Body image in relation to nutritional status in adults from the Basque Country, Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Ibáñez-Zamacona ◽  
Alaitz Poveda ◽  
Esther Rebato
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

AbstractThe aim of this research was to analyse variation in body image perception and satisfaction by age, sex and nutritional status in an adult sample from the Basque Country, Spain. A case-control study was performed for 227 women and 178 men aged 18–70 years. Stunkard’s silhouettes were used to evaluate Current Body Image (CBI) and Ideal Body Image (IBI), as well as dissatisfaction and inconsistency scores. Nutritional status was assessed following the WHO criteria for BMI in an adult population. The sample was divided into four groups based on sex and age (early adulthood <45 years, and middle/older adulthood ≥45 years). The Mann–Whitney U test was employed to evaluate sex and age differences, and the Gamma coefficient to assess the association between body image variables and nutritional status. Significant age differences in CBI (p<0.05) and sex differences in IBI (p<0.001) were detected. Both variables showed a positive association with BMI (p<0.01), which indicates that BMI is a biological characteristic related to body image satisfaction and influences participants’ perception of themselves. Dissatisfaction scores showed that both sex and age differences (p<0.05) were negatively associated with BMI (p<0.001). Only participants ≥45 years presented sex differences in inconsistency scores (p<0.05); this variable was associated with BMI in women (p<0.01). Preferences in body image showed sexual dimorphism, with women preferring thinner bodies than men – a pattern observed in many Western populations – linked in part to sociocultural pressures. Women were more dissatisfied with their bodies than men; a higher dissatisfaction was observed in older relative to younger participants. The results confirm the association between nutritional status and body size perception and satisfaction, but also the relationship between nutritional status and the reliability with which women can classify themselves; in men, this relationship was not as clear.

Does nutritional status interfere with adolescents' body image perception?

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla L. Mendonça ◽  
Ana L.L. Sousa ◽  
Carolina S. Carneiro ◽  
Flávia M.N. Nascente ◽  
Thaís I.R. Póvoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Body Image Perception

Body image perception and nutritional status among teenage students of Barreiro region in Belo Horizonte

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Marcelina Silva ◽  
Tatiana Resende Prado Rangel de Oliveira ◽  
Mariana Ribeiro de Almeida Lana
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Body Image Perception ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Sex and Age Differences on the Raven's Matrices

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagindra Persaud
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Raven’S Matrices ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

This study examined the effects of sex and age on scores on a matrices test among university and college students aged 17 to 51 yr. Sex differences in mean scores were nonsignificant. The general decline with age was linear and negative, significantly so for women ( n = 132), not for men ( n = 74). Significant decrements occurred from the age of 26 yr. upwards for women only. The findings suggest that loss of intellectual capacity on the Raven's Matrices can be attributed to age.

scholarly journals Sex differences in facial scanning: Similarities and dissimilarities between infants and adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Rennels ◽  
Andrew J. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
Facial Scanning ◽  
Sex And Age Differences ◽  
Better Than

When face processing studies find sex differences, male infants appear better at face recognition than female infants, whereas female adults appear better at face recognition than male adults. Both female infants and adults, however, discriminate emotional expressions better than males. To investigate if sex and age differences in facial scanning might account for these processing discrepancies, 3–4-month-olds, 9–10-month-olds, and adults viewed faces presented individually while an eye tracker recorded eye movements. Regardless of age, males shifted fixations between internal and external facial features more than females, suggesting more holistic processing. Females shifted fixations between internal facial features more than males, suggesting more second-order relational processing, which may explain females’ emotion discrimination advantage. Older male infants made more fixations than older female infants. Female adults made more fixations for shorter fixation durations than male adults. Male infants and female adults’ greater encoding of facial information may explain their face recognition advantage.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and Body Image Satisfaction among Adolescent Girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Anju Kayathri S ◽  
Aiswarya Mohan ◽  
Indujamol M
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction

Background: Adolescence is a phase of accelerated growth and major physical changes take place in the body. Nutritional status during the crucial period of adolescence could be a potential predictor of body image perception. Objectives: The study aimed at assessing the nutritional status and body image satisfaction among adolescent girls. Methods: Descriptive study was conducted among 135 adolescent girls of selected school, Kochi selected through random sampling method. Tools used were structured questionnaire for demographic data, BMI for age growth chart (5-19 years) Z score according to WHO and nutritional history to assess nutritional status and body image satisfaction was assessed by modified version (SF-14) of Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Data was analyzed using SPSS version. Results: Majority (63.7%) of them having normal nutritional status, 17.8 % of them were mild thinness, 8.9% were overweight 7.4% of them were showing severe thinness and only 2.2 % of them were obese. Among that majority (57.8%) had mild concern, 8.9% of them having moderate concern and 2.2% of them having marked concern regarding the body image irrespective of their BMI. And also there was highly statistically significant (p=.000) association between nutritional status and body image satisfaction. Interpretation and Conclusion: Though majority of study groups satisfied about their body image few girls felt moderate to marked concern with their nutritional status. Raising awareness of body image size and increasing body satisfaction with weight status should be established by good receptions of healthy lifestyle among girls. Keywords: nutritional status, body image satisfaction, adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Asociación de conductas alimentarias de riesgo con la percepción de la imagen corporal y composición

UVserva ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Elvia Vianey Guerrero Alcocer
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Body Image Perception ◽  
Professional Career

La presencia de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), como realizar ayunos prolongados o tomar pastillas, han aumentado su prevalencia entre la población adulta joven. Se reconoce que estas prácticas alimentarias están asociadas a la percepción de la imagen corporal (PIC), composición corporal (CC), así como la carrera profesional. Objetivo: se asoció un tamizaje de CAR con PIC, CC y formación de licenciatura. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal donde se midió peso, talla, CC, PIC y se aplicó un tamizaje de CAR. Resultados: La muestra fue conformada por 91 estudiantes de diferentes licenciaturas de nuevo ingreso, el 65% fueron mujeres. El 9.3 y 5% de mujeres y hombres respectivamente presentaron CAR. Al aplicar la prueba de percepción corporal, 25.2 de los sujetos presentaron una percepción errónea de su imagen corporal, sin asociarse al porcentaje de masa grasa o CAR. Conclusiones: no hubo diferencias en la prevalencia de CAR por licenciatura.Palabras clave: composición corporal; percepción de la imagen corporal; conductas alimentarias de riesgo; universidad; nutrición AbstractThe presence of risk eating behaviors (REB) such as fasting or taking pills has increased its prevalence among the young adult population. It is recognized that these dietary practices are associated with body image perception (BIP), body composition (BC), as well as the professional career that is chosen to study. Objective: Association between REB, BIP, BC and professional career. Materials and methods: cross-sectional study where weight, height, fat free mass, fat mass and BIP were measured, and a REB screening were applied. Results: The sample was made up of 91 students, 65% were women. Three women and two men presented REB. When applying the BIP test, 2 women with REB and two without REB perceived their body as overweight when their BMI was less than 25, without being associated with the percentage of fat mass. Conclusions: No differences were observed in the prevalence of REB by career.Keywords: body composition; body image perception; eating disorder; university; nutrition 

scholarly journals Sex and Age Differences in Body-Image, Self-Esteem, and Body Mass Index in Adolescents and Adults After Single-Ventricle Palliation

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Pike ◽  
Lorraine S. Evangelista ◽  
Lynn V. Doering ◽  
Jo-Ann Eastwood ◽  
Alan B. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Single Ventricle ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Single Ventricle Palliation ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

scholarly journals Weight status, fatness and body image perception of North African immigrant women in Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 2743-2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Gualdi-Russo ◽  
Natascia Rinaldo ◽  
Meriem Khyatti ◽  
Chérifa Lakhoua ◽  
Stefania Toselli
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
North African ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Image Perception

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the nutritional status of North African (NA) immigrant women in Italy, analysing their body size, adiposity and body image perception in comparison to Italian natives and NA residents.DesignThe study utilized a cross-sectional design. Anthropometric traits were directly measured and a few indices were computed as proxy measures of nutritional status and adiposity. Body image perception was assessed using silhouette drawings. ANCOVA, adjusted for age, was used to compare anthropometric traits among different groups of women and the χ2 test to analyse differences in the prevalence of nutritional status.SettingItaly and North Africa (Tunisia, Morocco).SubjectsA sample of 433 women aged 18–60 years old: NA immigrants (n 105); Italians (n 100); Tunisians (n 104); Moroccans (n 124).ResultsOverweight/obesity prevalence was very high in immigrants (79·8 %). Immigrants had the highest BMI value, the greatest hip circumference and mid upper-arm circumference. Their triceps skinfold thickness was significantly higher than that of Italians, but lower than that of NA residents.ConclusionsNA immigrant women in Italy showed a higher incidence of overweight compared with Italians and NA residents. All groups showed a preference for a thinner body in comparison to their actual bodies and the immigrants are the most dissatisfied. Immigrants remain a high-risk group for obesity. Assessment of their body composition and health risk profile should be improved by using specific anthropometric measures that are easy to collect even in the case of large migration flows.

scholarly journals Sex and age differences in COVID-19 mortality in Europe 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt ◽  
Martina Otavova ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sex And Age Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Aim: To examine the magnitude of sex differences in survival from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Europe across age and countries. We hypothesise that men have higher mortality than women at any given age, but that sex differences will decrease with age as only the strongest men survive to older ages.Methods: We used population data from Institut National D’Études Démographiques on cumulative deaths due to COVID-19 from February to June 2020 in 10 European countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands, England & Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal. For each country, we calculated cumulative mortality rates stratified by age and sex and corresponding relative risks for men vs. women.Results: The relative risk of dying from COVID-19 was higher for men than for women in almost all age groups in all countries. The overall relative risk ranged from 1.11 (95% CI 1.01-1.23) in Portugal to 1.54 (95% CI 1.49-1.58) in France. In most countries, sex differences increased until ages 60-69 years, but decreased thereafter with the smallest sex difference at ages 80+.Conclusions: Despite variability in data collection and time coverage among countries, we illustrate an overall similar pattern of sex differences in COVID-19 mortality in Europe.

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