Continuing fertility transitions in a plural society: ethnic trends and differentials in Peninsular Malaysia

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lean Lim ◽  
Gavin W. Jones ◽  
Charles Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Moderate Pace ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Malaysian Chinese ◽  
Effect Of Age

SummaryFertility in Peninsular Malaysia has declined continuously from the late 1950s, reaching a TFR of 3735 in 1983. All ethnic groups in Malaysia have contributed to this modern demographic transition but the rate of change has been most rapid for Chinese and Indians, Malay fertility having reached a plateau in the early 1980s. The effect of age structure, marital patterns and marital fertility (by parity) on the fertility declines for each ethnic community are analysed. Continuation of current trends would lead to replacement-level fertility for Malaysian Chinese and Indians by the year 2000. Malay fertility is likely to continue to decline but at a more moderate pace.

scholarly journals Stepfamilies

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Gill Gorell Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
If Current ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
The One ◽  
Year 2000

Family life in Britain is changing daily to include more stepfamilies, which have widely differing structures with varying histories, losses, transitions and economic circumstances. Of the one in five children who currently experience separation before they are 16, over half will live in a stepfamily at some point in their lives. Of the 150 000 couples with children who divorced each year at the end of the 1980s, a further 35 000 had a subsequent divorce. For some children we need to think of step-parenting within wider processes of transition, which include relationship changes of many kinds. The National Stepfamily Association have calculated that if current trends of divorce, cohabitation, remarriage and birth continue, there will be around 2.5 million children and young adults growing up in a stepfamily by the year 2000. The true pattern of re-ordering of partnership and family life is hard to chart, since many couples second or third time around prefer to cohabit rather than to marry.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF EQUATORIAL PLASMA BUBBLES USING GPS IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY OVER PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Siti Syukriah Khamdan ◽  
Tajul Ariffin Musa ◽  
Suhaila M. Buhari
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Ionospheric Tomography ◽  
Plasma Bubbles ◽  
Equatorial Plasma Bubbles ◽  
Tomography Method

This paper presents the detection of the equatorial plasma bubbles (EPB) using the Global Positioning System (GPS) ionospheric tomography method over Peninsular Malaysia. This paper aims to investigate the capability of the GPS ionospheric tomography method in detecting the variations of the EPB over the study area. In doing so, a previous case study during post-sunset 5th April 2011 has been selected as a reference for the detection of the EPBs over the study area. It has been observed that at least three structures of the EPBs have been captured based on the rate of change total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI) from 12 UT until 19 UT. Therefore, the three-dimensional ionospheric profiles have been reconstructed over Peninsular Malaysia using the tomography method during the study period in order to capture the signature of the EPBs. In this study, the detection of the EPBs using the tomography method is based on the rate of change of electron density (ROTNe). The results from three-dimensional ionospheric tomography show only two structures of EPBs are detected during the study period. It has been observed that the ROTNe depleted up to ~-12x109el/cm. Overall, the results in this study show that the GPS ionospheric tomography capable to be utilized in detecting the variations of EPBs in support of ionospheric studies and monitoring in the Malaysian region.

scholarly journals Current trends in the development of dry cargo carriers for coastal, mixed and inland navigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (394) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Gennady V. Egorov ◽  
Alexander G. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Technical Condition ◽  
Inland Navigation ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Fleet Composition ◽  
Cargo Capacity ◽  
Steel Weight ◽  
Marine Engineering ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Shallow Water Depth

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses characteristics and technical condition of dry cargo ships of limited sea, mixed and inland navigation in order to describe a methodology that allows predicting the composition of the fleet in the medium term. Materials and methods. This study relied on the database of Marine Engineering Bureau (MEB), register books of classification societies, as well as on initial drawings for baseline designs of ships under consideration. The work followed common methods of ship theory and ship design, as well as of naval structural mechanics, analysis and statistics. Main results. A prediction is given for fleet composition and structure until the year 2030, including the ships built after the year 2000, including the newbuilding orders for years 2020–2022. Conclusion. Today, there are about 1,052 dry cargo vessels in operation, 79 % of which are "old", and 21 % were built after the year 2000. Dry-cargo vessels of Volgodonmax class are still the most popular. Due to shallow water depth, these ships cannot be made bigger, so the only way to increase their cargo capacity is to increase their block coefficient and reduce lightship displacement. The first challenge is fully solved by "super-ample" lines currently adopted by MEB for mixed-navigation vessels like RSD59, RSD62, RSD79. As for the reduction of lightship displacement, i.e. steel weight, all the attempts to improve MEB solutions on ships of other designs have so far led to the opposite result, i.e. greater metal consumption and accordingly lower cargo capacity. Thus, it has been practically established that the only way to reduce lightship weight is to apply lighter materials.

scholarly journals California Autism Prevalence by County and Race/Ethnicity: Declining Trends Among Wealthy Whites

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 4011-4021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Nevison ◽  
William Parker
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Change ◽  
County Level ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
California Department ◽  
Private Care ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
White Parents ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Autism Prevalence

Abstract County-level ASD prevalence was estimated using an age-resolved snapshot from the California Department of Developmental Services (DDS) for birth years 1993–2013. ASD prevalence increased among all children across birth years 1993–2000 but plateaued or declined thereafter among whites from wealthy counties. In contrast, ASD rates increased continuously across 1993–2013 among whites from lower income counties and Hispanics from all counties. Both white ASD prevalence and rate of change in prevalence were inversely correlated to county income from birth year 2000–2013 but not 1993–2000. These disparate trends within the dataset suggest that wealthy white parents, starting around 2000, may have begun opting out of DDS in favor of private care and/or making changes that effectively lowered their children’s risk of ASD.

Czech economy on a way back to growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Janáček ◽  
Martin Čihák ◽  
Marie Frýdmanová ◽  
Tomáš Holub ◽  
Eva Zamrazilová
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Government Consumption ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Fast Removal

The paper contains an analysis of the current trends in the Czech economy, and a short-term outlook for 2000. The authors claim that the economy is going through a gradual turn from recession to stagnation and to a slight recovery. The main factors of the turn toward revival are exports, followed by private household consumption, while government consumption contributed only slightly to the increase of domestic demand. The authors see the main potential risk for the year 2000 in the need to stabilise economic growth and achieve its further acceleration. The success will mainly depend on a fast removal of financial barriers which the majority of Czech firms is now facing. Further inflow of foreign capital, growing competition pressures in the financial sector, the growth of exports, and a gradual increase of domestic demand are likely to help to overcome these barriers.

scholarly journals Trends in qualitative research in language teaching since 2000

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Richards
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Published Research

This paper reviews developments in qualitative research in language teaching since the year 2000, focusing on its contributions to the field and identifying issues that emerge. Its aims are to identify those areas in language teaching where qualitative research has the greatest potential and indicate what needs to be done to further improve the quality of its contribution. The paper begins by highlighting current trends and debates in the general area of qualitative research and offering a working definition of the term. At its core is an overview of developments in the new millennium based on the analysis of papers published in 15 journals related to the field of language teaching and a more detailed description, drawn from a range of sources, of exemplary contributions during that period. Issues of quality are also considered, using illustrative cases to point to aspects of published research that deserve closer attention in future work, and key publications on qualitative research practice are reviewed.

Changing Tastes? The Evolution of Dining Out in England

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Warde
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Population Cohort ◽  
Eating Out

This article, based on “Changing Tastes: The Effects of Eating Out,” the Annual Distinguished Lecture at SOAS Food Studies Centre given on March 21, 2018, focuses on change and continuity in the practice of dining out in England between 1995 and 2015. After briefly describing a restudy in three cities—Bristol, London, and Preston—the article investigates two tendencies that have progressed over the twenty-year period: familiarization and diversification. Dining out has become more common but at the same time variety has increased, allowing the expression of taste in the form of cultural omnivorousness. Behind these patterns can be found a small number of principles which steer the practice of dining out, ones shared almost universally but observed in different ways and to different degrees by sections of the population. Cohort, class, ethnicity, and location are important sources of differentiation, but almost everyone is subject to and influenced by similar imperatives to experience variety, feel comfortable, and display adequate practical knowledge. It is concluded that the rate of change has been relatively slow and that major current trends have been in train since the 1970s.

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