Prediction of voluntary intake of grass silage by lactating cows

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
M. Gill ◽  
R. D. Willink
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Prediction of voluntary food intake is Important in the formulation of rations for dairy cows. There are a number of prediction models which perform relatively well for diets based on dry forages but not for silage based diets (Neal, Thomas and Cobby, 1984). Prediction of intake of silage based diets is particularly important in the UK where 0.85 of the conserved forage fed to dairy cows is silage. A large and increasing proportion of herds are fed silage ad-libitum and concentrates at a flat rate. This study was an attempt to produce better prediction models for voluntary intake of silage by dairy cows under this feeding regime.

The effects of intraruminal infusions of urea on the voluntary intake and milk production of cows receiving grass silage diets

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai-Jun Choung ◽  
David G. Chamberlain ◽  
Phillip C. Thomas ◽  
Ian Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Insulin In Plasma ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Higher Doses

SummaryResponses of dairy cows given silage diets to the intraruminal infusion of urea in progressively increasing doses were studied in four experiments, two with non-lactating cows and two with lactating cows. No clinical symptoms of NH3 toxicity were observed in any of the experiments. When urea was infused continuously, silage intake was depressed (P < 0·05) when the total supply of N exceeded the equivalent of 250g crude protein (CP)/kg DM in the total diet. However, when the urea load was administered twice daily, as opposed to continuously, intake depression (P < 0·05) occurred at the equivalent of 170g CP/kg DM. At the higher doses of urea, concentrations of NH3 in peripheral blood increased and were accompanied by increased concentrations of glucose and reduced levels of insulin in plasma. In general, responses of milk production followed those of silage intake but there was evidence of greater proportional reductions in the yield of lactose relative to that of fat and protein. It is concluded that the voluntary intake of high-protein silages may be depressed by factors associated with high rates of absorption of NH3 from the rumen.

The effect of silage preference on the performance of dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
R.F. Heller ◽  
R.H. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Present Trial

Numerous factors such as the digestibility value, fermentation characteristics and chop length of silage have all been shown to increase the intake and performance of dairy cows.Although the effect of silage preference has been examined with young stock and dry cows there has only been a limited number of studies involving lactating cows.The aim of the present trial was to determine the effect on intake and performance of lactating dairy cows offered either grass silage alone, a mixture of grass and maize silages blended in a ratio of 1:2 or a free choice of grass and maize silages.Thirty-three British Friesians in weeks 17-24 of lactation were used in the study. All animals received 6 kg/d of a concentrate supplement containing 190 g/kg DM of crude protein and 12.8 MJ ME/kg CM and allowed ad libitum access to the silages.

Development of a model of voluntary food intake and energy balance in lactating cows

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYVoluntary intake of a range of feeds by cows is predicted on the assumption that the cows will satisfy their energy requirements unless physical limitations intervene. Predicted patterns of intake throughout lactation agree generally with observed changes, including an eventual plateau in body weight due to a predicted physical equilibrium between abdominal fat and gut contents. An attempt to incorporate a depression in milk yield when physical limitations prevented energy requirements being met by food intake was successful only with good quality feeds.

Post-feeding behaviour in dairy cows given a choice between high and low-DUP concentrates

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
C.L. Herdan ◽  
E.J. Davison ◽  
R.E. Lawson ◽  
J.M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Times ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Peak Lactation

A major cause of low silage intake is that some nutrients become available at different times than others i.e. asynchrony of supply. It is possible that, given a choice between foods with different nutrient profiles, animals will take meals at the times that optimise synchrony of supply. The observations reported here examine this concept where lactating cows were given access to concentrates high and low in digestible undegraded protein (DUP).Six cows in peak lactation and six cows towards the end of lactation were housed in a straw yard where they were offered grass silage ad libitum. Limited access was given to two concentrate feeders containing differently flavoured compounds one high in DUP (28% total protein) and the other low in DUP (18% total protein). Feeders were monitored and controlled according to the LUCIFIR system (Forbes et al., 1986). The two Out of Parlour Feeders (OPFs) were set to dispense 1kg meals.

scholarly journals Palatability of two artificial feeds for reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Arne Rognmo ◽  
Karstein Bye
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Mill Waste ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Two groups of 15 reindeer were used to test the palatability of two artificial diets. None of the animals had experienced the diets before. Trials were carried out from April to mid May. Each group of animals was kept in a separate corral (600 sq. meters). Both groups were fed lichens for three days befort trials began. Then they were offered a concentrate feed (RF-80) or &laquo;Mill Waste Product&raquo; (MWP) ad libitum. Both groups ate little or nothing for the first three days of the trial and so lichens were mixed with the two experimental feeds. The mean voluntary food intake of the RF-80-group increased from 0.8 Kg/day/animal to 1.8 Kg/day/animal after three weeks. A mixed feed, RF-80/lichen, was only used the first day for animals in the RF-80 group. Reindeer refused to eat MWP for twelve days despite mixing it with lichens. They were then offered RF-80 ad lib. without a mixture of lichens. The mean voluntary intake of these animals increased from 1.3 Kg RF-80/day/animal on day 13 to 2.3 Kg/day/animal by day 26. Two calves in the MWP-group got diarrhoea after refeeding with RF-80.

The influence of level and pattern of allocation of concentrates given with silage ad libitum on the performance of lactating cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
K. Aston ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
R.D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Block Experiment ◽  
Friesian Cows

The trial is one of a series in a project to develop a mathematical model to predict the consequences of changes to the food supply on yields of milk constituents. The objective of the trial was to measure the responses of winter-calved dairy cows to changes to the level or to the distribution within a level of concentrates given with grass silage ad libitum.Ninety-eight British Friesian cows in their second or subsequent lactations with a mean calving date 6 December were used in a randomised block experiment. There were 7 treatment groups. Cows received on average 3, 6 or 9 kg concentrate dry matter (DM) per day over weeks 4 to 22 of lactation.

Effect of Feeding Juice Extracted from Ensiled Grass after Varying Times of Fermentation on the Voluntary Food intake of Chopped Hay by Sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
J.A. Rooke ◽  
N.W. Offer
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

The voluntary intake of grass silage (VFI) is influenced by the presence of silage fermentation products. Ammonia-N concentration has been used in prediction equations for silage VFI as an indicator of the negative effects of fermentation products upon VFI but accounts for only a small proportion of the variance. The objective of this experiment was to improve understanding of the factors in silage that limit VFI by relating the time-course of the silage fermentation to the development of intake characteristics.Second cut perennial ryegrass was precision chop harvested without wilting. The grass was ensiled untreated (C) or treated (I) with 106Lactobacillus plantarum / g grass (Ecosyl, Zeneca Bio-Products) in 200 l containers (10 / treatment). Two containers / treatment were frozen immediately (0) or after 0.2, 1, 2 or 42 days fermentation to give 10 treatments. Juice was extracted using a cider press from silage immediately on thawing, bulked and then re frozen until required for feeding. For feeding, juice was thawed and maintained at 4° until fed.

The effect of recombinant bovine somatotrophin on milk production, reproduction and health of dairy cows

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 3-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
I.D. Johnsson ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
G.A. Bloomfield ◽  
S.V. Morant
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Bovine Somatotrophin

The objective of the trial was to examine the effect of recombitant bovine somatotrophin (bSTH) on voluntary intake, milk solids output, body weight change, health and reproduction in lactating dairy cows given either a complete mixed diet or fed concentrate at a flat rate and forage ad libitum.

scholarly journals Effect of increasing digestible undegraded protein supply to dairy cows in late gestation on the yield and composition of milk during the subsequent lactation

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Moorby ◽  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
S. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractEffects of feeding a protein supplement to dairy cows during the dry period on performance during the following lactation were investigated in two experiments. Holstein-Friesian cows were paired towards the end of lactation, and, after drying off, one of each pair received a typical dry cow management regime of ad libitum grass silage (experiment 1), or a mix of grass silage and distillers' grains or pressed beet pulp (experiment 2). The other cows were offered restricted access to the same basal diet, together with ad libitum access to barley straw and 0·5 kg/day high protein maize gluten meal. During the following lactation, animals from both groups were treated without reference to dry period treatment, and were offered equal access to the same lactation diet. Data were analysed by analysis of variance of experiment means and by parallel curve analysis using sample means. In experiment 1, milk yields were similar (27·2 v. 27·9 (s.e.d. 2·12) kg/day for control and supplemented animals respectively) but milk protein yields, and hence concentrations, were significantly higher (P < 0·001) from supplemented animals (28·9 v. 31·8 (s.e.d. 0·58) g/kg). In experiment 2, milk yields were significantly higher (P < 0·001) from supplemented animals (mean 33·3 v. 35·4 (s.e.d. 1·66) kg/day; however, milk protein yields were also significantly increased (P < 0·001) and the change in milk protein concentration was small. No difference in dry-matter intake was recorded in a subset of animals during early lactation in experiment 2. It is hypothesized that the maternal labile body protein pool was maintained or replenished during the dry period by the provision of the protein supplement, and that this had a significant effect on subsequent lactation performance.

Digestibility and voluntary intake of roughages by wild boar and Meishan pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. van Wieren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractThe digestibility and voluntary intake of fibrous roughages and acorns was studied in six wild boar and five Meishan pigs. The neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) concentration of the diets ranged from 139 to 767 g/kg of the organic matter. Organic matter digestibility of acorns, mixed grass and wheat straw was higher in wild boar (P < 0·05) while voluntary food intake of the Meishan pigs was higher for mixed grass, hay and wheat straw (P < 0·05). Organic matter digestibility (P < 0·01) and NDF digestibility (P < 0·05) were both negatively related to NDF concentration of the diet. No relationship existed between voluntary food intake and NDF concentration of the diet. The apparent nitrogen (N) digestibility was positively related (P < 0·01) to dietary N while no relationship was found with dietary NDF. The negative effect of NDF on digestibility could only be partly explained by the lignin concentration of NDF. Much more important was the lower efficiency of the carbohydrate fermentation in the caecum and colon when compared with the direct absorption of glucose from the small intestine. It was estimated that digestible NDF at a maximum contributed proportionately 0·26 to the metabolizable energy intake of the animals. It was concluded that wild boar and domestic pigs should be able to maintain themselves on an all fresh grass diet when NDF concentration of the diet does not exceed about 550 g/kg and N concentration is not too low.

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