The effect of sulphur application on the efficiency of nitrogen use in two contrasting grassland soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. BROWN ◽  
D. SCHOLEFIELD ◽  
E. C. JEWKES ◽  
N. PREEDY ◽  
K. WADGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Level ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
S Application ◽  
N Use

The effect of sulphur (S) application on the efficiency of nitrogen (N) use was investigated using cut plot experiments on two contrasting soil types. Nitrogen was applied at 200 and 450 kg N/ha per year, with and without 38 kg SO3/ha (15·2 kg S/ha) per cut. Over three conventionally timed silage cuts for 2 years, measurements were made of herbage dry matter, the yield of N and S in herbage and losses of N and S by leaching, and N by denitrification.Herbage dry matter and N yields were significantly increased by the application of S at the high N level at the sandy loam site (Halse). At the clay loam site (Great Close) the application of S had no significant effect on herbage dry matter or N yields. At Halse, the pattern of response through the year was not the same in the 2 years studied, although in both, the effect of S was significant at third cut at high N. Deficiency was suggested by the N[ratio ]S ratio of herbage on the plots without S, especially at first cut, and at later cuts at Halse. Nitrate leaching was reduced by S at Halse by 72% and 58% with high N in 1997 and 1998, respectively, and by 10% and 5% on the low N treatments in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Application of S at high N at Halse reduced the peak concentration of nitrate-N in leachate from 27·3 mg N/l to 9·3 mg N/l. At Great Close, application of S had no significant effect on the amount or peak concentration of nitrate-N leached. The improvement in efficiency reported at Halse suggests that on permeable soils receiving high levels of N, the application of S could have a large effect on nitrate leaching and its associated environmental impact.

The decomposition of crotonylidene di-urea in soil and the recovery of nitrogen by ryegrass

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. R. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Mineral N

SUMMARYCrotonylidene di-urea (CD-urea) in a sandy-loam and two clay-loam soils decomposed slowly at 7°C, and from 8 to 15% was recovered as mineral-N after 24 weeks. At 25°C, it decomposed faster in the sandy-loam than the clay-loam soils; with 100 ppm N, a maximum of 86% was recovered after 16 weeks, and 80% of 1000 ppm N after 24 weeks. Recovery after 24 weeks ranged from 30 to 60% in the clay loams.Ryegrass grown in pots produced more extra dry matter, containing more N, during 16 weeks when given ammonium sulphate than it did during 50 weeks with CD-urea.

The effect of a nitrification inhibitor on the concentration of nitrate in plants

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Z. Nowakowski ◽  
J. K. R. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Nitrate N

Calcium nitrate, or ammonium sulphate without or with 1% of the nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl) pyridine were applied in the spring to winter wheat growing on clay- and sandyloam soils; 50 or 100 lb N/acre was applied on the clay-loam and 75 or 150 lb N/acre on the sandyloam. On permanent grassland ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate without or with 1 or 2% of inhibitor were broadcast to supply 100 or 200 lb N/acre. Winter wheat was sampled 32 days, and grass 68 days after applying fertilizers. Ammonium sulphate increased nitrate in the wheat on the clayloam soil but significantly less with than without the inhibitor. On the sandy-loam, wheat given ammonium sulphate with and without the inhibitor contained similar amounts of nitrate-N. The double amount of ammonium sulphate without inhibitor increased the nitrate content of grass most, and the nitrate content decreased with increasing amount of inhibitor.

Experiments on the use of anhydrous ammonia for grass

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. R. Gasser ◽  
Marie Blakemore ◽  
R. C. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYA hand injector was used to inject ammonia into soils in pots in which ryegrass was subsequently grown and under grass in the field; the spacing was varied.Injecting ammonia or applying ammonium nitrate at one point or three points in the middle of a clay-loam and a sandy-loam soil in pots did not affect the growth of grass or its uptake of N. Grass with ammonium nitrate grew slightly better than with ammonia on the sandy loam and slightly worse on the clay loam.Best yields of dry matter and most uptake of N were obtained from grass swards having ammonia injected in lines 23 and 30 cm apart and the injection points from onequarter to one-half of the distance between rows. Increasing the distance between lines from 30 to 45 cm diminished total yield and uptake because the strip 15·2 to 22·8 cm from the line of injection grew less than grass nearer to the line of injection.With grass grown in rows 12·1 cm apart, yields were greatest with the lines of injection perpendicular to the rows of grass and least with the ammonia injected along and into the rows. The yield of dry matter of the row with ammonia injected into it was usually less than of the adjacent row and the percentage N in the grass was usually more, so that the weight of N in the grass sometimes increased and sometimes decreased with distance from the line of injection depending on the relative changes in yield of dry matter and of percentage N.

N-leaching in hill country; farmer led research

2010 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Crofoot ◽  
E.W. Crofoot ◽  
C.J. Hoogendoorn ◽  
A.J. Litherland ◽  
C.B. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Wise Use ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
The Face ◽  
N Use

There is scant information on nitrate-N leaching in East Coast hill country. Castlepoint Station, a focus farm in the Wise Use of fertiliser Nitrogen (N) project and in the face of potential restrictions on fertiliser N use, ran a 3 year trial focused on the impacts of N fertiliser on pasture and animal production as well as nitrate leaching.

Effect of Sources and Application Times of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Nitrate Leaching in Different Soil Textures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Sharafi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam

Abstract Aims Nitrogen fertilizers have destructive impacts on the environment through nitrate leaching. Methods To evaluate the effects of sources and application times of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield and nitrate leaching in different soil textures, an experiment was conducted using the factorial arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments were two sources of nitrogen fertilizer including ammonium nitrate (AN) and urea (NN), applied three different times during the year with a control treatment: total application before sowing (T1), total application in spring (T2) and application of half the amount before sowing and half the amount in spring (T3) in different soil textures (sandy loam, silty clay loam and silty clay) with three replications during three growing seasons 2015-16 (Y1), 2016-17 (Y2) and 2017-18 (Y3). Results The results indicate that the effects of different soil textures in increasing grain yield differed significantly. The soil texture of silty clay loam compared to other soil textures (sandy loam and silty clay) differed in grain yield. Interaction effects of N sources and application times were significant at the 1 percent level for the three different soil textures. The results also showed that in the soil textures of sandy loam and silty clay at T3, compared to silty clay loam, grain yield increased. Silty clay loam with T2 increased grain yield compared to other soil textures, with a yield of 6863.6 kg ha-1. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer at different application times was significant in increasing the protein content in the silty clay and sandy loam. The protein percentage in the silty clay was 10.76 at T2 and was 10.93 at T2 in the sandy loam. In addition, AN compared to NN had a greater effect on the percentage of grain protein.Conclusion Nitrogen fertilizer application times affect grain yield and protein content in different locations. Moreover, AN increases protein content compared to NN. Maximum soil nitrate concentration was obtained at 80-100 cm depth in both fertilizer treatments and in sandy loam soil, and nitrate concentration increased during the experiment.

Growth and yield of sugar beet on contrasting soils in relation to nitrogen supply: II. Growth, uptake and leaching of nitrogen

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Last ◽  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen

SUMMARYNine field experiments with sugar beet in 1968–70 tested eight amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (0–290 kg N/ha) on a shallow calcareous loam (Icknield Series), on a deep sandy loam (Newport Series) and on a heavy clay loam (Evesham Series). The amount of mineral nitrogen in the top and sub-soils was determined before applying fertilizer and at monthly intervals from May to October in plots given 0, 125 and 250 kg N/ha. The crop on these plots was also sampled at monthly intervals throughout the growing season and the yield and nitrogen uptake determined. The soil analyses indicated that in springs with average rainfall, the leaching losses of nitrogen fertilizer are negligibly small, although there was some evidence that losses may be greatest on sandy loams. In very wet springs such as 1969, with almost double the normal rainfall, losses through leaching are considerable – on average, 40 kg N/ha. Dry-matter yields and response to nitrogen fertilizer differed between the three soils consistently from year to year. On the calcareous loam, neither amount of fertilizer changed the dry-matter yield of roots in any year. The crop on the clay loam needed a small dressing and on the sandy loam a larger dressing of fertilizer for maximum root dry-matter yield. Uptake of nitrogen by the crops usually paralleled the decreases in soil mineral nitrogen although on the clay loam nearly a third of the nitrogen applied could not be accounted for in the soil or plants, suggesting that some denitrification may have taken place. When the amount of nitrogen taken up by unfertilized crops is allowed for, the percentage recovery of applied fertilizer nitrogen at final harvest ranged from 42% on the calcareous loams to 62% on the sandy loams.

N Deprivation in Maize During Grain‐Filling. I. Accumulation of Dry Matter, Nitrate‐N, and Sulfate‐S 1

1979 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Friedrich ◽  
L. E. Schrader ◽  
E. V. Nordheim
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Nitrate N

Comparison of oxidoreductive enzyme activities in three coal tar creosote-contaminated soils

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Telesiński ◽  
Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka ◽  
Krystyna Cybulska ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Robert Biczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Negative Effect

This study used laboratory experiments to compare the effects of coal tar creosote on the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes in sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. Different amounts of coal tar creosote were added to soil samples as follows: 0 (control), 2, 10 or 50 g kg–1 dry matter. The activity of soil dehydrogenases (DHAs), o-diphenol oxidase (o-DPO), catalase (CAT), nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidases (POX) was determined. Contamination of soil with coal tar creosote affected oxidoreductase activity. Oxidoreductive enzyme activity following soil contamination with coal tar creosote was in the following order: DHAs > CAT > NR > POX > o-DPO in loamy sand and in sandy loam; and DHAs > POX > CAT > NR > o-DPO in sandy clay loam. The index of soil oxidoreductive activity (IOx) introduced in this study confirms the negative effect of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductase activity in soil. DHAs were the most sensitive to the contamination of soil with coal tar creosote. Moreover, the greatest changes in oxidoreductase activities were observed in loamy sand. Knowledge of the mechanism underlying the effects of coal tar creosote on oxidoreductive processes may enable development of a method for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

Field performance of three real-time moisture sensors in sandy loam and clay loam soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 930-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Jabro ◽  
W.B. Stevens ◽  
W. M. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Clay Loam

TOLERANCE OF EARLY-MATURING SOYBEAN CULTIVARS TO METRIBUZIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. FRIESEN ◽  
D. A. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
Chamber Studies

McCall, Maple Presto, Maple Amber and OT80-3 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars were evaluated under field conditions for their response to metribuzin. Maple Amber was found to be less tolerant than the other cultivars. In controlled environment chamber studies, injury to this cultivar was more severe on a sandy loam soil than on a clay loam soil. Fall applications of metribuzin, alone or tank-mixed with trifluralin, were tolerant to Maple Amber soybeans and such applications may offer a practical alternative to spring treatments for broad spectrum weed control in the less tolerant soybean cultivars grown in Manitoba.Key words: Metribuzin, trifluralin, preplant incorporation, fall treatments, soybean cultivars

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