Male sterilization in Thailand: a follow-up study

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Burnight ◽  
Verasing Muangmun ◽  
Michael J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living Children ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
Male Sterilization ◽  
Permanent Method

SummaryA retrospective study of 185 Thai males who had been vasectomized at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, between January 1970 and March 1973 was conducted during the period May–July 1973. At the time of the vasectomy the mean age of the men was 33·5 years and the mean age of their wives was 29·9 years; they had a mean of 3·7 living children. The motivation for seeking a permanent method of fertility control was a combination of adverse economic pressures, a degree of rationality in family building, and worry over additional pregnancies. Only a few of the men experienced any medical complications as a result of the operation, and the most significant factor associated with health was fatigue. Few changes in mental health, social relationships, or personal habits occurred as a result of the operation. Post-vasectomy changes in sexual relations were found to be minimal; if occurring at all, such changes were usually improvements. Taking into consideration the age of husband and wife, duration of marriage, and number of living children, the demographic impact of vasectomies in Thailand seems to be greater than that in other developing countries where comparisons can be made.

Evaluation of intra-uterine contraception in selected mission hospitals in India

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sadashivaiah ◽  
M. S. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Living Children ◽  
Two Age Groups

SummaryIntra-uterine contraception is a useful method of fertility control, because of its applicability at all levels of socio-economic development and it has been the mainstay of the fertility control programme in many countries.The present evaluation is based on the hospital follow-up records of 4067 IUD cases from randomly selected mission hospitals for the years 1967 and 1968. Of the insertions, 97·7% were non-post-partum, and 60% of the acceptors were from the age group 25–34 years with a median age of 29·8 years; nearly 70% had fewer than four living children. The pattern of distribution by religion is similar to that of the 1961 census figures.The average number of women months (6·7) of IUD use is very low in a follow-up study of 24 months but is more or less consistent, both by age and parity.The incidence of expulsion, removal and pregnancy was 8·2, 12·9 and 0·6 respectively for all ages and although these rates were higher with the 27½-mm loop than the 30-mm loop the differences are not statistically significant.The rates of expulsion, removals and complaints were greatest during the first 6 months of use and decreased gradually with increase in duration of use.Bleeding, or other symptoms associated with bleeding, were the main reasons for the removals.Incidence of re-insertion was higher among those aged <25 years than among those aged ≥25 years and the difference in the proportion of re-insertions between the two age groups is statistically significant.The size of the loop seems to have no bearing on the incidence of re-insertions.Total termination rates at the end of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were 9·9, 15·2, 25·0 and 55·9 per 100 first insertions respectively.

A Follow-Up Study of the CROS Hearing Aid

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedda Aufricht
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Unilateral Hearing Loss ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Speech Distortion ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
The Mean

A recent development in hearing aids, the contralateral routing of signals (CROS), makes it possible to provide amplification for persons with unilateral hearing loss. In 1967, a CROS eyeglass hearing aid was placed on government contract and made available to veterans. To study the efficiency of the CROS, a follow-up questionnaire was sent to 60 male veterans who had been fitted with this aid. All had demonstrated unilateral hearing losses, and the mean threshold for the speech frequencies (500–2000 Hz) in the good ear was 24 dB. The 54 replies (90%) indicated that 85% wore the aid, liked it, and derived benefit from it; 15% neither liked nor wore the aid. The CROS appeared to be most helpful in listening to conversational speech and at work, and most disturbing in a noisy environment. The complaints about the aid fell into major categories: 33% objected to its poor fit and construction and 11% were disturbed by speech distortion. The CROS aid has been a useful addition to the hearing-aid stock at the clinic reported here. It has expanded the program by providing amplification to veterans who could not be fitted with the conventional stock of aids.

scholarly journals A new expansive two-open-doors laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: technical report and follow-up results

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aluizio Augusto Arantes Júnior ◽  
Geraldo Alves da Silva Junior ◽  
José Augusto Malheiros ◽  
Fernando Flavio Gonçalves ◽  
Marcelo Magaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical And Radiological Results ◽  
Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

The laminoplasty technique was devised by Hirabayashi in 1978 for patients diagnosed with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Objective: To describe an easy modification of Hirabayashi’s method and present the clinical and radiological results from a five-year follow-up study. Method and Results: Eighty patients had 5 levels of decompression (C3-C7), 3 patients had 6 levels of decompression (C2-T1) and 3 patients had 4 levels of decompression (C3-C6). Foraminotomies were performed in 23 cases (27%). Following Nurick`s scale, 76 patients (88%) improved, 9 (11%) had the same Nurick grade, and one patient worsened and was advised to undergo another surgical procedure. No deaths were observed. The mean surgery time was 122 min. Radiographic evaluation showed an increase in the mean sagittal diameter from 11.2 mm at pretreatment to 17.3 mm post surgery. There was no significant difference between pretreatment and post-surgery C2-C7 angles. Conclusions: This two-open-doors laminoplasty technique is safe, easy and effective and can be used as an alternative treatment for cases of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy without instability.

Change, Reliability, and Stability in Self-perceptions in Early Adolescence: A Four-year Follow-up Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru Lintunen ◽  
Esko Leskinen ◽  
Marja Oinonen ◽  
Marjo Salinto ◽  
Paavo Rahkila
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simplex Models

Changes in self-perceptions of fitness, appearance, and self-esteem among adolescents were assessed in a 4-year follow-up study. Both the changes in the mean levels across time (profile analysis), and the changes in the reliability and stability of individual differences (i.e. covariance stability as test-retest correlations) were examined. The subjects (64 boys, 49 girls) were 11 years old at the first annual measurement. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, as well as self-assessment questionnaires specifically designed for this study to assess Perceived Fitness and Perceived Appearance. MANOVA-and Simplex-models were used in the analysis. Our results among the girls were in accordance with the gradual consolidation hypothesis, so that self-perceptions become more fixed with increasing age. The boys showed highly stable self-perceptions throughout the follow-up, which may indicate the early emergence of a fixed self-concept. Self-esteem increased with age but changes in perceived fitness were small over time. The decrease in perceived appearance found among the girls but not among the boys was in accordance with the gender intensification hypothesis.

scholarly journals Study of antioxidant status in malaria patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
Amit G. Tyagi ◽  
Rupal A. Tyagi ◽  
Prema Ram Choudhary ◽  
Jaidev Singh Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Mean

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of metabolic changes in malaria patients. During infection RBCs are exposed to continual oxidative stress. The univalent reduction of oxygen results in a series of cytotoxic oxygen species such as O2-, H2O2, OH•. Objective was to determine the level of oxidative stress in patients suffering from malaria.Methods: The present study was conducted on 551 malaria patients and 211 age-sex matched controls, in department of Biochemistry, C U Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat from April 2012 to May 2013.  In stage-I, day-1 malaria patient’s v/s control group, In stage-II, day-3 v/s day-1 after anti-malarial treatment and in Stage-III day-3 v/s day-1 after anti-malarial + antioxidant treatment.Results: The mean erythrocytic activity of SOD, CAT, GST were decreased (0.71±0.25EU, 9.9±2.4μmol/sec, and 11.7±3.9 U/gmHb% respectively), mean level of GSH and MDA were increased (42.1±6.06gm/Hb%, 10.9±2.83 respectively) significantly (P<0.001) as compared to control group. In the follow up study with anti-malarial treatment the mean levels of erythrocytic GSH and MDA (28.7±7.54gm/Hb% and 8.08±1.95nM/L) decreased significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.01 respectively), whereas mean activity of erythrocytic enzymes like SOD, CAT and GST (0.99±0.15 EU, 15.8±2.68μmol/sec and 22.5±5U/gmHb%) were increased significantly (P<0.001) as compared to day-1.Conclusions: Erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes, GSH and MDA may be considered to be reliable biochemical markers for diagnostic and therapeutic potential in malaria.

scholarly journals The rate of in-patient medical admissions post-bariatric surgery for medical complications during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sama Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Turki Faris Al-Ahbabi ◽  
Mohammed Aly Elsherif ◽  
Ahmed Ghazy ◽  
Samer Hammoudeh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Neuromuscular Complications

Background: A rising number of bariatric surgeries (BS) are associated with a rise in medical complications including protein malnutrition and neuromuscular complications (NM). Although BS were minimized during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of admissions due to complications continued to increase. Proper outpatient follow-up was negatively affected during the pandemic. We aim to address the rising rate of post-BS admissions during COVID-19 pandemic compared to the previous six years' admissions with a similar diagnosis. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 33 patients admitted with malnutrition and/or NM complications post-BS at Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, from 1st Jan 2014–30th Aug 2020. Patients’ data were retrieved from the electronic medical records and bariatric patients’ database. Malnutrition was evaluated using serum albumin, total protein, minerals, and vitamins. Nerve conduction study/electromyography confirmed NM complications. Risk factors addressed were interval between BS and admission, gastrointestinal symptoms, total weight loss (TWL %), excess weight loss (EWL %), and irregular multivitamins intake. Results: The study included 21 patients, admitted from 1st Jan 2014-31th Dec 2019, compared to 12 patients during the period 1st Jan-30th August 2020. The patients’ mean age was 26.90 ± 9.81 years, and females were 18 (59%). The mean pre-operative weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), post-operative weight, BMI were: 123.48 kg, 44.37 kg/m2 and 84.61 kg – 30.67 kg/m2, respectively. The mean weight loss, EWL% and TWL% was 38.04 kg, 73.26%, and 30.57%, respectively. The time interval between BS and admission was 7.18 ± 8.99 months. Seventeen patients (51.5%) had malnutrition, while 16 (58.5%) had NM complications, 87.9% were off multivitamins, and 66% had gastrointestinal symptoms. All patients showed minerals and vitamins deficiencies, especially for vitamin D (81.8%) and potassium (30.3%). Conclusion: Despite a reduction in the number of BS during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the rate of hospital admissions with medical complications after BS was observed.

scholarly journals The effect of a modified chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus patients: A five-year follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyong Zhang ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Tiannan Chen ◽  
Chengwei Wang ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Aofas Score ◽  
Intermetatarsal Angle ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Chevron Osteotomy ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
American Orthopaedic

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to detect the effect of a modified chevron osteotomy on hallux valgus (HV) deformity at five-year follow up. Methods Twenty patients with symptomatic HV who underwent modified chevron osteotomy between June 2014 and January 2016 were included in the present study. The follow-up duration was more than five years. Each patient was evaluated preoperatively, six weeks postoperatively and five years postoperatively using the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and cosmetic and radiological outcomes. Results The AOFAS score improved from 54.40 (± 4.58) preoperatively to 94.30 (± 2.15) six weeks postoperatively (p < 0.001) and 96.95 (± 1.54) five years postoperatively (p < 0.001). The VAS scores decreased from 6.30 (± 1.17)preoperatively to 0.15 (± 0.37) five years postoperatively (p < 0.001). The mean intermetatarsal angle improved from 16.00° (± 2.20°) preoperatively to 4.15° (± 1.22°) six weeks postoperatively (p < 0.001) and 4.40° (± 1.39°) five years postoperatively (p < 0.001). The mean HV angle also improved, from 32.70° (± 5.34°) preoperatively to 4.80° (± 1.40°) six weeks postoperatively (p < 0.001) and 5.20° (± 1.32°) five years postoperatively (p < 0.001). The cosmetic results were either excellent or good in 19 patients (95%). There was no recurrence in this study during the five postoperative years. Conclusion A modified chevron osteotomy can achieve successful correction of moderate-to-severe HV, with excellent outcomes at five-year follow up.

scholarly journals A 20-year prospective follow-up study to evaluate the development of retinopathy and nephropathy after the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus: Contribution of glycemic control and metabolic memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
L L Bolotskaya ◽  
E G Bessmertnaya ◽  
M V Shestakova ◽  
M Sh Shamkhalova ◽  
L V Nikankina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean

Aim. To assess the time course of changes in the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for 20 years after the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to compare its correlation with the development of microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Subjects and methods. A total of 187 children with new-onset T1DM were registered in Moscow in 1994. During the 20-year follow-up study, these patients underwent regular check-ups at the Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, which included assessment of physical data, HbA1c 2-4 times a year, biochemical blood and albuminuria tests (once per year), and ophthalmologic examination (twice a year). A total of 155 people fully completed the 20-years follow-up study. Results. During the 20-year follow-up period after the onset of T1DM, 86 of the 155 patients developed microvascular complications: DR and DN in 86 (55.5%) and 24 (15.5%) cases, respectively; while DR concurrent with DN were noted in 20 patients. By the time of their last visit, 69 (44.5%) patients had no evidence suggesting the presence of microvascular complications. The level of HbA1c at the onset of the disease in patients who later developed the complications was higher than in those without complications (10.2±0.6 and 8.5±0.2%, respectively (p = 0.003). The statistically significant differences in HbA1c levels between the groups persisted during subsequent 15 years of follow-up, averaging 9.2±1.5, 9.7±0.9, and 8.1±0.7% after 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively, in the complication group and 7.1±0.3, 8.1±0.4, and 7.2±0.2% in the non-complication group (p < 0.01). Over the last 5 years of the follow-up, the mean HbA1c level between the groups was not significantly different, which at the end of the 20-year follow-up period was 7.8±0.3 and 7.4±0.6%, respectively (p > 0.05). The mean duration of T1DM, in which DR developed, was 9.6±6.2, 11.0±2.0, and 13.6±4.6 years for the non-proliferative, pre-proliferative, and proliferative stages, respectively. That of T1DM, in which DN developed, was 11.8±0.6 years for microalbuminuria and 16.1±1.3 years for macroalbuminuria. Conclusion. The 20-year clinical follow-up of patients who had fallen ill with T1DM in childhood showed that diabetic microangiopathies developed with the long-term preservation of poor blood glucose control (BGC) starting at the onset of the disease. At the same time, the complications progressed to more severe stages, despite a clear trend toward better BGC. This may be suggestive of the negative metabolic memory phenomenon, which necessitates stable BGC, starting at the onset of the disease, for the prevention of microvascular complications.

scholarly journals Stability and Change of the Personality Traits Languidity and Flexibility in a Sample of Nurses: A 7–8 Years Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ståle Pallesen ◽  
Eirunn Thun ◽  
Siri Waage ◽  
Øystein Vedaa ◽  
Anette Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Night Work ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Circadian Type

The traits languidity (tendency to become tired/sleepy upon losing sleep) and flexibility (ability to sleep and work at odd times) have been implicated in shift work tolerance. However, there is a dearth of knowledge about their temporal stability. The aim of the present study was to explore these traits during a long follow-up (FU) period and identify factors related to potential changes in trait scores over time. In all, 1,652 nurses completed the Circadian Type Inventory-revised (CTI-r), which measures languidity and flexibility, at both 2008/2009 (baseline, BL) and again in 2016 (FU). The latent scores of these two constructs at BL, in addition to age, sex, childcare responsibility, marital status, night work status, and insomnia status, were regressed on the corresponding latent scores at follow-up using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Stability was found for both languidity (rho = 0.59) and flexibility (rho = 0.58). Both composite scores declined significantly from baseline (20.62 and 12.48) to follow-up (19.96 and 11.77). Languidity at baseline was positively associated with languidity at follow-up (β = 0.89, p &lt; 0.009). Undertaking childcare responsibility between baseline and follow-up was inversely related to languidity at follow-up (β = −0.09, p &lt; 0.05). Starting night work was positively related to languidity at follow-up (β = 0.06, p &lt; 0.05). Developing insomnia between baseline and follow-up (β = 0.15, p &lt; 0.05) was positively, whereas remitting from insomnia during the same period was negatively (β = −0.11, p &lt; 0.01) associated with languidity at follow-up. Flexibility at baseline was positively associated with flexibility at follow-up (β = 0.64, p &lt; 0.05). Having childcare responsibility at baseline, but not at follow-up was inversely related to flexibility at follow-up (β = −0.05 p &lt; 0.05). Becoming cohabitant with a partner between baseline and follow-up (β = −0.07, p &lt; 0.05) was negatively associated with flexibility at follow-up. Starting night work between baseline and follow-up (β = 0.17, p &lt; 0.01) and reporting night work at both baseline and follow-up (β = 0.18, p &lt; 0.01) were both positively associated with flexibility at follow-up, whereas stopping working nights was negatively (β = −0.09, p &lt; 0.05), associated with flexibility at follow-up. The personality traits languidity and flexibility show fairly high stability, albeit the mean scores were significantly reduced during the 7–8 years follow-up period. The results suggest that these personality traits are partly modifiable.

scholarly journals Factors associated with institutionalization among home-dwelling patients of Urgent Geriatric Outpatient Clinic: a 3-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-751
Author(s):  
Marika Salminen ◽  
Jonna Laine ◽  
Tero Vahlberg ◽  
Paula Viikari ◽  
Maarit Wuorela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Abstract Purpose To examine the effect of predictive factors on institutionalization among older patients. Methods The participants were older (aged 75 years or older) home-dwelling citizens evaluated at Urgent Geriatric Outpatient Clinic (UrGeriC) for the first time between the 1st of September 2013 and the 1st of September 2014 (n = 1300). They were followed up for institutionalization for 3 years. Death was used as a competing risk in Cox regression analyses. Results The mean age of the participants was 85.1 years (standard deviation [SD] 5.5, range 75–103 years), and 74% were female. The rates of institutionalization and mortality were 29.9% and 46.1%, respectively. The mean age for institutionalization was 86.1 (SD 5.6) years. According to multivariate Cox regression analyses, the use of home care (hazard ratio 2.43, 95% confidence interval 1.80–3.27, p < 0.001), dementia (2.38, 1.90–2.99, p < 0.001), higher age (≥ 95 vs. 75–84; 1.65, 1.03–2.62, p = 0.036), and falls during the previous 12 months (≥ 2 vs. no falls; 1.54, 1.10–2.16, p = 0.012) significantly predicted institutionalization during the 3-year follow-up. Conclusion Cognitive and/or functional impairment mainly predicted institutionalization among older patients of UrGeriC having health problems and acute difficulties in managing at home.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document