Visual appearance and CMT score of foremilk of individual quarters in relation to cell count of cows milked automatically

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten D Rasmussen ◽  
Martin Bjerring ◽  
Flemming Skjøth
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
California Mastitis Test

The objectives of the study were: to evaluate the interaction between visual appearance and California mastitis test (CMT) score of the foremilk in relation to the cell count of the milk; to evaluate the consequences of sorting milk according to these criteria; and to explore whether visual appearance and CMT score of foremilk depended on the time interval between milkings. Measuring somatic cell count (SCC) in composite milk only and discarding milk above certain thresholds will not ensure that milk from all cows with visually abnormal foremilk is withheld from delivery. Low thresholds of SCC will reduce the frequency of cows with abnormal milk but increase the discarding of milk from cows with visually normal foremilk. CMT score of foremilk differentiated better between cows with high and low SCC in composite milk than visual inspection of foremilk. CMT scores of foremilk decreased with increasing interval between milkings within cow, whereas the visual appearance was independent of the interval. We propose that visual appearance of the foremilk should be kept as a criterion for sorting milk at time of milking. For test purposes, the use of visual appearance of foremilk for differentiation between normal and abnormal milk has to be done on multiple milkings. Additionally, CMT scoring of foremilk improves correct classification of normal and abnormal quarters and especially when including data from the previous milking.

scholarly journals Bulk tank somatic cell count and associated microbial quality of milk from selected dairy cattle herds in Oyo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Olatoye ◽  
Adesola Amosun ◽  
Uzo Ogbu ◽  
Yemi Okunlade
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test

Improvement of traditional and nomadic milk production through dairy development program in Nigeria requires routine quality and safety monitoring of milk both at herd level and milk collection centers. A total of 411 bulk raw milk samples aseptically obtained from Ibarapa, Oyo and Oke-Ogun industrial milk collection centers were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT), Bulk Somatic Cell Count (BSCC) and bacteriological analysis for assessment of quality and safety of milk from the herds. One hundred and seven (26.0%) of the samples were CMT positive, while 74.0% were negative to CMT. The overall mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 1.27×103 ± cells/mL, 1.12×103± 34 cfu/mL, 97.8±9.8 cfu/mL in the CMT negative milk samples while for the strong positive samples the mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 4.33×106 ± cells/mL, 2.35×106 ± 453 cfu/mL, 189.3±41.1 cfu/mL respectively; these were higher than the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance acceptable limits. Positive correlation was found between CMT scores and bacterial contamination and between CMT scores and SCC was recorded. About 26.0% of the samples with positive CMT could be considered unsafe due to strong correlation with microbial contamination that could result in milk borne zoonoses and public health hazards. However, a greater proportion (76.9%) of the milk with negative CMT scores could be safe for human consumption after post-harvest pasteurization. Consequently, there is need to improve handling, environmental and milking hygiene; as well as proper herd and udder health management to improve quality and safety of Nigeria dairy products.

scholarly journals Diagnosing mastitis in early lactation: use of Somaticell®, California mastitis test and somatic cell count

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Ferronatto ◽  
Thaís C. Ferronatto ◽  
Marla Schneider ◽  
Lindomar F. Pessoa ◽  
Maiara G. Blagitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
California Mastitis Test

A COMPARISON OF MASTITIS DETECTION METHODS IN DAIRY CATTLE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. BATRA ◽  
A. J. McALLISTER
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test

The potential value of electrical conductivity, somatic cell count, and California Mastitis Test (CMT) Score in composite milk samples as a screening test for subclinical mastitis was evaluated. The effect of genetic group was significant (P < 0.05) for conductivity and somatic cell count while the effects of parity and month of lactation were significant (P < 0.01) for all the three traits studied. Somatic cell count and CMT score increased from first to fourth parity while there was general trend for increasing conductivity from second to fourth parity. All the three methods identified healthy cows with a good accuracy but failed to recognize a considerable proportion of infected cows. The error rate for misclassification was lowest for CMT score (9.1%), followed by somatic cell count (13.9%) and conductivity (29.4%). Composite strict foremilk samples from cows infected with primary pathogens had significantly (P < 0.01) higher conductivity than those from uninfected cows. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 60% of the milk samples and appeared to be in the major organism causing mastitis in this herd. Key words: Dairy cattle, mastitis detection methods

scholarly journals 113 Somatic cells as an indicator of quality of the cow’s milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Kirill Plemyashov ◽  
Nikolai Bogachev ◽  
Valerii G Skopichev ◽  
Nataliya A Panova ◽  
Fliura Alistratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Foam Forming ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Group 1

Abstract When udder becomes inflamed during lactation, significant increase of somatic cells count in milk occurs. That is why an express-test based on surfactant’s effects was created. For this purpose 3 groups of samples were formed according to the somatic cell count in cm 3: group 1 - over 4.0*10^5 per cm3 (60 samples); group 2 - up to 4.0*10^5 in cm3 (100 samples); group 3 (control) - 3.0*10^5 in cm3 (30 samples). Experiments were conducted in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods. Total amount of examined samples is 190. Somatic cell count in the samples was counted by viscometric method with the use of “Somatos-B.” We use the milk of animals 10–15 days after calving. Milk was mixed 1:1 with reagent, then after 3–4 tube shaking a height of foam column was determined. In the presence of somatic cells the foam forming is depressed. There was a positive reaction with column’s height from 3 to 10 (foaming) and negative reaction is considered to be from 0 to 3 (no foaming). There was a California mastitis test (CMT) as a control which is highly usable as an express-test in Leningrad region of Russia. The comparison of the results of two test show: on group 1 according to CMT 40 samples were positive, and foaming test determined 60 cases of somatic cells count increasing. On 2 group according to CMT 10 samples were positive and foaming test determined 60 cases of somatic cells count increasing. On 3 group according to CMT 1 sample was positive and foaming test not determined any somatic cells count increasing. This express method is not requires a big amount of time – it takes 8–10 seconds to mix a reagent and milk and evaluate results. So this method allows us to increase the mastitis diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals The Visual Appearance and Somatic Cell Count of Mammary Secretions Collected from Primigravid Heifers During Gestation and Early Postpartum

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1629-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Hallberg ◽  
K.J. Dame ◽  
S.T. Chester ◽  
C.C. Miller ◽  
L.K. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Early Postpartum

scholarly journals Somaticell® as a screening method for somatic cell count from bovine milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio Langoni ◽  
Daniel da Silva Penachio ◽  
Diego Borin Nóbrega ◽  
Felipe de Freitas Guimarães ◽  
Simone Baldini Lucheis
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the correlation between electronic somatic cell count (eSCC) and Somaticell® under different milk somatic cell count (SCC) conditions and to different mastitis pathogens and calculate the, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of Somaticell® using different SCC limits established by different countries. Three-hundred and forty milk samples were aseptically collected according to the California Mastitis Test (CMT) result. The Somaticell® and eSCC were carried out in all milk samples. The correlation between Somaticell® test results and electronic counts was determined according to the CMT, isolated pathogen and eSCC score. According to the SCC scores established, 26.5% milk samples showed score 1 (69-166x10³cells mL-1), 26.8% score 2 (167-418x10³cells mL-1), 27.4% score 3 (419-760x10³cells mL-1) and 19.4% score 4 (761 to 1,970x10³cells mL-1). According to Spearmann correlation test, eSCC and Somaticell® had a positive correlation (P<0.05) in almost all conditions (except eSCC score 2 and score 3). The r value obtained between the SCC and Somaticell® was 0.32. It was observed that as the SCC thresholds increased, the sensitivity values decrease and specificity increased. The predictive values remained constant among all limits. When the SCC limit is lower (<760,000cells mL-1), Somaticell® resulted in higher counts than the SCC. As for samples with high SCC, Somaticell® resulted in lower counts than the eSCC. The correlation between the two methods remained relatively constant in all conditions and the sensitivity and specificity of the test is highly dependent of the threshold established. The results of this study suggest that Somaticell® is not useful to evaluate milk SCC, as its results are significant different from the eSCC. Therefore it could be used as a screening method, such as CMT, to detect an increase in the milk SCC.

Methods to Detect Abnormal Milk – A Review

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. GORDON ◽  
H. A. MORRIS ◽  
V. PACKARD
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rolling Ball ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Rolling Ball Viscometer

Screening and confirmatory methods for detecting abnormal milk, mastitic milk, or milk of high somatic cell count are reviewed. Those procedures reviewed in some detail include the Catalase Test. Brabant Mastitis Reaction, pH and chlorine analysis, Ruakura Rolling Ball Viscometer method. California Mastitis Test (CMT), Wisconsin Mastitis Test (WMT), Optical Somatic Cell Count (OSCC). Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC), and Electronic Somatic Cell count (ESCC). Other detection methods are tabulated.

scholarly journals Effect of the type of milking on mammary gland examination in Saanen goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Silva Ramos ◽  
Viviani Gomes ◽  
Mariana Porto Matazo ◽  
Cynthia Pereira da Costa e Silva ◽  
Vinicius Alvim Passos Baldacim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Physical Exam ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Traumatic Lesions

ABSTRACT This research evaluated the effect of milking on the physical exam of the mammary gland (MG) and milk examination in Saanen goats. Six properties were selected, four farms were used after evaluation of criteria selection and distributed in two groups according to the milking method: manual or mechanical. The physical examination of MG was performed using the techniques of inspection and palpation, in addition to the examination of the milk by strip cup, California Mastitis Test, somatic cell count, and bacteriological exam. It was possible to detect an association between the milking method with the most of physical exam of the MG: inspection of the MG (p = 0.001), inspection of the teat (p = 0.002), palpation of the MG (p = 0.054) and palpation of the teat (p = 0.036). The machine milking had an association with the reduction of the volume of MG (OR = 6.00), reduction of the teat size (OR = 16.19), and firm consistency of mammary parenchyma (OR = 2.39). The use of machine milking represented a less risk for an increase of the volume of the MG volume (OR = 0.288) and the presence of cisternitis (OR = 0.490). The association between the SCC and the type of milking was also detected (p = 0.002). Machine milking was associated with changesin the physical exam of MG and milk examination compatible with traumatic lesions. This information indicates inappropriate use of milking equipment in the dairy goat’s properties.

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