The response of the bovine mammary gland to an infusion of staphylococci

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. S. Newbould ◽  
F. K. Neave
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

SummarySmall numbers of bovine staphylococci, usually less than 30, were infused into the teat cistern of 17 cows secreting less than 100 000 leucocytes/ml milk. Infection was assumed to have occurred if the organisms multiplied sufficiently to be recovered in the foremilk and inflammation was regarded as demonstrated if there was an increase in leucocytes. If the staphylococci were recovered at the 1st post-infusion milking they were consistently recovered thereafter and inflammation always followed but was never evident at the 1st post-infusion milking. Inflammation was usually evident by the 3rd but in one instance was delayed to the 11th post-infusion milking. There was never inflammation in the absence of infection. When there was a high probability that the infusion contained one organism or more, infection occurred in 2 of 10 quarters infused with coagulase-negative staphylococci and 23 of 25 quarters infused with coagulase-positive staphylococci.A significant positive relationship was found between the number of staphylococci found at the 1st post-infusion milking and the number of leucocytes at the 3rd postinfusion milking.

scholarly journals MicroRNA expression profile in bovine mammary gland parenchyma infected by coagulase-positive or coagulase-negative staphylococci

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Bagnicka ◽  
Ewelina Kawecka-Grochocka ◽  
Klaudia Pawlina-Tyszko ◽  
Magdalena Zalewska ◽  
Aleksandra Kapusta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs, 21–23 nucleotides in length which are known to regulate biological processes that greatly impact immune system activity. The aim of the study was to compare the miRNA expression in non-infected (H) mammary gland parenchyma samples with that of glands infected with coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) using next-generation sequencing. The miRNA profile of the parenchyma was found to change during mastitis, with its profile depending on the type of pathogen. Comparing the CoPS and H groups, 256 known and 260 potentially new miRNAs were identified, including 32 that were differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.05), of which 27 were upregulated and 5 downregulated. Comparing the CoNS and H groups, 242 known and 171 new unique miRNAs were identified: 10 were upregulated (p ≤ 0.05), and 2 downregulated (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, comparing CoPS with H and CoNS with H, 5 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were identified; in both comparisons, differentially-expressed miRNAs were associated with the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and focal adhesion pathways. Four gene ontology terms were identified in each comparison, with 2 being common to both immune system processes and signal transduction. Our results indicate that miRNAs, especially miR-99 and miR-182, play an essential role in the epigenetic regulation of a range of cellular processes, including immunological systems bacterial growth in dendritic cells and disease pathogenesis (miR-99), DNA repair and tumor progression (miR-182).

Coagulase-negative staphylococci from non-mastitic bovine mammary gland: characterization ofStaphylococcus chromogenesandStaphylococcus haemolyticusby antibiotic susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Pate ◽  
Irena Zdovc ◽  
Jana Avberšek ◽  
Matjaž Ocepek ◽  
Andrej Pengov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples

During routine microbiological examination of milk samples from dairy cows without clinical signs of mastitis, quarter milk samples of 231 dairy cows from 12 herds were investigated for the presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The isolates were identified on the basis of colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase and coagulase test and the commercial kit, API Staph. CNS was detected in 29% (67/231) of the cows. A total of seven CNS species were identified with the most prevalent beingStaphylococcus (Staph.) chromogenes(30%) andStaph. haemolyticus(28·8%), followed byStaph. simulans(11·2%),Staph. xylosus(11·2%),Staph. epidermidis(7·5%),Staph. hyicus(6·3%) andStaph. sciuri(5%). The predominant species,Staph. chromogenesandStaph. haemolyticus, were further characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Considerable resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was observed in both species. Isolates with identical or highly similar PFGE profiles were detected at the herd level despite a marked heterogeneity seen for both species. On the basis of somatic cell count, absence of clinical signs of inflammation and heterogeneity of genotypes, we assume that CNS isolated in this study could not be considered as important causative agents of the bovine mammary gland inflammation.

Use ofN-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase to detect teat canal inflammations

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisa Kaartinen ◽  
Niels E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens ◽  
Teat Canal

Infections of the bovine mammary gland are considered to be ascending infections through the teat canal (Forbes & Hebert, 1968). With respect to skin and wound infections, staphylococci in particular adhere to and colonize traumatized areas (Mertzet al.1987).Staphylococcus aureusand coagulase-negative staphylococci can colonize the teat canal for weeks before they invade upper parts of the mammary gland (Forbes & Hebert, 1968). Such teat canal infections predispose the mammary gland to mastitic infections, particularly with the so-called ‘contagious’ mastitis pathogens, namelyStaph. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiaeandStr. dysgalactiae.

Relationship of Love, Affect and Wellbeing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Thiyam Kiran Singh ◽  
Aastha Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Close Friendship ◽  
Major Facilitator ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Love is more than a close friendship. It acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationship. Love is positive in nature and leaves a positive affect on every individual. An individual in love not only feels positive but spreads positivity around. They smile, be kind to other people, behave compassionately with everyone. If the person is happy then he is likely to be psychologically and emotionally healthy. The current study aimed at understanding the relationship between love, affect and wellbeing among young females aged between 20-25 years. The study reported a significant positive relationship between love and positive affect with the significant correlation of 0.29 at 0.05 levels (p<0.05). It was also found a significant positive relationship between love and wellbeing with the significant correlation of 0.58 at 0.01 level (p<0.01). This means that people in love experience positive emotions and healthy wellbeing. The correlation between love and negative affect came out to be insignificant. The correlation turned out to be -0.13. This means that people in love do not experience negative emotions.

0741 Effect of intrammamary infusion of chitosan hydrogels on bovine mammary gland involution after drying-off

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 355-356
Author(s):  
S. Lanctot ◽  
X. Zhao ◽  
P. Fustier ◽  
A. Taherian ◽  
B. Bisakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Involution ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels

Organization-Based Self-Esteem Affects Employees' Exchange Relationship Perceptions and Extrarole Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The 2 types of exchange relationship perceptions—social exchange relationship perceptions (SERPs) and economic exchange relationship perceptions (EERPs)—constitute the primary concept for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. Using a sample of 581 employees from Mainland China, I explored the effects of SERPs and EERPs on employee extrarole behavior (ERB), as well as the moderating effect of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationships between SERPs and ERB, and between EERPs and ERB. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between SERPs and ERB, a significant negative relationship between EERPs and ERB, and a significant moderating effect for OBSE. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Managers and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Mihaela Man
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Persistence Factors

Abstract In this research on the one hand we analyzed the relationship that exists in terms of motivational persistence and the Big Five dimensions and, on the other hand, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The results show that the conscientiousness has been identified as being in a significant positive relationship with OCB. This result is consistent with the data provided by previous researchers. The results also indicate that three conscientiousness facets are in a positive relationship with OCB. These three conscientiousness facets are self-efficacy, cautiousness and orderliness. Agreeableness was not identified as being associated with OCB. At the level of the relationship between motivational persistence factors and OCB, we have identified a significant positive relationship with only one factor: current purpose pursuing. The OCB model has two variables that work best as predictors: high scores with regard to current purpose in terms of the pursuing-motivational persistence factor, and low scores in terms of the imagination-facet of openness to experience.

scholarly journals MicroRNA expression patterns in the bovine mammary gland are affected by stage of lactation

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 6529-6535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wang ◽  
S. Moisá ◽  
M.J. Khan ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
D. Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Stage Of Lactation
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