Measuring the impact of health interventions on mortality in developing countries: why bother?

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (S10) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Graham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Current State ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Measuring the mortality impact of health interventions is not straightforward; there is now ample evidence of this. So why bother? Clearly, the utility, sensibility and feasibility of measuring the mortality impact of health interventions depend on many factors, which makes it difficult to offer simple prescriptions. The failure of those demanding measurement to appreciate this has led, on the one hand, to the proliferation of largely unsubstantiated claims on the achievements of health interventions and, on the other hand, to disillusionment about the prospects of demonstrating any impact on mortality. It is not difficult to account for the complexity of this area nor the current state of uncertainty. Progress has largely reflected developments in its three components—mortality measurement, health research and programme evaluation. It is thus not surprising to find the almost exclusive emphasis on measuring impact on infant and child mortality; in developing countries, child health is given a high priority in the allocation of resources by governments and donor agencies, and the techniques for estimating child mortality are generally more advanced.

Trademarks in Developing Countries

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The concern with the impact of industrial property legislation and practices on the developing countries, at both the national and international levels, has so far been confined almost entirely to patents and patent-related transactions. This focus on the protection of knowledge concerning production processes reflects, on the one hand, a preoccupation with the terms and conditions which owners of technology may be able to obtain for its sale or lease, when their proprietary position is reinforced by legal instruments; and on the other hand, a recognition that unless the developing countries can themselves control the generation of a significant proportion of the technology they employ, it is unlikely either that appropriate technology will be produced, or that good use will be made of what is already available and relevant.

scholarly journals The impact of the IASB project ‘Better communication in financial reporting’ on financial statements – selected issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-76
Author(s):  
Mariusz Karwowski
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current State ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infor Mation ◽  
Judg Ments

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to indicate the possible impact of the IASB project ‘Better communication in financial reporting’ on the presentation and disclosure of infor-mation in financial statements. Methodology/approach: On the one hand, the current state is presented (the basis was the project ‘Better communication in financial reporting’); on the other hand, value judg-ments were formulated regarding the proposed changes. The empirical study, which was based on content analysis, covered entities included in the WIG30. Findings: ‘Better communication in financial reporting’, in particular, IFRS X, will pri-marily affect the choice of the classification of expenses in the operating category of the profit or loss statement, as well as disclosure of management performance measures. Originality/value: The indication of the possible impact of the project ‘Better communication in financial reporting’ on the presentation and disclosure of information in the financial statements, which is unexplored so far. Keywords: primary financial statements, presentation, notes, disclosure, taxonomy, IFRS.

scholarly journals Covid-19 pandemic in central Asia: policy and environmental implications and responses for SMES support in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05027
Author(s):  
Konstantin Kurpayanidi ◽  
Alisher Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

Today the economy of Uzbekistan, as well as the majority of other countries of the world, is developing in conditions of uncertainty. On the one hand, it is associated with the consequences of new coronavirus pandemic, and on the other - with the introduction of forced restrictions, which hinder business development. This article deals with the necessity to provide financial support to business during the coronavirus pandemic in developing countries. It shows the impact of measures to support small and medium enterprises on economic development. Finally, it outlines recommendations for additional interventions and further research.

The Development of Agritourism in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the Light of International and National Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Mariola Tracz ◽  
Małgorzata Bajgier-Kowalska ◽  
Radosław Uliszak
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
District Offices ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Podkarpackie Voivodeship is one of the regions of Poland in which the number of agritourism entities is very high. Therefore tourism plays a significant role in its development strategy. The aim of the paper is to identify the current state of agritourism and the changes that have occurred in the region in the years 2000–2016. Specific objectives are to determine the distribution of agritourism farms and their offer, together with a comprehensive analysis of the environmental and socio-economic factors, as well as the impact of the Slovak-Ukrainian border. The report was developed on the statistical materials from the Polish Central Statistical Office, Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Centre in Boguchwała and data collected from municipalities and district offices that is published on their websites, as well as through interviews with 100 owners of agritourism farms in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The research has shown, on the one hand, the decline in the number of farms in the region and, on the other hand, the increase in the diversity of the tourist offer of these entities. Distribution of agritourism farms is closely linked to the attractiveness of natural environment and quality of secondary tourism resources. Traditional agritourism has not yet fully used its countryside, as well as cross-border advantages of its location.

Laughter on the Fringes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Peterson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
Treasure Trove ◽  
Old Comedy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This book examines the impact that Athenian Old Comedy had on Greek writers of the Imperial era. It is generally acknowledged that Imperial-era Greeks responded to Athenian Old Comedy in one of two ways: either as a treasure trove of Atticisms, or as a genre defined by and repudiated for its aggressive humor. Worthy of further consideration, however, is how both approaches, and particularly the latter one that relegated Old Comedy to the fringes of the literary canon, led authors to engage with the ironic and self-reflexive humor of Aristophanes, Eupolis, and Cratinus. Authors ranging from serious moralizers (Plutarch and Aelius Aristides) to comic writers in their own right (Lucian, Alciphron), to other figures not often associated with Old Comedy (Libanius) adopted aspects of the genre to negotiate power struggles, facilitate literary and sophistic rivalries, and provide a model for autobiographical writing. To varying degrees, these writers wove recognizable features of the genre (e.g., the parabasis, its agonistic language, the stage biographies of the individual poets) into their writings. The image of Old Comedy that emerges from this time is that of a genre in transition. It was, on the one hand, with the exception of Aristophanes’s extant plays, on the verge of being almost completely lost; on the other hand, its reputation and several of its most characteristic elements were being renegotiated and reinvented.

Summary of the current state of the pathogenesis of glaucoma

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 839-845
Author(s):  
V. P. Roshchin
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Current State ◽  
Constant State ◽  
The One

The problem of glaucoma has, for many reasons, occupied and continues to occupy a prominent place in the ophthalmic press. It is enough to recall that 19% of all blind people owe their misfortune to glaucoma to understand why interest in this affliction has never faded among ophthalmologists. Furthermore, no ophthalmologist is quite sure that a certain method of treatment, even if the patient has timely applied for medical attention, can definitely prevent a sad outcome in every single case. This plus the absence of a unified and correct view of the essence of glaucoma keeps ophthalmologists in a constant state of flux, constantly striving to uncover the hidden springs of the disease process on the one hand, and to find a more radical means to combat it on the other.

The ‘Zen’ in the western monochrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Simon Morley
Keyword(s):  
Zen Buddhism ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Painting ◽  
The Impact

I look at the impact of Zen Buddhism on western painters during the 1950s and 1960s, focusing on the monochrome in particular, in order to create a historical context for the consideration of transcultural dialogue in relation to contemporary painting. I argue that a consideration of Zen can offer a ‘middle way’ between conceptions of the monochrome (and art in general) often hobbled by models of interpretation that function within a binary opposition between ‘literalist/sensory’ on the one hand, and ‘intellectual/non-sensory’ readings on the other.

scholarly journals Inscriptiones Graecae Between Present and Future

Axon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Funke
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Workshop Report ◽  
Current State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
The One

In the first part of my ‘workshop report’, I will provide information about the current state of the epigraphical editions of the Inscriptiones Graecae. Subsequently, I will focus on the plans for the upcoming years. In this context, questions pertaining to epigraphic research in new geographic regions, on the one hand, and the revision of past editions, on the other hand, are paramount. In the second part of my report, I will outline the current state and future perspectives of the digitisation of the IG.

scholarly journals Setting Boundaries to Solidarity: Explaining Danish and Swedish asylum policy divergences, 1989-2001

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Winkens
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Asylum Policy ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Political Perceptions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Welfare State

This thesis seeks to answer the question 'when, how, and why the Danish asylum system become more restrictive than the Swedish one between 1989 and 2001'. In the analysis of these reasons, a particular emphasis is placed on the different political perceptions of both countries’ welfare philosophies on the one hand, and their political culture on the other. The influence of anti-immigration parties on mainstream political culture is an important part of this analysis. Through a distinction between border and integration policy, it becomes clear that the Danish asylum policy becomes more restrictive in the second half of the 1990s, because of its focus on cultural integration as a duty to the welfare state. The thesis concludes with a discussion regarding the impact of (neoliberal) economic changes on solidarity within political culture.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diabetes on Hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Vafaei-Nezhad ◽  
Masood Vafaei-Nezhad ◽  
Mehri Shadi ◽  
Samira Ezi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Maternal Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders resulting an increased risk of abnormalities in the developing fetus and offspring. It is estimated that the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy among women in developing countries is approximately 4.5 percent and this range varies between 1 to 14 percent in different societies. According to earlier studies, diabetes during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal and child mortality and morbidity as well as major congenital anomalies including central nervous system (CNS) in their offspring. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that infants of diabetic women are at risk of having neurodevelopmental sequelae. Previous studies reveal that the offspring of diabetic mothers exhibit disturbances in behavioral and intellectual functioning. In the examination of cognitive functioning, a poorer performance was observed in the children born to diabetic mothers when compared with the children of non-diabetic mothers. Therefore, it is important to study the possible effects of maternal diabetes on the hippocampus of these infants.

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