SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND ADVERSE BIRTH OUTCOMES: A POPULATION-BASED CANADIAN SAMPLE

SummaryThis study assessed the strength of the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) in Southwestern Ontario. Utilizing perinatal and neonatal databases at the London Health Science Centre, maternal postal codes were entered into a Geographic Information System to determine home neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods were defined by dissemination areas (DAs). Median household income for each DA was extracted from the latest Canadian Census and linked to each mother. All singleton infants born between February 2009 and February 2014 were included. Of 26,654 live singleton births, 6.4% were LBW and 9.7% were PTB. Top risk factors for LBW were: maternal amphetamine use, chronic hypertension and maternal marijuana use (OR respectively: 17.51, 3.18, 2.72); previously diagnosed diabetes, maternal narcotic use and insulin-controlled gestational diabetes predicted PTB (OR respectively: 17.95, 2.69, 2.42). Overall, SES had little impact on adverse birth outcomes, although low maternal education increased the likelihood of a LBW neonate (OR: 1.01).

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Neighbourhood socioeconomic status, maternal education and adverse birth outcomes among mothers living near highways

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech.2007.066167 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (8) ◽

pp. 695-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

M Genereux ◽

N Auger ◽

M Goneau ◽

M Daniel

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status

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Maternal Sociodemographic Factors and Antenatal Stress

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6812

Author(s):

Maheshwari Andhavarapu ◽

James Orwa ◽

Marleen Temmerman ◽

Joseph Wangira Musana

Keyword(s):

Birth Outcomes ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Household Income ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Negative Association ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Biological Stress ◽

Antenatal Stress

Antenatal stress has been associated with adverse birth outcomes such as fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Understanding key determinants of stress in a vulnerable pregnant population has the potential of informing development of targeted cost-effective interventions to mitigate against these adverse birth outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 150 pregnant women attending antenatal care services at a rural referral hospital in Kenya. The participants completed a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and gave a hair sample for cortisol and cortisone analysis. The association between selected sociodemographic predictors (age, parity, marital status, maternal education, household income, polygyny, and intimate partner violence) and outcomes (hair cortisol, hair cortisone, and PSS score) was examined using univariate, bivariate and multivariate models. We found a negative association between PSS scores and household income (β = −2.40, p = 0.016, 95% CI = −4.36, −0.45). There was a positive association of the ratio of hair cortisone to cortisol with Adolescent age group (β = 0.64, p = 0.031, 95% CI = 0.06, 1.22), and a negative association with Cohabitation (β = −1.21, p = 0.009, 95% CI = −2.11, −0.31). We conclude that household income influenced psychological stress in pregnancy. Adolescence and cohabitation may have an influence on biological stress, but the nature of this effect is unclear.

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The association between household socio-economic status, maternal socio-demographic characteristics and adverse birth and infant growth outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174419000680 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 317-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christian Bwangandu Ngandu ◽

Douglas Momberg ◽

Ansuyah Magan ◽

Lumbwe Chola ◽

Shane A. Norris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Outcomes ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

Infant Growth ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Sub Saharan

AbstractAdverse birth outcomes and infant undernutrition remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Impaired infant growth and development, which often begins during foetal development, may persist during the first 2 years of life and has been associated with higher risks of cardiometabolic diseases. This systematic review assessed the associations between maternal demographic characteristics and household socio-economic status (SES), and preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age, low birth weight (LBW), stunting, wasting and underweight in children under 2 years of age in SSA countries. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched for publications in three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect). Eleven studies on children under 2 years of age, in four SSA regions, published in English between 1990 and 2018, were included. All the studies were observational in design (cross-sectional or cohort studies). Maternal education was the most commonly explored exposure. Most studies (63.3%) focused on undernutrition during the first 2 years of life: LBW, PTB and stunting. Lower maternal education, maternal unemployment and lower household wealth index were the SES factors most commonly associated with adverse birth outcomes and infant undernutrition. Maternal marital status was not associated with any infant outcomes. The definitions of the SES varied, which may explain discrepancies between studies. Nutrition intervention programs in SSA need to promote education and poverty alleviation in women at reproductive age, starting from pre-pregnancy, to optimise infant growth and development and prevent the increase in the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases.

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Maternal risk factors and adverse birth outcomes associated with HELLP syndrome: a population‐based study

BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ◽

10.1111/1471-0528.16225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 127 (10) ◽

pp. 1189-1198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Lisonkova ◽

N Razaz ◽

Y Sabr ◽

GM Muraca ◽

A Boutin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Hellp Syndrome ◽

Population Based ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Maternal Risk

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Maternal education and adverse birth outcomes among immigrant women to the United States from Eastern Europe: A test of the healthy migrant hypothesis

Social Science & Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.041 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 429-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

T. Janevic ◽

D.A. Savitz ◽

M. Janevic

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Immigrant Women ◽

The United States ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes

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Subsequent Higher Education After Adolescent Depression: A 15-Year Follow-Up Register Study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.01.016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 396-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

U. Jonsson ◽

H. Bohman ◽

A. Hjern ◽

L. von Knorring ◽

G. Olsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

School Performance ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Population Based ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Early School

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent depression has been shown to have a range of adverse outcomes. We used longitudinal data to investigate subsequent higher education in former depressed adolescents.MethodA Swedish population-based investigation of depression in 16–17-year-olds was followed up in national registers 15 years later. Adolescents with depression (n = 361, 78% females) were compared to a group of non-depressed peers of the same age (n = 248, 77% females). The main outcome was graduation from higher education by age 30.ResultsThe adolescent with depression were less likely than their non-depressed peers to have graduated from higher education by age 30, both regarding females (27.7% vs. 36.4%, p < .05) and males (12.7% vs. 28.6%, p < .05). After adjustment for early school performance, socioeconomic status and maternal education, the decreased likelihood of subsequent graduation from higher education remained for depressed males (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.93) but not for depressed females (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.58–1.49).ConclusionContrary to what previous research has suggested, adolescent depression and its consequences might be particularly destructive to subsequent higher education in males.

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Birth and Neonatal Outcomes following Opioid Use in Pregnancy: A Danish Population-Based Study

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment ◽

10.4137/sart.s23547 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9s2 ◽

pp. SART.S23547 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mette Nørgaard ◽

Malene Schou Nielsson ◽

Uffe Heide-Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Congenital Malformations ◽

Maintenance Treatment ◽

Population Based ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Opioid Maintenance Treatment ◽

Opioid Substitution Treatment ◽

Gestational Week

Background Few population-based data exist on birth outcomes in women who received opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy. We therefore examined adverse birth outcomes in women exposed to methadone or buprenorphine during pregnancy and the risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) among neonates exposed to buprenorphine, methadone, and/or heroin in utero. Patients and Methods This study included all female Danish residents with a live birth or a stillbirth from 1997 to 211. We identified the study population, use of opioids and opioid substitution treatment, birth outcomes, and NAS through medical registers. Birth outcomes included preterm birth (born before 38th gestational week), low-birth weight (LBW) (<2,500 g, restricted to term births), small for gestational age (SGA) (weight <2 standard deviations from the sex- and gestational-week-specific mean), congenital malformations, and stillbirths. We used log-binomial regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) for birth outcomes. Results Among 95,172 pregnancies in a total of 571,823 women, we identified 557 pregnancies exposed to buprenorphine, methadone, and/or heroin (167 to buprenorphine, 197 to methadone, 28 to self-reported heroin, and 165 to combinations). Compared with nonexposed pregnancies, prenatal opioid use was associated with greater prevalence of preterm birth (PR of 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3–3.4)), LBW among infants born at term (PR of 4.3 (95% CI, 3.0–6.1)), and being SGA (PR of 2.7 (95% CI, 1.9–4.3)). Restricting the analyses to women who smoked slightly lowered these estimates. The prevalence of congenital malformations was 8.3% in opioid-exposed women compared with 4.2% in nonexposed women (PR of 2.0 (95% CI, 1.5–2.6)). The risk of NAS ranged from 7% in neonates exposed to buprenorphine only to 55% in neonates exposed to methadone only or to opioid combinations. Conclusion The maternal use of buprenorphine and methadone during pregnancy was associated with increased prevalence of adverse birth outcomes, and this increase could only be explained to a smaller extent by increased prevalence of smoking. The risk of NAS was eight-fold higher in methadone-exposed neonates than that in buprenorphine-exposed neonates, but this difference may at least partly be explained by differences in underlying indications (analgesic versus opioid maintenance treatment) between the two groups.

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Geospatial analysis of exposure to violent crime during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from São Paulo’s Western Region Birth Cohort

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33991/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Angelica Carreira dos Santos ◽

Alexandra Brentani ◽

Günther Fink

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Violent Crime ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Violence Exposure ◽

Western Region ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Violent Crimes

Abstract Background Low birth weight and prematurity remain leading causes of infant mortality and morbidity globally. Although an extensive literature has highlighted the importance of socioenvironmental characteristics for birth outcomes, the role of indirect violence on health remains fairly understudied. Methods Using geocoded birth records from the ongoing Western Region Birth Cohort ( Região Oeste Coorte – ROC-Cohort) of infants born between 2012-2014 and geocoded crime reports, we assessed the associations between exposure to violent crimes during pregnancy within a 1-km radius of mother’s residence and low birth weight, preterm delivery, and being born small-for-gestational-age. Violent crime exposure was categorized into quintiles. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between violence exposure and birth outcomes. Models were adjusted for sex, maternal age and education, socioeconomic status, and risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and drinking during pregnancy. ResultsAmong the 5,268 infants included, the average crime exposure during the first two trimesters of pregnancy ranged from 0.44 violent crimes in the least exposed quintile to 12.74 crimes in the most exposed. Compared to children with the lowest violence exposure, children in the highest exposure quintile were at higher odds of being born small-for-gestational-age (1.41[1.06-1.89]), preterm (1.35[1.01-1.80]), and low birth weight (1.42[1.03-1.98]). While socioeconomic status and maternal education were positively associated with lower violence exposure, no associations were found between these characteristics and the birth outcomes. Conclusions Higher exposure to external violent crimes in the close vicinity are associated with substantial increases in the odds of adverse birth outcomes. Policies to improve neighborhood safety can contribute not only to the short-term well-being of populations but may also have large social, economic, and health benefits in the long run.

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