes. AgN23 mycelium was able to colonize the leaf surface, leading to plant resistance against Alternaria brassicicola infection in wild-type Arabidopsis plants. AgN23-induced resistance was found partially compromised in salicylate, jasmonate, and ethylene mutants. Our data show that Streptomyces soil bacteria can develop at the surface of plant leaves to induce defense responses and protection against foliar fungal pathogens, extending their potential use to manage plant diseases.

scholarly journals Isolation and selection of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana Alves Rodrigues ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Forzani ◽  
Renan de Souza Soares ◽  
Sergio Tadeu Sibov ◽  
José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizers ◽  
Chitinase A ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting

ABSTRACT Microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility and plant health. They can act as biofertilizers and increase the resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. This study aimed at isolating and characterizing plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with sugarcane, as well as assessing their ability to promote plant growth. Endophytic bacteria from leaf, stem, root and rhizosphere were isolated from the RB 867515 commercial sugarcane variety and screened for indole acetic acid (IAA) production, ability to solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen and produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia and the enzymes pectinase, cellulase and chitinase. A total of 136 bacteria were isolated, with 83 of them presenting some plant growth mechanism: 47 % phosphate solubilizers, 26 % nitrogen fixers and 57 % producing IAA, 0.7 % HCN and chitinase, 45 % ammonia, 30 % cellulose and 8 % pectinase. The seven best isolates were tested for their ability to promote plant growth in maize. The isolates tested for plant growth promotion belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family and the Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Pantoea genera. Five isolates promoted plant growth in greenhouse experiments, showing potential as biofertilizers.

Wheat TaLr35PR2 gene is required for Lr35-mediated adult plant resistance against leaf rust fungus

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Fang Liang ◽  
Xiong Du ◽  
Jiarui Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

In this study we analysed the expression patterns of TaLr35PR2 and confirmed its role in Lr35-mediated adult resistance to leaf rust fungus. β-1,3-glucanase, a pathogenesis-related protein, has a critical function in plant defence response against fungal pathogens. We previously described the full-length gene TaLr35PR2, which encodes a protein exhibiting amino acid and structural similarity to β-1,3-glucanase, in the wheat near-isogenic line TcLr35 (GenBank accession number DQ294235.1). This work aimed to further assess TaLr35PR2 expression patterns and function in Lr35-mediated adult resistance to Puccinia triticina. Immunoblot was performed to demonstrate that TaLr35PR2 expression was triggered early by P. triticina, with expression levels markedly elevated in incompatible interaction compared with those in compatible one. Additionally, TaLr35PR2 accumulation steadily increased and overtly peaked after challenge with P. triticina through the various developmental stages of TcLr35 wheat, and remaining at similar levels after mock inoculation. Furthermore, TaLr35PR2 expression was significantly reduced in barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-induced gene knockdown plants, in which pathological assessment revealed that TaLr35PR2-silenced plants was obviously susceptible to leaf rust fungus compared with wild-type TcLr35, indicating that Lr35-mediated resistance to leaf rust was diminished. These findings strongly suggest that TaLr35PR2 is involved in Lr35-mediated wheat defence against the leaf rust pathogen.

In vivo testing of antagonistic fungi against Alternaria brassicicola causing Chinese kale black spot disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atima Komhorm ◽  
Suttipong Thongmee ◽  
Todsawat Thammakun ◽  
Thanaprasong Oiuphisittraiwat ◽  
Arom Jantasorn
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Black Spot Disease

Cell biology of early events in the plant resistance response to infection by pathogenic fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kobayashi ◽  
L. J. Murdoch ◽  
A. R. Hardham ◽  
H. Kunoh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Host Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cytoskeleton

In addition to passive (or constitutive) defence mechanisms, plants have evolved a range of active (or inducible) responses that occur rapidly on infection with an incompatible (avirulent) pathogen and that are thought to play a major role in the expression of resistance. These defence reactions are only induced if the plant possesses the ability to recognize and respond to the pathogen. Signal reception by the host must initiate a cascade of events that lead to the expression of resistance. Some resistance responses, such as callose deposition, do not require the expression of new genes. Many responses, for example the synthesis and secretion of toxic compounds or molecules that enhance the strength of physical barriers, result from changes in the pattern of gene transcription. Other defence phenomena include hypersensitive cell collapse, intercellular signalling, and the induction of defence gene transcripts in surrounding cells. Changes in cell biochemistry and physiology are accompanied by characteristic structural modifications in the infected cells, such as the redeployment of selected organelles and dramatic modifications of the host cell wall. Recent evidence indicates that microtubules and microfilaments of the plant cytoskeleton facilitate the rapid localization of these and other plant defence responses to the region of infection. Key words: plant resistance, plant cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfilaments, fungal pathogens, polarity of defence response.

ChemInform Abstract: Fistupyrone, a Novel Inhibitor of the Infection of Chinese Cabbage by Alternaria brassicicola, from Streptomyces sp. TP-A0569

ChemInform ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Igarashi ◽  
Mio Ogawa ◽  
Yukio Sato ◽  
Noriko Saito ◽  
Ryuji Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Streptomyces Sp

scholarly journals Retrotransposons as pathogenicity factors of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Porquier ◽  
Constance Tisserant ◽  
Francisco Salinas ◽  
Carla Glassl ◽  
Lucas Wange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Pathogenicity Factors ◽  
Domains Of Life

Abstract Background Retrotransposons are genetic elements inducing mutations in all domains of life. Despite their detrimental effect, retrotransposons can become temporarily active during epigenetic reprogramming and cellular stress response, which may accelerate host genome evolution. In fungal pathogens, a positive role has been attributed to retrotransposons when shaping genome architecture and expression of genes encoding pathogenicity factors; thus, retrotransposons are known to influence pathogenicity. Results We uncover a hitherto unknown role of fungal retrotransposons as being pathogenicity factors, themselves. The aggressive fungal plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, is known to deliver some long-terminal repeat (LTR) deriving regulatory trans-species small RNAs (BcsRNAs) into plant cells to suppress host gene expression for infection. We find that naturally occurring, less aggressive B. cinerea strains possess considerably lower copy numbers of LTR retrotransposons and had lost retrotransposon BcsRNA production. Using a transgenic proof-of-concept approach, we reconstitute retrotransposon expression in a BcsRNA-lacking B. cinerea strain, which results in enhanced aggressiveness in a retrotransposon and BcsRNA expression-dependent manner. Moreover, retrotransposon expression in B. cinerea leads to suppression of plant defence-related genes during infection. Conclusions We propose that retrotransposons are pathogenicity factors that manipulate host plant gene expression by encoding trans-species BcsRNAs. Taken together, the novelty that retrotransposons are pathogenicity factors will have a broad impact on studies of host-microbe interactions and pathology.

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