Coagulase-negative staphylococci from non-mastitic bovine mammary gland: characterization ofStaphylococcus chromogenesandStaphylococcus haemolyticusby antibiotic susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Pate ◽  
Irena Zdovc ◽  
Jana Avberšek ◽  
Matjaž Ocepek ◽  
Andrej Pengov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples

During routine microbiological examination of milk samples from dairy cows without clinical signs of mastitis, quarter milk samples of 231 dairy cows from 12 herds were investigated for the presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The isolates were identified on the basis of colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase and coagulase test and the commercial kit, API Staph. CNS was detected in 29% (67/231) of the cows. A total of seven CNS species were identified with the most prevalent beingStaphylococcus (Staph.) chromogenes(30%) andStaph. haemolyticus(28·8%), followed byStaph. simulans(11·2%),Staph. xylosus(11·2%),Staph. epidermidis(7·5%),Staph. hyicus(6·3%) andStaph. sciuri(5%). The predominant species,Staph. chromogenesandStaph. haemolyticus, were further characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Considerable resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was observed in both species. Isolates with identical or highly similar PFGE profiles were detected at the herd level despite a marked heterogeneity seen for both species. On the basis of somatic cell count, absence of clinical signs of inflammation and heterogeneity of genotypes, we assume that CNS isolated in this study could not be considered as important causative agents of the bovine mammary gland inflammation.

Comparative analysis ofShigella sonneibiotype g isolated from paediatric populations in Egypt, 1999–2005

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 1614-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DEJLI ◽  
R. A. NADA ◽  
A. MANSOUR ◽  
A. A. EL-MONIEM ◽  
M. O. WASFY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Severe Diarrhoea ◽  
Plasmid Profiling ◽  
High Degree

SUMMARYStrain characteristics of 51Shigella sonneiisolates obtained from children seeking medical care (MC) and 48 isolates recovered during a prospective diarrhoea birth cohort (BC) study were compared. Biochemical characterization and antibiotic susceptibility testing determined that allS. sonneiisolates were biotype g and multidrug-resistant. Plasmid profiling identified 15 closely related patterns andXbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed the high degree of genetic similarity between isolates. AllS.sonneiisolates harbouredipaHand class II integrase genes and 84·3 and 80% of the MC and BC isolates, respectively carried thesengene. Neither the class I integrase nor thesetgene was detected. Our results indicate thatS. sonneiisolates associated with severe diarrhoea were indistinguishable from those associated with mild diarrhoea. Additional genetic tests with greater discrimination might offer an opportunity to determine genetic differences within the globally disseminating biotype g clone.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Analysis of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sadowy ◽  
Radosław Izdebski ◽  
Anna Skoczyńska ◽  
Paweł Grzesiowski ◽  
Marek Gniadkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Related Clone ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT β-Lactams are the drugs of choice for the treatment of infections caused by the important bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. The recent growth of resistance of this organism to penicillin observed worldwide is of the highest concern. In this study, using 887 surveillance pneumococcal isolates recovered in Poland from 1998 to 2002, we observed the increase in penicillin nonsusceptibility from 8.7% to 20.3%. All of the 109 penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP) isolates identified, together with 22 archival PNSP isolates from 1995 to 1997, were subsequently analyzed by susceptibility testing, serotyping, profiling of pbp genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Four predominant serotypes, serotypes 6B, 9V, 14, and 23F, characterized 85.5% of the isolates. MLST revealed the presence of 34 sequence types, 15 of which were novel types. Representatives of seven multiresistant international clones (Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, Spain9V-3, Taiwan23F-15, Poland23F-16, Poland6B-20, and Sweden15A-25) or their closely related variants comprised the majority of the study isolates. The spread of Spain9V-3 and its related clone of serotype 14/ST143 has remarkably contributed to the recent increase in penicillin resistance in pneumococci in the country.

Weekly excretion of the mammalian lignan enterolactone in milk of dairy cows fed flaxseed meal

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Gagnon ◽  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Hélène V Petit
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Flaxseed meal (FM) is rich in the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) which is converted to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone (EL) by ruminal microbiota. Feeding FM to dairy cows increases linearly EL concentration in milk but enterodiol is not detected. The objectives of the study were to determine the length of time to obtain peak EL concentration in the milk of dairy cows fed 20% FM and the length of time to return to EL baseline level in milk when cows are switched from high to low intake of flax SDG. A total of 12 multiparous lactating Holstein cows were assigned randomly to one of two feeding regimens: the control (CO) diet was fed for 6 weeks or the FM diet was fed from week 0 to 3 inclusive and then cows were switched to the control diet from week 3 to 6 inclusive. Milk samples were taken weekly for EL analysis. There was a significant interaction between feeding regimen and week for milk concentration of EL as a result of higher concentration of EL from week 1 to 3 for cows on the FM regimen compared with those on the CO regimen. Concentrations of milk EL on the FM regimen maintained uniform high levels from week 1 to 3 and they decreased significantly from week 3 to 4 when the CO diet was reintroduced in week 3. This study suggests that the conversion of SDG to the mammalian lignan EL and the transfer of EL to the mammary gland are well established after one week of feeding 20% FM in the diet of dairy cows and that milk concentration of EL returns to baseline level after one week of FM deprivation.

scholarly journals Peritonitis Associated with Vancomycin-ResistantLactobacillus rhamnosus in a Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patient: Organism Identification, Antibiotic Therapy, and Case Report

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1781-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Klein ◽  
Edith Zill ◽  
Ralf Schindler ◽  
Jacobus Louwers
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Dialysis Patient ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Patient ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Organism Identification

A case of Lactobacillus rhamnosus-associated peritonitis in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is reported. The patient was treated with vancomycin after isolation of glycopeptide-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci. After a skin rash developed, vancomycin was discontinued and replaced with teicoplanin. Seven weeks after the glycopeptide therapy was discontinued, a Lactobacillus strain was isolated in pure cultures. The isolate was identified first incorrectly as L. acidophilus but later correctly as L. rhamnosus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that the isolate was resistant to glycopeptides but susceptible to several other antibiotics. The antibiotic treatment was then switched to imipenem and was successful.

scholarly journals Genotypic Characterization of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Isolated from Sheep Milk in Slovakia

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Pilipčincová ◽  
Mangesh Bhide ◽  
Eva Dudriková ◽  
Milan Trávniček
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Hitherto very few reports are available presenting identification and molecular characterization of the coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from sheep milk in the subclinical stage of mastitis. Furthermore, very scanty data are available on the epidemiological status of CNS in different Slovak provinces. Milk samples from 54 sheep farms located in eastern Slovak region were screened. A total 240 CNS were identified with series of biochemical testes (STAPH-API) and subjected further for genotyping with the help of pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The most frequently occurring CNS species according the biochemical characterization were:S. epidermidis(36.3 %),S. caprae(21.3 %),S. hominis(6.6 %),S. chromogenes(6.3 %),S. xylosus(5.8 %),S. warneri(5.0 %) andS. capitis(4.6 %). Further PFGE-based characterization of these isolates revealed six pulsotypes of theS. epidermidis, two ofS. caprae, three ofS. chromogenes, nine ofS. hominis, five ofS. capitisand seven ofS. xylosus. These results contribute to knowledge of the epidemiological situation of the CNS from the subclinical form of mastitis in Slovakia.

Characterisation ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from mastitis bovine milk in Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela E Srednik ◽  
Valentine Usongo ◽  
Sarah Lépine ◽  
Xavier Janvier ◽  
Marie Archambault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mastitic Milk

The study reported in this Research Communication was conducted to characteriseStaphylococcus aureusisolates recovered from mastitic bovine milk from dairy herds in Argentina. A total of 829 mastitic milk samples, both clinical and subclinical, were collected from 21 farms by veterinarians and submitted to the laboratory for testing from which 229S. aureusisolates were recovered, an isolation rate of 28·1%. These isolates were tested for susceptibility to the antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Of the 229 isolates, 53 (23·1%) were resistant to penicillin, 31 (13·5%) to erythromycin and 28 (12·2%) to clindamycin. All isolates were negative for themecA,mecC andpvlgenes by PCR. Southernblot hybridisation revealed that theermC gene was located on plasmid bands. Eighty isolates were randomly selected from the 229 for further characterisation. Restriction analysis of chromosomal DNA with Cf9I followed by PFGE of the 80 isolates revealed 23 distinct pulsotypes at 80% similarity. Seven major types (A, B, N, P, S, T, U and V) accounted for 68·7% of these isolates and 12 pulsotypes (A, B, F, G, J, K, M, N, P, S, T and U) occurred on more than one farm indicating genetic diversity within the farms. MLST of a representative isolate from dominant types identified the STs 97 705, 746, 2102 and 2187 with ST97 being the most predominant. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 53·7% of the 80 randomly selected isolates were resistant to at least one of the three antibiotics tested. To our knowledge, this study represents the first large scale molecular studies onS. aureusisolates from dairy farms in Argentina.

The response of the bovine mammary gland to an infusion of staphylococci

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. S. Newbould ◽  
F. K. Neave
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

SummarySmall numbers of bovine staphylococci, usually less than 30, were infused into the teat cistern of 17 cows secreting less than 100 000 leucocytes/ml milk. Infection was assumed to have occurred if the organisms multiplied sufficiently to be recovered in the foremilk and inflammation was regarded as demonstrated if there was an increase in leucocytes. If the staphylococci were recovered at the 1st post-infusion milking they were consistently recovered thereafter and inflammation always followed but was never evident at the 1st post-infusion milking. Inflammation was usually evident by the 3rd but in one instance was delayed to the 11th post-infusion milking. There was never inflammation in the absence of infection. When there was a high probability that the infusion contained one organism or more, infection occurred in 2 of 10 quarters infused with coagulase-negative staphylococci and 23 of 25 quarters infused with coagulase-positive staphylococci.A significant positive relationship was found between the number of staphylococci found at the 1st post-infusion milking and the number of leucocytes at the 3rd postinfusion milking.

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