scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF RISK OF HIV/AIDS AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN KENYA

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRISCILLA A. AKWARA ◽  
NYOVANI JANET MADISE ◽  
ANDREW HINDE
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Hiv Aids

The association between perception of risk of HIV infection and sexual behaviour remains poorly understood, although perception of risk is considered to be the first stage towards behavioural change from risk-taking to safer behaviour. Using data from the 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, logistic regression models were fitted to examine the direction and the strength of the association between perceived risk of HIV/AIDS and risky sexual behaviour in the last 12 months before the survey. The findings indicate a strong positive association between perceived risk of HIV/AIDS and risky sexual behaviour for both women and men. Controlling for sociodemographic, sexual exposure and knowledge factors such as age, marital status, education, work status, residence, ethnicity, source of AIDS information, specific knowledge of AIDS, and condom use to avoid AIDS did not change the direction of the association, but altered its strength slightly. Young and unmarried women and men were more likely than older and married ones to report risky sexual behaviour. Ethnicity was significantly associated with risky sexual behaviour, suggesting a need to identify the contextual and social factors that influence behaviour among Kenyan people.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing HIV/AIDS and Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Learners in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelonomi F. Malga ◽  
Boitumelo Marilyn Setlalentoa ◽  
Choja Oduaran ◽  
Nopasika Maforah
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS is a global health concern and young people are more at risk of being infected. The explored factors that contribute to HIV/AIDS and risky sexual behaviour among learners aged 12-18 years in Vuyolwethu High School. The study focused on learners who were in Grade 10-12. This study employed a mixed method research. Quantitative phase was limited to learners while the qualitative phase focused on life-orientation teachers. The total study sample is 150, and the gender distribution is equally distributed at 50% for both males and females. The dominating age and grade among respondents is age 17-18 years and grade 11. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive analyses while thematic analysis is employed for analysis of qualitative data. Overall, about 51.3% of the respondents strongly agreed that engaging in sexual intercourse without protection is risky, and that unprotected sexual activity can lead to unwanted sexual encounters, unwanted teenage pregnancy and HIV/AIDS. Similarly, substance abuse is found to be a key factor that influences risky sexual behaviour among adolescents, thus resulting to unwanted pregnancies and HIV/AIDS infection. The main conclusion drawn from the findings is that while adolescents seem to be knowledgeable on the factors that contribute to risky sexual behaviour, this knowledge does not lead to attitude change. It is therefore recommended, based on the study’s findings, that there should be more focused training programmes directed not only at knowledge but also attitude and behaviour change.

scholarly journals Perception of risk for hypertension and overweight/obesity in Cape Coast, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Derek A. Tuoyire ◽  
Sarah McNair ◽  
Samuel A. Debrah ◽  
Rosemary B. Duda
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Weight Outcomes

Background: This study examined the association between perception of risk for hypertension and overweight/obesity.Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based surveySetting: Out-patient department of the Central Regional Hospital in Cape Coast, Ghana Participants: Adult men and women at least 18 years oldInterventions: NoneMain outcome measures: Perception of risk for hypertension, overweight/obesityResults: About 39% of the participants (N=400) were found to be overweight/obese, with disproportionally higher rates among women (50%) than men (28%). Results of the binary logistic regression models revealed a strong positive association (OR = 2.21, 95% CI =1.23, 3.96) between perception of risk for hypertension and overweight/obesity. Increasing age, high television exposure, female gender and being in a relationship were also noted to be associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for the design of programmes to help individuals appreciate the reality of weight-related health risks, as well as the need to embrace lifestyles that promote healthy weight outcomes. Funding: Harvard Medical School Travelling Fellowship, Scholars in Medicine Office, Harvard Medical SchoolKeywords: overweight, obesity, risk, perception, hypertension, Cape Coast, Ghana

Intergenerational transmission of ethnic identity in mixed native couples in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-123
Author(s):  
Ognjen Obućina ◽  
Jan Saarela
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Ethnic Affiliation ◽  
First Child ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Using Data

The aim of this study is to analyse the factors determining the ethnic affiliation of children born to interethnic native couples in Finland, using data from couples with one Finnish-speaking and one Swedish-speaking partner, between 1988 and 2014. In addition to individual characteristics of each partner and contextual factors, we also consider the role of couple characteristics. We look at the affiliation of the first child, as well as the combined affiliation of the first two children, in order to analyse how often children from the same parents are affiliated to different ethnicities. Around 60% of first- and second-born children of interethnic couples born between 1988 and 2014 were affiliated to the Swedish-speaking minority. The affiliation of the second child seldom differs from that of the first. Children of mixed couples with a Swedish mother are more likely to be affiliated to the Swedish-speaking community. Boys are more likely than girls to be affiliated to the father’s community, and vice versa. In line with our expectations based on ethnic awareness, preference for cultural plurality and parental aspirations, the multivariate analysis shows a strong positive association between parental education level and the likelihood of the first child being Swedish speaking. The analysis also indicates that bargaining is not an important strategy when choosing a child’s ethnic identity.

Political Inequality among Youth

Young ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-504
Author(s):  
Aleš Kudrnáč ◽  
Pat Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Climate ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Political Inequality ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Compensation Hypothesis

This study explores what factors help explain why some young people have more internal political efficacy (IPE) than others. IPE refers to subjective competence to understand politics and make informed choices. IPE is important because it has a strong positive association with many forms of political participation and also enhances the legitimacy of democratic regimes. Consequently, IPE forms part of the foundations of political equality. Using data from the Czech Republic and insights from personal information, social resource and social learning models (SLMs), this study shows that variation in youth IPE is most strongly linked with discussions among family, friends and classmates. In contrast to previous work, open classroom climate was not found to have a positive link with IPE, and Campbell’s (2008, Political Behavior 30(4): 437–54) compensation hypothesis could not be accepted.

AIDS awareness and sexual behaviour in a high HIV prevalence area in rural northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
T K Hartung ◽  
J Nash ◽  
N Ngubane ◽  
V G Fredlund
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Aids Awareness ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hiv Aids

The objective was to assess AIDS awareness and sexual behaviour in a rural South African community with a high HIV prevalence. One hundred clinic attenders underwent a structured interview using a standard questionnaire. Although the 64 female and 36 male patients, mean age 22 (range 13–45), had good knowledge of AIDS-related issues, only 50 perceived HIV/AIDS as a common problem. Of the 75 patients who were sexually active only 30 (40%) used condoms (men 16; 55% vs women 14; 30%, P = 0.033) despite being better informed about the protective effect of condoms (active 61; 81% vs abstinent 14; 56%, P = 0.011). More men than women admitted to multiple sexual partners (17; 47% vs 7; 11%, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, despite a high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS issues, self-perceived risk was low, condom use was infrequent and especially men continued to have multiple sexual partners. Awareness has yet to translate into reduction of risk behaviour.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections among young patients at two general outpatient clinics in Southwest, Nigeria: Assessment of knowledge and risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Olorunsola Abimbola ◽  
Adegoke Adedokun
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles

Background: Sexually transmitted infections are one of the health outcomes of risky sexual behaviour and they constitute health burdens among young population. The study assessed the knowledge, prevalence and contributing factors for sexually transmitted infections among young patients seen at two general outpatient clinics.Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional design using a sample size of 370 unmarried young patients that were sexually active. Quantitative data was obtained using structured questionnaires and samples were taken to determine the causative organisms of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Analysis was done with SPSS, chi-square was used to test for association between STI and influencing factors and statistical level of significance was set at 5%. Results: General knowledge assessment showed 90.3% of the respondents knew STIs. Specific STI knowledge showed HIV/AIDS was known by 88.9% and chancroid by 14%. About 26% of the respondent presented with itch, 22.1% with vaginal discharge and 5.9% with swelling on the perineum. Organisms identified were Candida albicans (47%), Non-gonococcal urethritis (17.7%) and the least was Herpes 21.96%. Prevalence of STI was significantly associated with risky sexual behaviour (÷ = 8.437; p = 2 20.004), tertiary education (÷ = 5.330; p= 0.021) and poor family functioning (÷ = 5.507; p=0.005).Conclusion: Sexually transmitted infection was associated with risky sexual behaviour, education on behavioural change towards safe sexual practice is a tool that can help prevent the spread of the infection.   French title: Infections sexuellement transmissibles chez les jeunes patients dans deux cliniques générales ambulatoires dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria : Évaluation des connaissances et des facteurs de risque Contexte général de l'étude : Les infections sexuellement transmissibles sont l'un des effets sur la santé des comportements sexuels à risque et elles constituent un fardeau pour la santé de la population jeune. L'étude a évalué les connaissances, la prévalence et les facteurs contributifs des infections sexuellement transmissibles chez les jeunes patients vus dans deux cliniques ambulatoires générales.Méthode de l'étude : L'étude a adopté une conception transversale en utilisant un échantillon de 370 jeunes patients célibataires qui étaient sexuellement actifs. Des données quantitatives ont été obtenues à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré et des échantillons ont été prélevés pour déterminer les organismes responsables des infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST). L'analyse a été effectuée avec SPSS, le test du chi carré a été utilisé pour tester l'association entre les IST et les facteurs d'influence et le niveau de signification statistique a été fixé à 5 %.Résultat de l'étude: L'évaluation des connaissances générales a montré que 90,3 % des répondants connaissaient les IST. Les connaissances spécifiques sur les ISTont montré que le VIH/SIDAétait connu à 88,9 % et le chancre mou à 14 %. Environ 26 % des répondantes présentaient des démangeaisons, 22,1 % des pertes vaginales et 5,9 % un gonflement du périnée. Les organismes identifiés étaient le Candida albicans (47 %), l'urétrite non gonococcique (17,7 %) et le moins était l'herpès 1,96 %. La prévalence des IST était significativement associée aux comportements sexuels à risque (÷ 2 = 8,437 ; p = 0,004), à l'enseignement supérieur (÷ 2 = 5,330 ; p = 0,021) et au mauvais fonctionnement de la famille (÷2 = 5,507 ; p = 0,005).Conclusion : Les infections sexuellement transmissibles étaient associées à des comportements sexuels à risque, l'éducation sur le changement de comportement vers une pratique sexuelle sans risque est un outil qui peut aider à prévenir la propagation de l'infection.

scholarly journals Does Having Comprehensive HIV and AIDS Knowledge Affect the Risky Sexual Behaviour of Young People in Sub – Saharan Africa: Pooled Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwamena Sekyi Dickson ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Kenneth Setorwu Adde ◽  
Joshua Okyere ◽  
Felicia Commey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Risky sexual behaviours (RSB) include all those behaviours such as multiple sexual unions, inconsistent use of condoms, or having sex under the influence of stimulants which have a greater propensity to exacerbate an individual’s vulnerability to unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. This study explores the relationship between comprehensive knowledge on HIV and RSB among young people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2010 and 2018 in 28 SSA countries. These countries were chosen because they had complete information on the variables of interest for both males and females. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted.Results: It was found that 54.4% of young women and 40.0% of young men engaged in RSB. This ranged from 16.1% in Lesotho to 91.6% in Sierra Leone among young women and 17.1% in Namibia to 80.5% in Sierra Leone among young men. We also found that young men [AOR=0.78, CI=0.73–0.84] and women [AOR=0.92, CI=0.87–0.98] who had comprehensive HIV and AIDS knowledge had lower odds of engaging in RSB compared to those who did not have comprehensive HIV and AIDS knowledge.Conclusion: The study showed a low level of comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS in SSA and a gap in the proportion of young males and females regarding comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS. Risky sexual behaviour varied by sex. This reflected in a higher proportion of young females (54.5%) indulging in RSB as compared to young males (40.0%). Our findings also revealed that comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS influences risky sexual behaviour of young people. Age, level of education, place of residence, wealth status, exposure to radio, television, and newspaper or magazine have a significant relationship with RSB. These findings infer the need for targeted messages and interventions for the various categories of young people in SSA with relevant information on comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Determinants Of Risk Tolerance In The Baby Boomer Cohort

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Gilliam ◽  
Swarn Chatterjee ◽  
Dandan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Using data from 26,759 respondents, this study examined the differences in financial risk tolerance among leading baby boomers and trailing baby boomers. The study also investigated differences between these two sub-cohorts in perceived risk tolerance and measured risk tolerance as determined by the FinaMetrica Risk Profiling System. The results of this study found that leading boomers were less risk tolerant than trailing boomers. Variables with a positive association with risk tolerance for both groups include higher educational attainment, income, net worth, and gender with men having higher risk tolerance than women. There was dissimilarity between married for leading boomer and trailing boomer. Being marred was negatively associated with risk tolerance for leading boomers and positive for trailing boomers. It was also found that leading boomers, those with less educational attainment, lower income earners and those with a greater number of financial dependents tend to underestimate their risk tolerance.</span></span></p>

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