Pre-Reformation London Summoners and the Murder of Richard Hunne

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wunderli
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Church Courts ◽  
The World ◽  
Ecclesiastical Administration ◽  
The Canterbury Tales ◽  
A Minor ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Church ◽  
Minor Character

The apparitor, usually known by his popular name, the summoner, is a minor character in ecclesiastical administration. Most of what we know about summoners has come from literature, notably from Chaucer's scathing portrait in The Canterbury Tales where the summoner is not given any of the saving graces allowed to other scoundrel-pilgrims. Chaucer's summoner, although an officer of the church courts of moral correction, practised bribery and extortion, and in his illicit sex life ‘was as hot…and lecherous as a sparrow’ his lechery was written on his scabby, syphilitic face. It is not my purpose here to dispel literary illusion, but rather to take a hard look at the world of actual summoners – those with names and careers – in pre-Reformation London. I will then single out one summoner, Charles Joseph, and examine his role in that early sixteenth-century cause célèbre: the affair of Richard Hunne. Joseph, after all, confessed to the murder of Hunne in 1514 and even implicated the vicar-general of London in the crime. With new evidence about summoners, I hope to offer a plausible solution to this baffling case.

scholarly journals Sejarah Gereja Belanda Austin Friars di City of London: Refleksi Sejarah Gerakan Reformasi � Harapan dan Tantangan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Henk Ten Napel
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
Church In The World ◽  
The Church ◽  
Formative Years

In the centre of the City of London one can find the Dutch Church Austin Friars. Thanks to the Charter granted in 1550 by King Edward VI, the Dutch refugees were allowed to start their services in the church of the old monastery of the Augustine Friars. What makes the history of the Dutch Church in London so special is the fact that the church can lay claim to being the oldest institutionalised Dutch protestant church in the world. As such it was a source of inspiration for the protestant church in the Netherlands in its formative years during the sixteenth century. Despite its long history, the Dutch Church is still alive and well today. This article will look at the origin of this church and the challenges it faced and the developments it experienced during the 466 years of its existence.

scholarly journals “Sapere audite ...” Melanchthon – sestiende-eeuse humanis en belangrike reformator

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor D'Assonville
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Philipp Melanchthon ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Reformation History ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Terwyl Philipp Melanchthon allerweë in wetenskaplike kringe in Wes-Europa sowel as die VSA erkenning geniet vir sy reuse bydrae tot die Reformasie en die Westerse universiteitswese, is hy in sommige dele van die wêreld, ongelukkig ook in Suid-Afrika, taamlik onbekend. Dikwels verdwyn hy in die skadu van Luther en Calvyn. In eie reg was sy bydrae tot die hervorming van die kerk, sowel as die ontwikkeling van geesteswetenskappe en feitlik die volledige spektrum van wetenskappe in sy tyd egter só geweldig groot dat dit moeilik is om nie slegs in die oortreffende trap daarvan te praat nie. In hierdie artikel word doelbewus aandag aan die verhouding tussen sy rol as humanistiese geleerde in die sestiende-eeuse konteks en sy bydrae as kerkhervormer gegee, om sodoende meer insig oor die agtergrond van die komplekse reformasiegeskiedenis te bied. Abstract While Philip Melanchthon enjoys wide acclaim in scientific circles in Western Europe as well as the USA for his tremendous contribution to the Reformation and establishment of Western universities, he is unfortunately relatively unknown in some parts of the world, including South Africa. Often he recedes into the shadow of Luther and Calvin. In his own right his contribution to the sixteenth-century reformation of the church and the development of the Humanities – and in fact close to the entire spectrum of the sciences of his time – was so profound that it is hard not to acclaim him to the superlative degree. In this article, attention is deliberately given to the relationship between his role as humanistic scholar in the sixteenth century context and his contribution as church reformer, in order to provide more clarity on the context of the complexity of church reformation history.

The Orientation of Churches: Some New Evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 155-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R Ali ◽  
Peter Cunich
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Old English ◽  
Directional Data ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Geomagnetic Observatory ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

We hypothesized that the important early second millennium churches in England may have been aligned using a magnetic compass. If true, the building orientations would enable the post sixteenth-century geomagnetic observatory records to be extended back several hundred years. Directional data were collected from 143 sites, most of which were constructed between the mid-eleventh and late twelfth centuries, including all of the old English cathedrals and many large church buildings in use today, as well as numerous ruined monastic sites. However, processing the data revealed that the compass was not used to align the buildings. Attempting to explain the data, we exhumed Wordsworth's suggestion that church orientation was governed by the sun's position as it rose above the horizon on the feast day of the saint to whom the church was dedicated. The data obtained in the present study suggest that Wordsworth's basic hypothesis might hold for as many as 43 per cent of the churches if sunrise and sunset positions are considered; sun-based Easter Day and equinoctial day orientations could explain a significant majority of the remaining sites.

scholarly journals „Bűzlik az ország!”

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
János Weiss
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Contemporary Situation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Character

In the drama titled Az Olaszliszkai the author sums up the essence of our contemporary situation in a Shakespearean paraphrase: “The country stinks”. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a minor character utters one of the key sentences: ”Something is rotten in the state of Denmark”. Considering the consequences of “rottenness”, we can also speak of stinking. But now, not “something” stinks, the country itself has a stench – the country is Hungary at the beginning of the 21st century. Szilárd Borbély searched for the possible literary presentation of this stinking country. But what makes a country stink? That is, what can the metaphor of “stinking” hint at? Reading the novel, Nincstelenek [The Dispossessed], we tend to think that the country stinks of poverty. However, we have only shifted the question: what exactly does “human deepness” mean? How can we define its centre or rather its core? If I had to answer this question, I would point out violence first of all. The dispossessed – the poor, the small and the other – are the ones being targeted and ill-treated. The country stinks of their suffering. In this sense, “dispossession” generally features the world of the dramas, and the present paper discusses Az Olaszliszkai in this context.

Background and legal framework

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-37
Author(s):  
Tim Thornton ◽  
Katharine Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Church Courts ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Church

This chapter considers definitions of illicit behaviour and bastardy during this period, and the ways in which they shape the sources available to us. It will commence with the theoretical legal position expounded by both ecclesiastical and secular jurisdictions. It describes the debates around annulment, separation and divorce. It considers the formal mechanisms through which behaviour was categorised and responded to, especially in the church courts, the ways these were extended in the sixteenth century, and the patterns of enforcement during the period, especially in the intense period of activity of the northern High Commission in the 1570s.

A Mennonite Approach to Business Ethics

2001 ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Halteman
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Ethical Standard ◽  
Business World ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Kingdoms ◽  
The Church ◽  
The U.S

Mennonites in the U.S. trace their roots back to the early sixteenth century Anabaptist reformers in Europe. Believing that the church is to give a foretaste of the coming kingdom of God, Mennonites emphasize discipleship, community, and the conviction that God works in the world through two distinct kingdoms. In the early days of persecution, the divide between the two kingdoms was clear, but, as Mennonites became mainstreamed in a tolerant society, the divide between secular and sacred became ambiguous. Mennonites believe that faith calls them to a higher ethical standard in business than they can expect of society at large: to be in the business world but not of it. Discipleship means witnessing to the non-Christian world. Consequently, Mennonite businesspersons seek to be servant-managers and servant-owners.

A Smoked Pig, Monsters, and Sheep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Local Church ◽  
Church Leadership ◽  
Church Courts ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Church

How did the clerical leadership of the church in Poland and Prussia respond to the early Reformation? This chapter shows that paradoxical but ultimately ‘lax’ policy towards Lutheranism was not just a feature of royal government in this monarchy, but one also shared by the local church. Polish bishops issued fierce statutes against heresy, and their clergy wrote anti-Lutheran polemics, but the reality behind this rhetoric was rather different. Of the sixty or so individuals tried by church courts for Lutheranism, 90 per cent went unpunished. Being ‘of the Lutheran sect’ was treated as a minor misdemeanour; by contrast, fornicating clergy went to jail. Polish bishops preferred to convert Lutherans in private, and much local polemic was irenic. A minority of clergy found such ‘toleration’ reprehensible, but the Polish church leadership joined with Sigismund I in seeing Lutherans as people in theological error, but not an Other requiring urgent persecution.

John Erskine of Dun: A Theological Reassessment

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bardgett
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Church

John Erskine of Dun has recently been pigeon-holed as a ‘Lutheran’; his patterns of thought sharply distinguished from those of his colleague, John Knox. The aim of this paper is to re-examine the theological contexts of this neglected yet crucial Scots reformer and laird. His was a career of particular interest, combining the spheres of lairdly politics and leadership in the reformed Kirk. Besides, an active lifespan of sixty and more years was not given to many in the sixteenth century. John Erskine, laird of the barony of Dun in Angus (between Brechin and Montrose), in addition to enjoying an unusually long life, (born c. 1509: died 1589/90) is also distinguished by his capacity for political survival. One who was never to be so closely connected with the various political factions as to fall with them in their turn, he was rarely so far from the centre of power as to be endangered by any lack of influential friends. To this intricate personal balancing-act was added the further complication of a genuine search for God that brought him to a protestant faith at a date when such beliefs were both heretical and criminal, and later to a belief in the independent jurisdiction of the church at a time when successive governments of Scotland were attempting to assert their authority in ecclesiastical matters.

Prosperity, Charisma, and the Problem of Gender

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Church Leadership ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Pentecostal Theology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church

This chapter explores the tension between charisma and prosperity through a discussion of gender, especially as it relates to church leadership. In Pentecostal congregations on the Copperbelt, as in other parts of the world, women are generally not given the same authority as men, despite the democratic thrust of Pentecostal theology. Rather than argue that the subordination of women in Pentecostal groups is simply an extension of dominant ideas about gender into the church, this chapter shows that on the Copperbelt Pentecostal gender politics are a result of the need to keep prosperity in its proper place. This is because prosperity and charisma represent social orientations that are both gendered and gendering. Prosperity is a female social orientation, while charisma is a male social orientation. By subordinating female leaders, then, believers are also subordinating prosperity, attempting in the process to keep it in its proper place.

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