scholarly journals Biomass production and phosphorus use of forage grasses fertilized with two phosphorus sources

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvio Júnio Ramos ◽  
Valdemar Faquin ◽  
Carlos Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Alberto Silva ◽  
Paulo Fernandes Boldrin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Sources

A major constraint to agricultural production in acid soils of tropical regions is the low soil P availability, due to the high adsorption capacity, low P level in the source material and low efficiency of P uptake and use by most of the modern varieties grown commercially. This study was carried out to evaluate the biomass production and P use by forage grasses on two soils fertilized with two P sources of different solubility. Two experiments were carried out, one for each soil (Cambisol and Latosol), using pots filled with 4 dm³ soil in a completely randomized design and a 4 x 2 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of a combination of four forage plants (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria brizantha, Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) with two P sources (Triple Superphosphate - TSP and Arad Reactive Phosphate - ARP), with four replications. The forage grasses were harvested at pre-flowering, when dry matter weight and P concentrations were measured. Based on the P concentration and dry matter production, the total P accumulation was calculated. With these data, the following indices were calculated: the P uptake efficiency of roots, P use efficiency, use efficiency of available P, use efficiency of applied P and agronomic efficiency. The use of the source with higher solubility (TSP) resulted, generally, in higher total dry matter and total P accumulation in the forage grasses, in both soils. For the less reactive source (ARP), the means found in the forage grasses, for use efficiency and efficient use of available P, were always higher when grown in Latosol, indicating favorable conditions for the solubility of ARP. The total dry matter of Brachiaria brizantha was generally higher, with low P uptake, accumulation and translocation, which indicated good P use efficiency for both P sources and soils. The forage plants differed in the P use potential, due to the sources of the applied P and of the soils used. Less than 10 % of the applied P was immobilized in the forage dry matter. Highest values were observed for TSP, but this was not reflected in a higher use efficiency of P from this source.

scholarly journals Synergy between a shallow root system with a DRO1 homologue and localized P application improves P uptake of lowland rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Oo ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽  
Mana Mukai ◽  
Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application

AbstractImproved phosphorus (P) use efficiency for crop production is needed, given the depletion of phosphorus ore deposits, and increasing ecological concerns about its excessive use. Root system architecture (RSA) is important in efficiently capturing immobile P in soils, while agronomically, localized P application near the roots is a potential approach to address this issue. However, the interaction between genetic traits of RSA and localized P application has been little understood. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parent of rice (qsor1-NIL, Dro1-NIL, and IR64, with shallow, deep, and intermediate root growth angles (RGA), respectively) were grown in flooded pots after placing P near the roots at transplanting (P-dipping). The experiment identified that the P-dipping created an available P hotspot at the plant base of the soil surface layer where the qsor1-NIL had the greatest root biomass and root surface area despite no genotyipic differences in total values, whereby the qsor1-NIL had significantly greater biomass and P uptake than the other genotypes in the P-dipping. The superior surface root development of qsor1-NIL could have facilitated P uptakes from the P hotspot, implying that P-use efficiency in crop production can be further increased by combining genetic traits of RSA and localized P application.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Nutrient, Phosphateuptake and in Vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Bela Putra ◽  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Cahyo Wulandari ◽  
Ristianto Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Total P

This study aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate (P) fertilizer on the nutrient content, phosphate uptake and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).The research was conducted at green house of Forage and Pastures Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design using 3x4 factorial patterns with four replications. The first factor was dosage of phosphate fertilizer SP 36 (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha). Second factor was the dosage of AMF (0, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4kg/ha). The variable measured was nutrient contents (crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter), total P uptake and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. The results showed that the interaction of AMF and P fertilizer had no significant effect on crude protein and total P uptake, but highly significant effect on the parameters of dry matter, organic matter and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. 

scholarly journals Synergy Between a Shallow Root System With a DRO1 Homologue and Localized P Application Improves Rice P Uptake 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Oo ◽  
YASUHIRO TSUJIMOTO ◽  
Mana Mukai ◽  
Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application

Abstract Improved phosphorus (P) use efficiency for crop production is needed given the depleting phosphorus ore deposits and increasing ecological concerns about its excessive use. Root system architecture (RSA) is important in efficiently capturing immobile P in soils, while agronomically, localized P application near the roots is a potential approach to address this issue. However, the interaction between genetic traits of RSA and localized P application has been little understood. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parent of rice (qsor1-NIL, Dro1-NIL, and IR64, with shallow, deep, and intermediate root growth angles (RGA), respectively) were grown in flooded pots after placing P near the roots at transplanting (P-dipping). The experiment identified that the P-dipping created an available P hotspot at the soil surface; the qsor1-NIL had the greatest root biomass and root surface area in the 0–3 cm soil layer despite no genotype differences in total values; the qsor1-NIL had significantly greater biomass and P uptake than the other genotypes in the P-dipping. The superior surface root development of qsor1-NIL could have facilitated P uptakes from the P hotspot, implying that P-use efficiency in crop production can be further increased by combining genetic traits of RSA and localized P application.

scholarly journals HUMIC SUBSTANCES AND PHOSPHOROUS SOURCES IN MAIZE CROPS

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Lucas Morais Lôbo ◽  
Eva De Melo Ferreira ◽  
Camilla Oliveira Muniz ◽  
Carlos Alberto Da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Eliana Paula Fernandes Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Best Responses ◽  
P Sources

SUBSTÂNCIAS HÚMICAS E FONTES DE FÓSFORO NA CULTURA DO MILHO O objetivo do estudo é verificar o efeito da adição de doses de um produto comercial a base de substâncias húmicas (SH), na produção de massa seca de plantas de milho, no acúmulo de P nas plantas e a eficiência agronômica de fontes de fósforo em dois tipos de solos com diferentes capacidades de adsorção. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos compreendem quatro doses de substâncias húmicas (0, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1) e duas fontes de fósforo (superfosfato triplo – SFT e fosfato natural reativo – FNR), em dois tipos de solos (Latossolo Vermelho – LV e Neossolo Quartzarênico – NQ). As fontes de P foram fornecidas em dose constante de 75 mg.dm-3 de P. Houve resposta estatisticamente significativa (P<0,05) da produção de massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca das raízes (MSR), P acumulado na parte aérea e P acumulado nas raízes à adição de SH. No LV os parâmetros MSPA, MSR, P acumulado na parte aérea, P acumulado nas raízes e a Eficiência agronômica relativa das fontes de P aumentaram com a adição crescente de SH, obtendo os melhores resultados com uso da maior dose (400 kg ha-1). No NQ as melhores respostas foram obtidas com a adição de 100 kg ha-1 da SH. Estes resultados indicam que a utilização de substâncias húmicas é eficiente para o aumento da produção de massa seca das plantas de milho e no teor de P acumulado.Palavras-chave: P acumulado, eficiência agronômica relativa, adsorção de fósforo. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to verify the effect of the application of different rates of a commercial product based on humic substances (HS) on the dry matter contents, and P accumulation in maize plants and the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus sources in two soils with different adsorption capacities. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of four rates of humic substances (0, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1) and two phosphorus sources (triple superphosphate – TSP; and reactive natural phosphate – RNP) in two types of soils (Rhodic Hapludox – RH; and Typic Quartzipsamment – TQ). The response of the shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot accumulated P, and root accumulated P to the application of HS was statistically significant (P <0.05). In the RH, the SDW, RDW, shoot and root accumulated P, and relative agronomic efficiency of the P sources increased with increasing HS rates; thus, the best results were found with the use of the highest rate (400 kg ha-1). In the TQ, the best responses were found with the application of 100 kg ha-1 of HS. These results indicate that the use of humic substances is efficient to increase dry matter and accumulated P contents in maize plants.Keywords: accumulated P, relative agronomic efficiency, P adsorption.

scholarly journals Palatability Tests on Giant Pangola grass (Digitaria valida Stent) and Signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha) as compared with Napier (Merker) grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
L. Rivera Brenes ◽  
J. A. Arroyo ◽  
H. Cestero ◽  
A. Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Signal Grass

Signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha) and Giant Pangola (Digitaria valida Stent) were introduced into Puerto Rico by the Agricultural Experiment Station in 1957, from Ceylon and Cuba, respectively. Field observations and unpublished data on yields indicate good forage possibilities for these grasses for the Island. Both were submitted to a palatability test and compared with Napier grass, (Pennisetum purpureum), which is one of our most palatable forage grasses, using a 3 x 3 Latin-square design. The two grasses are as palatable as and contain more dry matter per pound of green forage than Napier grass. Both grasses are under grazing trials and must be submitted to more field observations before final recommendations are given to the farmers.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Total P

Abstract Cultivars of a crop can differ genetically with respect to their uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of phosphorus. The objective of this paper was to evaluate genetic variation for P uptake and utilization among peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes. Several traits contribute to the total P efficiency of the genotype, including root length, rate of P uptake per unit root length, leaf and pod characters such as P accumulation, and dry matter/yield produced per unit P absorbed [i.e., P efficiency ratio (PER)]. Peanut genotypes with increased P uptake and higher PER were identified. Some genotypes sustained higher PER at both low and high soil P availabilities.

Biomass allocation and phosphorus economics of rain-forest seedlings: effects of fertilization and radiation on soil specialists and soil generalists

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Gleason ◽  
Jennifer Read ◽  
Adrian Ares
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
C Assimilation

Abstract:Concurrent nutrient and radiation limitation in forests may engender trade-offs between P-use and radiation-use efficiency in tree species. To quantify these trade-offs, structural and physiological traits were examined among five rain-forest species subjected to four levels of fertilization and two levels of radiation in a glasshouse experiment. Schist specialists,Cryptocarya lividulaandCeratopetalum virchowii, occur only on P-poor schist soils, whereas soil generalists,Cryptocarya mackinnoniana,Franciscodendron laurifoliumandMyristica insipida, occur on both P-poor schist and P-rich basalt soils. Wild seedlings less than 20 cm tall and 1 y old were collected from field sites, treated with fungicide, sorted into treatments (48 plants per species), and grown for 11 mo. We hypothesized that soil specialists would possess mainly non-plastic traits conferring high P-use efficiency, whereas soil generalists would possess markedly plastic traits conferring high radiation capture and use, enabling them to outcompete specialists on P-rich soils. Only generalistC. mackinnonianaand specialistC. virchowiisupported these hypotheses.Cryptocarya mackinnonianahad more plastic root mass fraction, leaf area ratio, P uptake, and higher C assimilation thanC. virchowii, which resulted in greater relative growth rates in high P treatments, but lower P-use efficiency in low P treatments. In contrast, specialistC. lividulademonstrated similar trait plasticity asC. mackinnoniana, suggesting that plasticity in these traits may be poor indicators of fitness on P-poor soils.

Effects of rate and frequency of applied P on crop yields, P uptake, and fertilizer P use-efficiency and its recovery in a groundnut–mustard rotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. AULAKH ◽  
N. S. PASRICHA
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Mustard Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Recovery

A field experiment was conducted for 5 years (1992/93–1996/97) on Tolewal sandy loam soil (Typic Ustochrepts) in the subtropical region of northwest India (Ludhiana), to evaluate the effect of four rates of fertilizer P (0, 20, 30 and 40 kg P2O5/ha) applied at three frequencies representing direct, residual and cumulative P treatments on crop yields, P uptake, fertilizer P-use efficiency and fertilizer P recovery by groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and mustard (Brassica napus) grown in a rotation.Groundnut responded to an application of P up to 20 kg P2O5/ha when the preceding mustard crop did not receive fertilizer P. However, when the mustard received 40 kg P2O5/ha, the succeeding groundnut crop did not respond to additional P applied to it, but obtained the required P from that which was in the soil including the residue from the previous application. The mustard crop responded significantly (46%) to P up to 40 kg P2O5/ha rate but there was a much less response (13–27%) to residual P that was applied to the preceding groundnut. The differences between these two crops are due to differences in climate between the mustard and groundnut growing seasons and corresponding differences in soil conditions, and perhaps also to differences in the P-solubilizing abilities of the two crops. The results suggest that in groundnut–mustard rotations grown under these climatic conditions, a direct application of 40 kg P2O5/ha to mustard would suffice to meet the P needs of both crops. This would be the most efficient way of using fertilizer P, increasing P recovery and improving total biomass partitioning to mustard seed or groundnut pod yield.

scholarly journals Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Poultry Manure and Phosphate Rock on Soil P Availability, Ryegrass Production, and P Uptake

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Poblete-Grant ◽  
Philippe Biron ◽  
Thierry Bariac ◽  
Paula Cartes ◽  
María de La Luz Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil P Availability ◽  
Use Efficiency

To maintain grassland productivity and limit resource depletion, scarce mineral P (phosphorus) fertilizers must be replaced by alternative P sources. The effect of these amendments on plant growth may depend on physicochemical soil parameters, in particular pH. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil pH on biomass production, P use efficiency, and soil P forms after P amendment application (100 mg kg−1 P) using poultry manure compost (PM), rock phosphate (RP), and their combination (PMRP). We performed a growth chamber experiment with ryegrass plants (Lolium perenne) grown on two soil types with contrasting pH under controlled conditions for 7 weeks. Chemical P fractions, biomass production, and P concentrations were measured to calculate plant uptake and P use efficiency. We found a strong synergistic effect on the available soil P, while antagonistic effects were observed for ryegrass production and P uptake. We conclude that although the combination of PM and RP has positive effects in terms of soil P availability, the combined effects of the mixture must be taken into account and further evaluated for different soil types and grassland plants to maximize synergistic effects and to minimize antagonistic ones.

scholarly journals Synergy between a shallow root system with a DRO1 homologue and localized P application improves rice P uptake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Oo ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽  
Mana Mukai ◽  
Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application

ABSTRACTThe development of genotypes and fertilizer management practices that facilitate high phosphorus (P) use efficiency is needed given the depleting phosphorus ore deposits and increasing ecological concerns about its excessive use. Root system architecture (RSA) is important in efficiently capturing immobile P in soils, while agronomically, localized P application near the roots is a potential approach to address this issue. However, the interaction between genetic traits of RSA and localized P application has not been examined. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parent of rice (qsor1-NIL, Dro1-NIL, and IR64, with shallow, deep, and intermediate root growth angles (RGA), respectively) were grown in flooded pots in a uniform and P-sufficient condition (Pinco), and with localized P application by dipping seedling roots into P-enriched slurry at transplanting (P-dipping). The P-dipping created an available P hotspot at the soil surface and substantially improved applied P-use efficiency (equivalent biomass at one fifth of application rate of the Pinco). Further, the qsor1-NIL had significantly greater biomass and P uptake than the other genotypes in the P-dipping. The qsor1-NIL consistently had a greater root biomass and surface area in the 0–3 cm soil layer, despite that there were no genotype differences in total values and that the other genotypes also reduced their RGAs responding to the P hotspot in the P-dipping. The shallow root system of qsor1-NIL facilitated P uptake from the P hotspot. P-use efficiency in crop production can be further increased by combining genetic traits of RSA and localized P application.

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