scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION, SOMATOTYPE AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN CHILEAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AT DIFFERENT SCHOOL LEVELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Lizana ◽  
Sofia González ◽  
Lydia Lera ◽  
Bárbara Leyton
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThis study examined the association between body composition, somatotype and socioeconomic status (SES) in Chilean children and adolescents by sex and school level (grade). The cross-sectional study was conducted on 1168 schoolchildren aged 6–18 years (572 males) from Valparaíso, Chile. Body composition, as assessed by percentage body fat (BF%) and somatotype, was evaluated using Ellis equations and the Heath–Carter method, respectively. The socioeconomic status of respondents was assessed using the ESOMAR survey. Obesity was defined as BF% ≥25 for boys and ≥30 for girls; ‘high endomorph’ somatotype was defined as a somatotype endomorph component (EC) of at least 5.5. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between high adiposity and SES, potential confounding factors and school level. In females, the results indicated that the groups with lower SES had higher EC. At the 1st(youngest) school level (1–4thgrades), males exhibited similar trends in their BF% and EC. High adiposity was associated with the female sex (BF%: OR=3.39; 95% CI 2.60, 4.41; high EC: OR=2.31; 95% CI 1.80, 2.98). In addition, low SES increased the risk of high adiposity compared with high SES (BF%: OR=2.25; 95% CI 1.40, 3.61; high EC: OR=2.19; 95% CI 1.37, 3.47). An association was observed between increased adiposity and lower SES, mainly in females, which indicates that females with low SES might be at greater risk of obesity.

scholarly journals Sex, Smoking, and Socioeconomic Status Are Associated with Body Composition among Tuberculosis Patients in a Deuterium Dilution Cross-Sectional Study in Mwanza, Tanzania

2013 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
George PrayGod ◽  
Nyagosya Range ◽  
Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen ◽  
Kidola Jeremiah ◽  
Maria Faurholt-Jepsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Deuterium Dilution

scholarly journals Neck circumference and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e016048 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Castro-Piñero ◽  
Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso ◽  
Luis Gracia-Marco ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveEarly detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals’ health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain.Participants2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1–4 and 7–10.MeasuresPubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated.ResultsNC was positively correlated with all anthropometric and body composition indices. NC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R2=0.231, p<0.001 for boys; R2=0.018, p<0.001 for girls) and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin, adiponectin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R2from 0.035 to 0.353, p<0.01 for boys; R2from 0.024 to 0.215, p<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein, LDL-c and visfatin only in boys (R2from 0.013 to 0.107, p<0.05).ConclusionNC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status and pulmonary function, transition from childhood to adulthood: cross-sectional results from the polish part of the HAPIEE study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e022638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Polak ◽  
Krystyna Szafraniec ◽  
Magdalena Kozela ◽  
Renata Wolfshaut-Wolak ◽  
Martin Bobak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Downward Social Mobility

ObjectivePrevious studies have reported inverse associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and lung function, but less is known about whether pulmonary function is affected by SES changes. We aimed to describe the relationship of changes of SES between childhood and adulthood with pulmonary function.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsThe study sample included 4104 men and women, aged 45–69 years, residents of Krakow, participating in the Polish part of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe Project.Main outcomeForced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were assessed by the standardised spirometry procedure. Participants were classified into three categories of SES (low, moderate or high) based on information on parent’s education, housing standard during childhood, own education, employment status, household amenities and financial status.ResultsThe adjusted difference in mean FVC between persons with low and high adulthood SES was 100 mL (p=0.005) in men and 100 mL (p<0.001) in women; the differences in mean FEV1were 103 mL (p<0.001) and 80 mL (p<0.001), respectively. Upward social mobility and moderate or high SES at both childhood and adulthood were related to significantly higher FEV1and FVC compared with low SES at both childhood and adulthood or downward social mobility.ConclusionsLow SES over a life course was associated with the lowest lung function. Downward social mobility was associated with a poorer pulmonary function, while upward mobility or life course and moderate or high SES were associated with a better pulmonary function.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of the association of body composition and physical fitness with bone status in children and adolescents from 11 to 16 years old

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Marques de Moraes ◽  
Ezequiel Moreira Gonçalves ◽  
Vinicius Justino de Oliveira Barbeta ◽  
Gil Guerra-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bone Status

scholarly journals Body fatness or anthropometry for assessment of unhealthy weight status? Comparison between methods in South African children and adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Craig ◽  
John Reilly ◽  
Ruth Bland
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Unhealthy Weight

AbstractObjectiveA variety of methods are available for defining undernutrition (thinness/underweight/under-fat) and overnutrition (overweight/obesity/over-fat). The extent to which these definitions agree is unclear. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess agreement between widely used methods of assessing nutritional status in children and adolescents, and to examine the benefit of body composition estimates.DesignThe main objective of the cross-sectional study was to assess underweight, overweight and obesity using four methods: (i) BMI-for-age using WHO (2007) reference data; (ii) BMI-for-age using Cole et al. and International Obesity Taskforce cut-offs; (iii) weight-for-age using the National Centre for Health Statistics/WHO growth reference 1977; and (iv) body fat percentage estimated by bio-impedance (body fat reference curves for children of McCarthy et al., 2006). Comparisons were made between methods using weighted kappa analyses.SettingRural South Africa.SubjectsIndividuals (n 1519) in three age groups (school grade 1, mean age 7 years; grade 5, mean age 11 years; grade 9, mean age 15 years).ResultsIn boys, prevalence of unhealthy weight status (both under- and overnutrition) was much higher at all ages with body fatness measures than with simple anthropometric proxies for body fatness; agreement between fatness and weight-based measures was fair or slight using Landis and Koch categories. In girls, prevalence of unhealthy weight status was also higher with body fatness than with proxies, although agreement between measures ranged from fair to substantial.ConclusionsMethods for defining under- and overnutrition should not be considered equivalent. Weight-based measures provide highly conservative estimates of unhealthy weight status, possibly more conservative in boys. Simple body composition measures may be more informative than anthropometry for nutritional surveillance of children and adolescents.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of socioeconomic status and sickness presenteeism in Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Masuda ◽  
Tomohiro Ishimaru ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Seiichiro Tateishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Financial Instability ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sickness Presenteeism ◽  
Japanese Workers ◽  
The Relationship

Background: We examined the relationship between socioeconomic and health status, and lifestyle habits and sickness presenteeism among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study using Internet monitors was conducted in December, 2020 in Japan. Of 33,302 survey participants, we analysed 27,036 (13,814 males and 13,222 females) who reported experience with sickness presenteeism. Results: The OR of sickness presenteeism associated with unmarried versus married status was 1.15. Respective figures for other variables were 1.11 for manual laboring work compared to desk work; 1.79 and 2.29 for loss of employment at the time the pandemic began and continuation of unemployment compared to maintaining employment during the pandemic; and 3.34 for a feeling of financial instability compared to stability. Conclusion: The issue of sickness presenteeism has been highlighted by COVID-19.

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