Effects on milk yield, somatic cell count and milk conductivity of short-term non-milking of lactating quarters of cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Hamann ◽  
Peter Gyodi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryCompensatory changes in daily milk production between quarters within an udder were investigated, together with related changes in cell count and electrical conductivity of fore milk samples. Two quarters per cow were left unmilked for 2 d (Group 1, four cows) or for 4 d (Group 2, four cows), and then all quarters of all cows were milked twice daily for a further period of 16 d. The mean daily yield per cow fell 50% during the period of milking two quarters. Daily yield for cows in Group 1 decreased significantly only during the treatment period and the first post-treatment period of 4 d, whereas the daily yield for Group 2 was significantly reduced during the whole post-treatment period. The cell count for all continuously milked (control) quarters was stable during the experiment, but increased in the treated quarters during the first 4 d of the post-treatment period. Non-milking was accompanied by a significant increase in fore milk conductivity which persisted for an additional 4 d after the resumption of normal milking. Throughout the last 12 d of the post-treatment period milk from both control and treated quarters had significantly decreased conductivity levels compared with the pretreatment values.

Response to short course androgenisation in late reported cases with micropenis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Huque ◽  
Tania Tofail ◽  
Tofail Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Penile Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background and objectives: Micropenis is an abnormally short penis and its treatment should begin in infancy or in very early childhood. The present study investigated the response of short term testosterone therapy in late reported cases of micropenis. Methods: A total of 17 cases of micropenis between the age of 8 and 15 years were included in the study. Standard criteria for the diagnosis of micropenis were followed. All cases were treated with intramuscular testosterone 50 to 75 mg once every 21 days. Response to testosterone treatment was measured by the absolute and percent increment in stretched penile length (SPL). Response was considered adequate if final SPL crosses the average SPL for age. We also compared the response of treatment of cases reported before and after 11 years of age. Result: A total of 17 micropenis cases were included in the study. Out of total 17 boys, 10 were between 8 to 11 years (Group 1) and 7 were between 12 to 15 years (Group 2) of age. The mean pre-treatment SPL of 17 micropenis cases was 3.1±0.2 cm (CI: 2.83, 3.43 cm). The mean initial SPL of Gr1 and Gr2 was not significantly different (3.2±0.3 cm vs 3.0±0.1 cm; p>0.248). The mean post treatment SPL of 17 cases increased significantly (p<0.001) compared to their initial SPL. The range of percentage increment in SPL was 100%-400%. Higher testosterone doses were required in Gr2 cases compared to Gr1 (360±20.8 mg vs 260.7±38.5 mg). Conclusion: Micropenis in boys with palpable gonads responded to short term testosterone treatment in late reported cases and we termed these cases as simple micropenis. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2020; 14(1): 1-4

Biological and economic impact of trypanosome infections on milk production in N'Dama cattle managed under village conditions in The Gambia

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Agyemang ◽  
R. H. Dwinger ◽  
P. Jeannin ◽  
P. Leperre ◽  
A. S. Grieve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
N’Dama Cattle ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Daily Milk

ABSTRACTOver a 3-year period, productivity characteristics and criteria of trypanosomiasis incidence and severity have been monitored by monthly examination of individual N'Dama cattle in villages in The Gambia. From this database, 60 lactating cows in which Trypanosoma congolense or T. vivax had been detected on blood examination (group 1) were compared with 50 cows which had not been found infected with trypanosomes during the monitoring period (group 2). The latter were selected on the basis of comparability of age and stage of lactation to those of group 1 for examining the effect of trypanosome infections on the quantity of milk extracted for human consumption, and on the growth of their sucking calves. Data from a 6- to 7-month period were examined in the analysis.The quantity of daily milk extracted during the 1st month ot intection (group 1) decreased by proportionately 0·25 in comparison to the amount extracted during the preceding month when parasites were not detected. The corresponding figure in the uninfected controls (group 2) was 0·02. The mean daily milk extracted for human consumption from uninfected cows during a 6-month period was proportionately 0·26 higher than the mean for the infected cows. Growth rates of calves sucking infected and uninfected dams were similar.These observations indicate that infection with pathogenic trypanosomes of lactating N'Dama cattle causes a reduction in milk production.In economic terms, it was estimated that the decline in milk extracted for human consumption due to trypanosome infections amounted to an average of £1 per month per cow.

scholarly journals Siyah Alaca İneklerde Meme Ölçülerinin Somatik Hücre Sayısı ve Günlük Süt Verimi Üzerine Etkisi

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Ceyhan ◽  
Mahmut Çınar ◽  
Ugur Serbester
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of udder measurements group on somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk production. Milk samples and udder measurements were collected monthly from 79 lactating Holstein cows on commercial dairy in the province of Niğde. In the study, front teat length (FTL), rear teat length (RTL), front teat diameter (FTD), rear teat diameter (RTD), distance between front teats (DBFT), distance between rear teats (DBRT), front udder height, (FTH), rear udder height (RUH), distance between front and rear teats (DBST) were obtained in before afternoon milking. Udder measurements were divided into 5 groups according to the measurements. The effect of DBFT, DBRT, FTH, RTD, FTD and DBRT groups on daily milk production were statistically significant, while FTH, RUH and DBRT were found non-significant. The effect of udder measurements groups on SCC was found not significant, except rear teat diameter (RTD). Average daily milk production and SCC were estimated as 28.25 kg/day and 274.90 cell/ml, respectively. In conclusion, it can be said that the distance between teats, teat’s diameter and front udder height of Holstein cattle is important factor for milk yield of Holstein dairy cattle. Also, SCC is effected by rear teat diameter.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactation Yield on First Follicular Wave Surge After Calving of Crossbred Dairy Cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
R.C.A Berber ◽  
H.A.Z Biavatti ◽  
J. Fornazieri ◽  
G.C.M Berber ◽  
L.G.R. Sturaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Crossbred Dairy Cattle ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract: This study aimed  to evaluate the effect of lactation on first follicular wave surge of crossbred (Gir x Holstein) dairy cattle.  Nine multiparous crossbred dairy cattle were divided according to daily milk production (Group 1 = milk production higher than average, n = 5; Group 2 = milk  production  lower  than  average,  n  =  4).  From  calving  (Day  0)  until  divergence  of  first follicular wave, ovaries  was monitored daily by ultrasound exams to observed the follicular emergence,  growth  rate,  maximum  follicular  diameter,  day  of  follicular  divergence  and ovulation. The mean of milk production was 17.4 + 6.4 L/day (n= 9). Group 1 had higher daily milk production than Group 2 (21.8 + 3.8 L/day vs. 11.9 + 3.9 L/day, P< 0.001). Data of follicular emergence were similar in both groups (P >0.05). The growth  rate of first follicular surge was higher  in  Group  2  than  Group  1  (2.0  + 0.0  mm/day  vs  1.2  + 0.6  mm/day,  P<  0.05).  The maximum follicular diameter was 11.6  + 0.9 mm (Group 1) and 13.5  + 1.7 mm (Group 2); P< 0.05. The follicular divergence occurred earlier  in Group 1 than Group 2 (12.2  + 0.8 days vs 13.7 + 0.6 days; P< 0.05). One animal of Group 2 ovulated. In conclusion, data suggested that milk production had influence on ovarian follicular dynamic after calving.Keywords: Follicle, post-partum, lactation, dairy cattle

Creation of physiologic rhythm by closed loop stimulation in heart failure patients with severe chronotropic incompetence: worldwide first results of a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Proff ◽  
B Merkely ◽  
R Papp ◽  
C Lenz ◽  
P.J Nordbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Chronotropic Incompetence ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background The prevalence of chronotropic incompetence (CI) in heart failure (HF) population is high and negatively impacts prognosis. In HF patients with an implanted cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) device and severe CI, the effect of rate adaptive pacing on patient outcomes is unclear. Closed loop stimulation (CLS) based on cardiac impedance measurement may be an optimal method of heart rate adaptation according to metabolic need in HF patients with severe CI. Purpose This is the first study evaluating the effect of CLS on the established prognostic parameters assessed by the cardio-pulmonary exercise (CPX) testing and on quality of life (QoL) of the patients. Methods A randomised, controlled, double-blind and crossover pilot study has been performed in CRT patients with severe CI defined as the inability to achieve 70% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR). After baseline assessment, patients were randomised to either DDD-CLS pacing (group 1) or DDD pacing at 40 bpm (group 2) for a 1-month period, followed by crossover for another month. At baseline and at 1- and 2-month follow-ups, a CPX was performed and QoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. The main endpoints were the effect of CLS on ventilatory efficiency (VE) slope (evaluated by an independent CPX expert), the responder rate defined as an improvement (decrease) of the VE slope by at least 5%, percentage of maximal predicted heart rate reserve (HRR) achieved, and QoL. Results Of the 36 patients enrolled in the study, 20 fulfilled the criterion for severe CI and entered the study follow-up (mean age 68.9±7.4 years, 70% men, LVEF=41.8±9.3%, 40%/60% NYHA class II/III). Full baseline and follow-up datasets were obtained in 17 patients. The mean VE slope and HRR at baseline were 34.4±4.4 and 49.6±23.8%, respectively, in group 1 (n=7) and 34.5±12.2 and 54.2±16.1% in group 2 (n=10). After completing the 2-month CPX, the mean difference between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 modes was −2.4±8.3 (group 1) and −1.2±3.5 (group 2) for VE slope, and 17.1±15.5% (group 1) and 8.7±18.8% (group 2) for HRR. Altogether, VE slope improved by −1.8±2.95 (p=0.31) in DDD-CLS versus DDD-40, and HRR improved by 12.9±8.8% (p=0.01). The VE slope decreased by ≥5% in 47% of patients (“responders to CLS”). The mean difference in the QoL between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 was 0.16±0.25 in group 1 and −0.01±0.05 in group 2, resulting in an overall increase by 0.08±0.08 in the DDD-CLS mode (p=0.13). Conclusion First results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of CLS in CRT patients with severe CI revealed that CLS generated an overall positive effect on well-established surrogate parameters for prognosis. About one half of the patients showed CLS response in terms of improved VE slope. In addition, CLS improved quality of life. Further clinical research is needed to identify predictors that can increase the responder rate and to confirm improvement in clinical outcomes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Biotronik SE & Co. KG

Comparison of the ATRIA, CHA2DS2-VASc, and Modified Scores ATRIA-HSV, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, for the Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease Severity

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972199141
Author(s):  
Arafat Yildirim ◽  
Mehmet Kucukosmanoglu ◽  
Fethi Yavuz ◽  
Nermin Yildiz Koyunsever ◽  
Yusuf Cekici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease Severity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Group 1

Many parameters included in the Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) and CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category) scores also predict coronary artery disease (CAD). We modified the ATRIA score (ATRIA-HSV) by adding hyperlipidemia, smoking, and vascular disease and also male sex instead of female. We evaluated whether the CHA2DS2-VASc, CHA2DS2-VASc-HS, ATRIA, and ATRIA-HSV scores predict severe CAD. Consecutive patients with coronary angiography were prospectively included. A ≥50% stenosis in ≥1epicardial coronary artery (CA) was defined as severe CAD. Patient with normal CA (n = 210) were defined as group 1, with <50% CA stenosis (n = 178) as group 2, and with ≥50% stenosis (n = 297) as group 3. The mean ATRIA, ATRIA-HSV, CHA2DS2-VASc, and CHA2DS2VASc-HS scores increased from group 1 to group 3. A correlation was found between the Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score and ATRIA ( r = 0.570), ATRIA-HSV ( r = 0.614), CHA2DS2-VASc ( r = 0.428), and CHA2DS2-VASc-HS ( r = 0.500) scores ( Ps < .005). Pairwise comparisons of receiver operating characteristics curves showed that ATRIA-HSV (>3 area under curve [AUC]: 0.874) and ATRIA (>3, AUC: 0.854) have a better performance than CHA2DS2-VASc (>1, AUC: 0.746) and CHA2DS2-VASc-HS (>2, AUC: 0.769). In conclusion, the ATRIA and ATRIA-HSV scores are simple and may be useful to predict severe CAD.

Does Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Have a Long-Term Effect on Nasal and Upper Airway Dimensions?

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562098023
Author(s):  
Ashwina S. Banari ◽  
Sanjeev Datana ◽  
Shiv Shankar Agarwal ◽  
Sujit Kumar Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
P Value ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Acoustic Pharyngometry ◽  
Nasoalveolar Molding ◽  
Area And Volume ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To compare nasal and upper airway dimensions in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) who underwent nasoalveolar molding (NAM) with those without NAM during infancy using acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry. Materials and Methods: Eccovision acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry (Sleep Group Solutions) was used for assessment of mean area and volume of nasal and upper airway in patients with complete unilateral CLP (age range 16-21 years) treated with NAM (group 1, n = 19) versus without NAM (group 2, n = 22). Results: The mean nasal cross-sectional areas and volume were higher in group 1 compared to group 2 on both cleft ( P value <.001) and noncleft side ( P value >.05). The mean area and volume of upper airway were also significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 ( P value <.05). Conclusions: Nasoalveolar molding being one of the first interventions in chronology of treatment of patients with CLP, its long-term outcome on nasal and upper airway patency needs to be ascertained. The results of the present study show that the patients with CLP who have undergone NAM during infancy have better improvement in nasal and upper airway patency compared with those who had not undergone NAM procedure. The basic advantages of being noninvasive, nonionizing and providing dynamic assessment of nasal and upper airway patency make acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry a diagnostic tool of choice to be used in patients with CLP.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bite Force in Patients After Treatment of Mandibular Fractures With 3-Dimensional Locking Miniplate and Standard Miniplates

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Gaurav Singh ◽  
Madan Mishra ◽  
Amit Gaur ◽  
Dhritiman Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Drilling Conditions ◽  
Group 1

Background: Fractures of the mandible can be studied and described in anatomic terms, functional considerations, treatment strategies, and outcome measures. The performance of any fixation system depends on multiple factors including plate adaptation, screw placement, bone quality, drilling conditions, and postoperative patient compliance. Bite force assesses masticatory muscle function under clinical and experimental conditions. Method: 30 patients with isolated, noncomminuted mandibular fractures were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group 1 patients were treated using 3-dimensional locking miniplates and group 2 patients were treated with standard miniplates. The bite forces were recorded at definite time intervals: preoperatively, and second week, sixth week, third month, and sixth month postoperatively. Result: At 6 weeks postoperative, 3 month postoperative, and 6 month postoperative, the mean bite force was found to be significantly higher among group 1 patients as compared to those in group 2 in all the sites. While at 2 week postoperative, the mean bite force was found to be significantly higher in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 at incisor region. Conclusion: The overall results of the present study show better performance in bite force for the 3-dimensional locking miniplate when compared with standard miniplates.

scholarly journals Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during Intrauterine Period, Promotes Caspase Dependent and Independent DNA Fragmentation in Sertoli-Germ Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beril Yüksel ◽  
Sevtap Kilic ◽  
Nese Lortlar ◽  
Nicel Tasdemir ◽  
Semra Sertyel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Intrauterine Life ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives. To investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure during intrauterine period on neonatal rat testis. Methods. Twenty-five rats were randomized to be exposed to cigarette smoke with the Walton Smoking Machine or to room air during their pregnancies. The newborn male rats (n=21) were grouped as group 1 (n=15) which were exposed to cigarette smoke during intrauterine life and group 2 (n=6) which were exposed to room air during intrauterine life. The orchiectomy materials were analyzed with TUNEL immunofluorescent staining for detection of DNA damage. To detect apoptosis, immunohistochemical analyses with caspase-3 were performed. Primary outcomes were apoptotic index and immunohistochemical scores (HSCORES); secondary outcomes were Sertoli-cell count and birth-weight of rats. Results. Sertoli cell apoptosis was increased in group 1 (HSCORE =210.6±41.9) when compared to group 2 (HSCORE =100.0±17.8) (P=0.001). Sertoli cell count was decreased in group 1 (P=0.043). The HSCORE for the germ cells was calculated as 214.0±46.2 in group 1 and 93.3±10.3 in group 2 (P=0.001) referring to an increased germ cell apoptosis in group 1. The apoptotic indexes for group 1 were 49.6±9.57 and 29.98±2.34 for group 2 (P=0.001). The immunofluorescent technique demonstrated increased DNA damage in seminiferous epithelium in group 1. Conclusions. Intrauterine exposure to cigarette smoke adversely affects neonatal testicular structuring and diminishes testicular reserve.

scholarly journals The influence of preoperative knee flexion contracture severity on short-term outcome of orthopedic surgery in ambulatory children with bilateral cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Pantzar-Castilla ◽  
Brian Po-Jung Chen ◽  
Freeman Miller ◽  
Jacques Riad
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Flexion Contracture ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Knee Flexion Contracture ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Indications and cutoff value of deformities to determine surgical procedures for flexed knee gait are not clear. The aim was to determine the influence of none or mild, and moderate preoperative knee flexion contracture on the improvement of gait after orthopedic surgery in children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Inclusion criteria; bilateral CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System level I-III, and pre- and post operative-gait analysis. The 132 individuals identified were categorized into 2 groups based on the severity of knee flexion contracture (group 1: none or less than 11°; group 2: greater than or equal to 11°), and then matched according to the exact same soft tissue and/or bony orthopedic surgical procedures performed. The indication for surgery was to prevent progressive development of knee flexion contracture and stance phase flexed knee gait. Pre- and postoperative physical examination and gait analysis data were analyzed retrospectively. Results Sixty (30 + 30) children, with mean age 10.6 years in each group, were included. The average follow-up time was 17 months. Gait Deviation Index (GDI) improved in group 1 from mean 66 (SD 19) to 74 (15), p = 0.004, and in group 2 from 60 (13) to 69 (15), p = 0.001. Knee flexion in stance improved in group 1 from 21.4 (16.1) to 12.1 (16.0) degrees, p = 0.002, and in group 2 from 32.2 (14.2) to 17.0 (15.9), p = 0.001. Step length improved in both groups, p = 0.017 and p = 0.008, respectively. Only in group 2 significant improvement was noted in walking speed, p = 0.018 and standing function, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-D), p = 0.001. Knee flexion contracture decreased in group 1 from mean 4.6 (5.3) to 2.1 (8.3) degrees, p = 0.071 and in group 2 from 17.2 (4.9) to 9.6 (9.3), p = 0.001. There was no statistical difference between groups in pre-post improvement of GDI or other variables, except GMFM-D. Conclusions Relative mild to moderate preoperative knee flexion contracture does not influence the short-term improvement of gait after orthopedic surgery in children with bilateral CP.

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