Effects of rate and frequency of applied P on crop 
yields, P uptake, and fertilizer P use-efficiency and its 
recovery in a groundnut–mustard rotation

A field experiment was conducted for 5 years (1992/93–1996/97) on Tolewal sandy loam soil (Typic Ustochrepts) in the subtropical region of northwest India (Ludhiana), to evaluate the effect of four rates of fertilizer P (0, 20, 30 and 40 kg P2O5/ha) applied at three frequencies representing direct, residual and cumulative P treatments on crop yields, P uptake, fertilizer P-use efficiency and fertilizer P recovery by groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and mustard (Brassica napus) grown in a rotation.Groundnut responded to an application of P up to 20 kg P2O5/ha when the preceding mustard crop did not receive fertilizer P. However, when the mustard received 40 kg P2O5/ha, the succeeding groundnut crop did not respond to additional P applied to it, but obtained the required P from that which was in the soil including the residue from the previous application. The mustard crop responded significantly (46%) to P up to 40 kg P2O5/ha rate but there was a much less response (13–27%) to residual P that was applied to the preceding groundnut. The differences between these two crops are due to differences in climate between the mustard and groundnut growing seasons and corresponding differences in soil conditions, and perhaps also to differences in the P-solubilizing abilities of the two crops. The results suggest that in groundnut–mustard rotations grown under these climatic conditions, a direct application of 40 kg P2O5/ha to mustard would suffice to meet the P needs of both crops. This would be the most efficient way of using fertilizer P, increasing P recovery and improving total biomass partitioning to mustard seed or groundnut pod yield.

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Synergy between a shallow root system with a DRO1 homologue and localized P application improves P uptake of lowland rice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89129-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aung Zaw Oo ◽

Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽

Mana Mukai ◽

Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽

Toshiyuki Takai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Crop Production ◽

Soil Surface ◽

P Uptake ◽

Ore Deposits ◽

Root Surface Area ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

P Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

P Application

AbstractImproved phosphorus (P) use efficiency for crop production is needed, given the depletion of phosphorus ore deposits, and increasing ecological concerns about its excessive use. Root system architecture (RSA) is important in efficiently capturing immobile P in soils, while agronomically, localized P application near the roots is a potential approach to address this issue. However, the interaction between genetic traits of RSA and localized P application has been little understood. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parent of rice (qsor1-NIL, Dro1-NIL, and IR64, with shallow, deep, and intermediate root growth angles (RGA), respectively) were grown in flooded pots after placing P near the roots at transplanting (P-dipping). The experiment identified that the P-dipping created an available P hotspot at the plant base of the soil surface layer where the qsor1-NIL had the greatest root biomass and root surface area despite no genotyipic differences in total values, whereby the qsor1-NIL had significantly greater biomass and P uptake than the other genotypes in the P-dipping. The superior surface root development of qsor1-NIL could have facilitated P uptakes from the P hotspot, implying that P-use efficiency in crop production can be further increased by combining genetic traits of RSA and localized P application.

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Synergy Between a Shallow Root System With a DRO1 Homologue and Localized P Application Improves Rice P Uptake

10.21203/rs.3.rs-138072/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aung Zaw Oo ◽

YASUHIRO TSUJIMOTO ◽

Mana Mukai ◽

Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽

Toshiyuki Takai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Crop Production ◽

Soil Layer ◽

P Uptake ◽

Ore Deposits ◽

Root Surface Area ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

P Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

P Application

Abstract Improved phosphorus (P) use efficiency for crop production is needed given the depleting phosphorus ore deposits and increasing ecological concerns about its excessive use. Root system architecture (RSA) is important in efficiently capturing immobile P in soils, while agronomically, localized P application near the roots is a potential approach to address this issue. However, the interaction between genetic traits of RSA and localized P application has been little understood. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parent of rice (qsor1-NIL, Dro1-NIL, and IR64, with shallow, deep, and intermediate root growth angles (RGA), respectively) were grown in flooded pots after placing P near the roots at transplanting (P-dipping). The experiment identified that the P-dipping created an available P hotspot at the soil surface; the qsor1-NIL had the greatest root biomass and root surface area in the 0–3 cm soil layer despite no genotype differences in total values; the qsor1-NIL had significantly greater biomass and P uptake than the other genotypes in the P-dipping. The superior surface root development of qsor1-NIL could have facilitated P uptakes from the P hotspot, implying that P-use efficiency in crop production can be further increased by combining genetic traits of RSA and localized P application.

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Biomass allocation and phosphorus economics of rain-forest seedlings: effects of fertilization and radiation on soil specialists and soil generalists

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467410000660 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 147-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sean M. Gleason ◽

Jennifer Read ◽

Adrian Ares

Keyword(s):

Rain Forest ◽

P Uptake ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Relative Growth Rates ◽

P Use Efficiency ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Four Levels ◽

Radiation Use ◽

C Assimilation

Abstract:Concurrent nutrient and radiation limitation in forests may engender trade-offs between P-use and radiation-use efficiency in tree species. To quantify these trade-offs, structural and physiological traits were examined among five rain-forest species subjected to four levels of fertilization and two levels of radiation in a glasshouse experiment. Schist specialists,Cryptocarya lividulaandCeratopetalum virchowii, occur only on P-poor schist soils, whereas soil generalists,Cryptocarya mackinnoniana,Franciscodendron laurifoliumandMyristica insipida, occur on both P-poor schist and P-rich basalt soils. Wild seedlings less than 20 cm tall and 1 y old were collected from field sites, treated with fungicide, sorted into treatments (48 plants per species), and grown for 11 mo. We hypothesized that soil specialists would possess mainly non-plastic traits conferring high P-use efficiency, whereas soil generalists would possess markedly plastic traits conferring high radiation capture and use, enabling them to outcompete specialists on P-rich soils. Only generalistC. mackinnonianaand specialistC. virchowiisupported these hypotheses.Cryptocarya mackinnonianahad more plastic root mass fraction, leaf area ratio, P uptake, and higher C assimilation thanC. virchowii, which resulted in greater relative growth rates in high P treatments, but lower P-use efficiency in low P treatments. In contrast, specialistC. lividulademonstrated similar trait plasticity asC. mackinnoniana, suggesting that plasticity in these traits may be poor indicators of fitness on P-poor soils.

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Biomass production and phosphorus use of forage grasses fertilized with two phosphorus sources

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832009000200011 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 335-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sílvio Júnio Ramos ◽

Valdemar Faquin ◽

Carlos Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽

Carlos Alberto Silva ◽

Paulo Fernandes Boldrin

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

P Uptake ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

P Use Efficiency ◽

Forage Plants ◽

P Accumulation ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Total P ◽

P Sources

A major constraint to agricultural production in acid soils of tropical regions is the low soil P availability, due to the high adsorption capacity, low P level in the source material and low efficiency of P uptake and use by most of the modern varieties grown commercially. This study was carried out to evaluate the biomass production and P use by forage grasses on two soils fertilized with two P sources of different solubility. Two experiments were carried out, one for each soil (Cambisol and Latosol), using pots filled with 4 dm³ soil in a completely randomized design and a 4 x 2 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of a combination of four forage plants (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria brizantha, Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) with two P sources (Triple Superphosphate - TSP and Arad Reactive Phosphate - ARP), with four replications. The forage grasses were harvested at pre-flowering, when dry matter weight and P concentrations were measured. Based on the P concentration and dry matter production, the total P accumulation was calculated. With these data, the following indices were calculated: the P uptake efficiency of roots, P use efficiency, use efficiency of available P, use efficiency of applied P and agronomic efficiency. The use of the source with higher solubility (TSP) resulted, generally, in higher total dry matter and total P accumulation in the forage grasses, in both soils. For the less reactive source (ARP), the means found in the forage grasses, for use efficiency and efficient use of available P, were always higher when grown in Latosol, indicating favorable conditions for the solubility of ARP. The total dry matter of Brachiaria brizantha was generally higher, with low P uptake, accumulation and translocation, which indicated good P use efficiency for both P sources and soils. The forage plants differed in the P use potential, due to the sources of the applied P and of the soils used. Less than 10 % of the applied P was immobilized in the forage dry matter. Highest values were observed for TSP, but this was not reflected in a higher use efficiency of P from this source.

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Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Poultry Manure and Phosphate Rock on Soil P Availability, Ryegrass Production, and P Uptake

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9040191 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 191 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patricia Poblete-Grant ◽

Philippe Biron ◽

Thierry Bariac ◽

Paula Cartes ◽

María de La Luz Mora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

P Uptake ◽

Soil Types ◽

P Availability ◽

Antagonistic Effects ◽

Soil P ◽

P Use Efficiency ◽

Soil P Availability ◽

Use Efficiency

To maintain grassland productivity and limit resource depletion, scarce mineral P (phosphorus) fertilizers must be replaced by alternative P sources. The effect of these amendments on plant growth may depend on physicochemical soil parameters, in particular pH. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil pH on biomass production, P use efficiency, and soil P forms after P amendment application (100 mg kg−1 P) using poultry manure compost (PM), rock phosphate (RP), and their combination (PMRP). We performed a growth chamber experiment with ryegrass plants (Lolium perenne) grown on two soil types with contrasting pH under controlled conditions for 7 weeks. Chemical P fractions, biomass production, and P concentrations were measured to calculate plant uptake and P use efficiency. We found a strong synergistic effect on the available soil P, while antagonistic effects were observed for ryegrass production and P uptake. We conclude that although the combination of PM and RP has positive effects in terms of soil P availability, the combined effects of the mixture must be taken into account and further evaluated for different soil types and grassland plants to maximize synergistic effects and to minimize antagonistic ones.

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Synergy between a shallow root system with a DRO1 homologue and localized P application improves rice P uptake

10.1101/2020.11.30.405068 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aung Zaw Oo ◽

Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽

Mana Mukai ◽

Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽

Toshiyuki Takai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Crop Production ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Layer ◽

P Uptake ◽

The Other ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

P Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

P Application

ABSTRACTThe development of genotypes and fertilizer management practices that facilitate high phosphorus (P) use efficiency is needed given the depleting phosphorus ore deposits and increasing ecological concerns about its excessive use. Root system architecture (RSA) is important in efficiently capturing immobile P in soils, while agronomically, localized P application near the roots is a potential approach to address this issue. However, the interaction between genetic traits of RSA and localized P application has not been examined. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parent of rice (qsor1-NIL, Dro1-NIL, and IR64, with shallow, deep, and intermediate root growth angles (RGA), respectively) were grown in flooded pots in a uniform and P-sufficient condition (Pinco), and with localized P application by dipping seedling roots into P-enriched slurry at transplanting (P-dipping). The P-dipping created an available P hotspot at the soil surface and substantially improved applied P-use efficiency (equivalent biomass at one fifth of application rate of the Pinco). Further, the qsor1-NIL had significantly greater biomass and P uptake than the other genotypes in the P-dipping. The qsor1-NIL consistently had a greater root biomass and surface area in the 0–3 cm soil layer, despite that there were no genotype differences in total values and that the other genotypes also reduced their RGAs responding to the P hotspot in the P-dipping. The shallow root system of qsor1-NIL facilitated P uptake from the P hotspot. P-use efficiency in crop production can be further increased by combining genetic traits of RSA and localized P application.

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Empirical Models of Phosphorus Uptake under Different Nitrogen Sources in Dieffenbachia amoena ‘Tropic Snow’

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.2.412 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 412-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Silvia Jiménez ◽

Mónica Pérez ◽

Blanca María Plaza ◽

Roberto Salinas ◽

María Teresa Lao

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

N Uptake ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

P Uptake ◽

Empirical Models ◽

Area Index ◽

P Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

N Form

The study of models for better nutrient uptake estimation can help to improve integrated fertigation management, allowing enhanced water and fertilization use efficiency. The aim of this work was the development of empirical models that permit the prediction of the phosphorus (P) nutritional needs of Dieffenbachia amoena to increase P use efficiency in a recycled system. To achieve this, P uptake was correlated to climate parameters, such as temperature (T), vapor pressure deficit, and global radiation (Rg), and to growth parameters such as leaf area index (LAI). In addition, the influence of the N form supply (NO3 –-N or NH4 +-N) on P uptake was studied. The trial was carried out with Dieffenbachia amoena ‘Tropic Snow’ plants growing in a recycled system with expanded clay as substrate. The crop was placed in an INSOLE buried solar greenhouse, with the plants supplied with equal amounts of N, differing in the percentage of the N form applied: Ta (100 NO3 – : 0 NH4 +), Tb (50 NO3 – : 50 NH4 +) and Tc (0 NO3 – : 100 NH4 +). The N form applied to Dieffenbachia amoena ‘Tropic Snow’ plants affects P and N uptake, but it does not influence K uptake. Nitrogen and P uptake rates are higher in the plants supplied with NH4 + or NO3 – + NH4 + than in the plants provided with NO3 – alone. The supply of a combination 50 NO3 – : 50 NH4 + improves P use efficiency. The study also indicates the possibility of predicting the P uptake rate and P uptake concentration using the proposed models. Phosphorus uptake can be estimated with a model dependent on the LAI in the NO3 –-N treatments and on the LAI and Rg in the NH4 +-N treatments. The P uptake concentration can be calculated with the P uptake, estimated through the previous model, and the experimental water uptake. This parameter would permit the nutritive solutions design, decreasing nutrient losses in open systems.

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Intercropping legumes and cereals increases phosphorus use efficiency; a meta-analysis

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-020-04768-x ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Tang ◽

Chaochun Zhang ◽

Yang Yu ◽

Jianbo Shen ◽

Wopke van der Werf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Species Traits ◽

P Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽

Average Value ◽

Land Use Efficiency ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Use Efficiency

Abstract Aims Intercropping cereals with legumes may achieve high crop yields at reduced input levels. Several studies have indicated that intercropping increases phosphorus use efficiency but no overarching analysis exists on the role of species traits and input levels. Here we synthesize the available information on P use efficiency in cereal/legume intercropping. Methods Global data on yields, P uptake and nutrient input in cereal/legume mixtures were extracted from the literature and statistically analyzed. Co-variables explaining P uptake efficiency and yield were considered. Results P uptake was substantially increased with an average value of LERP, the land equivalent ratio for P uptake, of 1.24, and an average NEP (observed P uptake minus expected P uptake) of 3.67 kg P ha−1. The conversion efficiency of P uptake to biomass decreased with P uptake and was lower in intercrops than in sole crops but the conversion efficiency to yield was not affected by intercropping. The P fertilizer requirement was 21% lower in intercrops than in sole crops for the same yields. Conclusions Substantial improvements in land use efficiency and P uptake are obtained by cereal/legume intercropping. Cereal/legume intercropping has therefore potential to increase P fertilizer use efficiency in agriculture.

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ROOT INOCULATION WITH A P-SOLUBILIZING FUNGUS ALTERS GROWTH AND P UPTAKE OF SEVERAL GREENHOUSE CROPS.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.688e ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 688e-688

Author(s):

Hamish Tulloch ◽

Doug Waterer ◽

Dan Polonenko

Keyword(s):

Root Zone ◽

P Uptake ◽

Greenhouse Crops ◽

P Use Efficiency ◽

Field Crops ◽

Red Color ◽

The Media ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Accelerated Growth

Root zone inoculation with P-solubilizing Penicillium bilaji (PB) has increased P uptake and yields of several field crops. We examined the influence of applying 0 - 5 × 105 C.F.U./plant of PB to geranium and petunia grown in the greenhouse in a low P soil amended with rock P. All rates of inoculation increased growth and enhanced flowering of both crops. A second study examined the interaction between PB and rock P amendments in poinsettia. Inoculation with PB accelerated growth through to pinching as did addition of rock P to the media. The combined PB + rock P treatment enhanced bract development resulting in better red color at market time. These results suggest that PB inoculation can enhance growth and/or improve P use efficiency in greenhouse crops.

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Exploring phosphorus fertilizers and fertilization strategies for improved human and environmental health

Biology and Fertility of Soils ◽

10.1007/s00374-019-01430-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 299-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Prem S. Bindraban ◽

Christian O. Dimkpa ◽

Renu Pandey

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

P Uptake ◽

Water Soluble ◽

P Availability ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Soil P ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

P Fertilizers

AbstractMineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers support high crop yields and contribute to feeding the teeming global population. However, complex edaphic processes cause P to be immobilized in soil, hampering its timely and sufficient availability for uptake by plants. The resultant low use efficiency of current water-soluble P fertilizers creates significant environmental and human health problems. Current practices to increase P use efficiency have been inadequate to curtail these problems. We advocate for the understanding of plant physiological processes, such as physiological P requirement, storage of excess P as phytate, and plant uptake mechanisms, to identify novel ways of designing and delivering P fertilizers to plants for improved uptake. We note the importance and implications of the contrasting role of micronutrients such as zinc and iron in stimulating P availability under low soil P content, while inhibiting P uptake under high P fertilization; this could provide an avenue for managing P for plant use under different P fertilization regimes. We argue that the improvement of the nutritional value of crops, especially cereals, through reduced phytic acid and increased zinc and iron contents should be among the most important drivers toward the development of innovative fertilizer products and fertilization technologies. In this paper, we present various pathways in support of this argument. Retuning P fertilizer products and application strategies will contribute to fighting hunger and micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Moreover, direct soil P losses will be reduced as a result of improved P absorption by plants.

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