The effects of intraruminal infusions of urea on the voluntary intake and milk production of cows receiving grass silage diets

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai-Jun Choung ◽  
David G. Chamberlain ◽  
Phillip C. Thomas ◽  
Ian Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Insulin In Plasma ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Higher Doses

SummaryResponses of dairy cows given silage diets to the intraruminal infusion of urea in progressively increasing doses were studied in four experiments, two with non-lactating cows and two with lactating cows. No clinical symptoms of NH3 toxicity were observed in any of the experiments. When urea was infused continuously, silage intake was depressed (P < 0·05) when the total supply of N exceeded the equivalent of 250g crude protein (CP)/kg DM in the total diet. However, when the urea load was administered twice daily, as opposed to continuously, intake depression (P < 0·05) occurred at the equivalent of 170g CP/kg DM. At the higher doses of urea, concentrations of NH3 in peripheral blood increased and were accompanied by increased concentrations of glucose and reduced levels of insulin in plasma. In general, responses of milk production followed those of silage intake but there was evidence of greater proportional reductions in the yield of lactose relative to that of fat and protein. It is concluded that the voluntary intake of high-protein silages may be depressed by factors associated with high rates of absorption of NH3 from the rumen.

Effect of maize silage quality in a mixed forage diet and the crude protein level in the concentrate supplement on milk production of dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
J.J. Fitzgerald ◽  
J.J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
Additional Protein

Good quality maize silage with a high starch content and DM digestibility when fed to dairy cows increased forage intake, milk production and milk protein concentration compared with grass silage or low starch maize silage (Fitzgerald, 1997). Due to the low crude protein (CP) content of maize silage compared with grass silage, additional protein supplementation is required in the concentrate. The optimum level of protein in the concentrate for maize silage based forages differing in starch content was investigated in this study.Three forages consisting of either all grass silage (GS) or mixed forages of grass silage and maize silage (40:60 DM mix) which contained either a low (LSM) or a high (HSM) starch content were offered ad libitum to individually fed dairy cows in early lactation (12 cows/forage). Each forage was supplemented with concentrates (6 kg/day) containing 180, 230 or 280 g CP/kg according to a change over design (3 periods of 3 weeks/period).

The effect of silage preference on the performance of dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
R.F. Heller ◽  
R.H. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Present Trial

Numerous factors such as the digestibility value, fermentation characteristics and chop length of silage have all been shown to increase the intake and performance of dairy cows.Although the effect of silage preference has been examined with young stock and dry cows there has only been a limited number of studies involving lactating cows.The aim of the present trial was to determine the effect on intake and performance of lactating dairy cows offered either grass silage alone, a mixture of grass and maize silages blended in a ratio of 1:2 or a free choice of grass and maize silages.Thirty-three British Friesians in weeks 17-24 of lactation were used in the study. All animals received 6 kg/d of a concentrate supplement containing 190 g/kg DM of crude protein and 12.8 MJ ME/kg CM and allowed ad libitum access to the silages.

Prediction of voluntary intake of grass silage by lactating cows

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
M. Gill ◽  
R. D. Willink
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Prediction of voluntary food intake is Important in the formulation of rations for dairy cows. There are a number of prediction models which perform relatively well for diets based on dry forages but not for silage based diets (Neal, Thomas and Cobby, 1984). Prediction of intake of silage based diets is particularly important in the UK where 0.85 of the conserved forage fed to dairy cows is silage. A large and increasing proportion of herds are fed silage ad-libitum and concentrates at a flat rate. This study was an attempt to produce better prediction models for voluntary intake of silage by dairy cows under this feeding regime.

Molassed sugar-beet pulp nuts supplemented with urea and phosphate used as a milk production concentrate for dairy cows

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Parkins ◽  
R. G. Hemingway ◽  
N. S. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Mean

SummaryA cubed molassed sugar-beet product with added urea, dicalcium phosphate, trace elements and vitamins was prepared containing 17% crude protein and up to 0·53% P. The product was evaluated in 3 changeover trials with lactating cows and the treatments involved comparisons with a low protein (10%) concentrate and one supplemented with groundnut plus cottonseed meals. When the product was included at 35–62% in milk production diets the mean daily yield of about 15 kg was about 0·5kg less than when full supplementation was as vegetable protein. This was considered more likely to be associated with inefficient utilization of urea rather than because of an energy difference between molassed sugar-beet pulp and barley.

The Effect of Protein Content of the Supplement on Milk Production of Dairy Cattle offered Low and High Digestibility Grass Silage Ad Libitum

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
C S Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous studies at this Institute have shown a marked interaction between level of supplementary feeding and protein content in the supplement with dairy cows offered high quality grass silage-based diets. For example, a given milk yield or yield of milk constituents can be obtained by offering supplements of high crude protein (CP) content, eg 340 g CP/kg fresh weight, at much lower levels than would be required with conventional supplements with a CP content of 180 g/kg fresh weight. The aim of the present study was to quantify if. the interrelationships established with high digestibility silages also applied with lower digestibility silage.The experiment was carried out with 60 autumn-calving British Friesian dairy cows. Twenty eight animals were offered early cut silage (E), harvested between 17-19 May, with the remaining thirty two animals offered late cut silage (L) harvested between 2-12 June. Both E and L silages were produced from the same swards and in both cases grass was direct harvested and treated with an inoculant of Lactobacillus plantarum, at the rate of 3.0 litres/t fresh herbage.

Effect of maize silage maturity on digestibility and energy balance of lactating cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 32-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Sutton ◽  
S.B. Cammell ◽  
D.E. Beever ◽  
R.H. Phipps ◽  
D.J. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Friesian Cows

Increasing maturity at harvest of maize silage has been shown to affect feed intake and milk production in Holstein-Friesian cows (Phipps et al., 1998). The purpose of the present experiment was to determine whether the milk production response was related to improvements in the efficiency of feed energy utilisation.Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows (mean live weight 620 kg) fitted with permanent cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were given diets based on maize silage and grass silage (3:1 DM ratio) offered ad libitum plus 8.7 kg DM/day of a concentrate (254 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM) starting 5-10 weeks post-calving. The maize silage was harvested at four different stages of maturity as defined by DM content and ensiled without additives. The grass silage was a first-cut perennial ryegrass (260 g DM/kg, 519 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF)/kg DM, 146 g CP/kg DM).

Effect of maize silage quality in a mixed forage diet and the crude protein level in the concentrate supplement on milk production of dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 149-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Fitzgerald ◽  
J.J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
Additional Protein

Good quality maize silage with a high starch content and DM digestibility when fed to dairy cows increased forage intake, milk production and milk protein concentration compared with grass silage or low starch maize silage (Fitzgerald, 1997). Due to the low crude protein (CP) content of maize silage compared with grass silage, additional protein supplementation is required in the concentrate. The optimum level of protein in the concentrate for maize silage based forages differing in starch content was investigated in this study.Three forages consisting of either all grass silage (GS) or mixed forages of grass silage and maize silage (40:60 DM mix) which contained either a low (LSM) or a high (HSM) starch content were offered ad libitum to individually fed dairy cows in early lactation (12 cows/forage). Each forage was supplemented with concentrates (6 kg/day) containing 180, 230 or 280 g CP/kg according to a change over design (3 periods of 3 weeks/period).

Supplementation of grazing dairy cows with a brewers grains/treated straw mixture

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 46-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Leaver ◽  
R.C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Similar Cost ◽  
Friesian Cows

Supplementary feeding of grazing dairy cows is often uneconomic, and whilst supplementation with silage (buffer feeding) can be worthwhile, this often leads to a depletion of winter forage stores. In this study, a mixture of brewers grains and treated straw was used as a supplement. Offered as a 1:1 mixture in the dry matter (DM), it is a purchased substitute for grass silage, having a similar cost, and similar metabolisable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) contents. The high seasonality adjustments to milk price in mid-late season make supplementation potentially worthwhile.Experiments were carried out from April to September in 1988 and 1989, which had moderate and very low rainfall respectively. Each year 20 British Friesian cows which calved December to March (1988 experiment) and February-April (1989) were allocated at random to either treatment B or C. In B, the cows were offered a 1:1 mixture (DM basis) of brewers grains and NaOH treated chopped barley straw for 60 minutes after morning milking. In C, the cows received no supplement. Both groups were fed 1.0 kg/day of concentrates in the milking parlour. Due to the severe drought in 1989, concentrate feeding was increased to 5.0 kg/day for all cows during the last 4 weeks of the experiment. Also, urea-treated whole crop wheat was fed at a level of 2.5 kg DM/day during the last 7 days.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document