Integrating Macro–Micro Practice

Social work sets itself apart in the “helping professions” in recognizing the significance of its students and practitioners engaging with the theoretical knowledge and practice experiences sufficient for fluency across macro to micro settings. This practice integration assures comprehensive understanding of person-in-environment, from casework to complex systems work, and is raised to an ethical standard in the National Association of Social Work Code of Ethics and in the International Federation of Social Work Principles. Yet macro-oriented scholars have accused social work educators and professionals of abandoning their obligation to social justice and policy participation and of focusing their energy instead on micro practice. This literature is helpful in addressing how integrated practice can be achieved and informs the development of social workers who solidly embrace a commitment to macro knowledge and participation.

Deviance from the ethical standard of reporting child sexual abuse in daily newspapers of Bangladesh

Since child sexual abuse (CSA) is one of the most serious public health issues, how CSA cases and victims are portrayed in the daily newspapers is a major concern to the public health and communication specialists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of the ethical standard of reporting CSA in Bangladeshi newspapers, as well as to identify the potential risk factors associated with unethical reporting. From January to December 2017, a total of 1093 news stories on CSA were collected from four top circulated Bengali newspapers and two English newspapers of Bangladesh. Berelson’s quantitative content analysis approach (only manifest content) was used to analyze these stories. For the coding and analysis purpose, news items (texts and news with photos) of spot news, editorials, and commentaries were included. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the bivariate association of different case characteristics with unethical reporting, and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to assess the potential risk factors of disclosing the victim’s identity and needless detail in the news description. This study revealed that more than 40% of news stories on CSA cases did not follow the ethical standard of reporting. Episodic CSA cases were more unethically reported in newspapers, compared to the thematic stories (42.8% vs. 11.6%). Approximately 37% of news stories disclosed at least one identifying information of victims (i.e., name, parents’ name, family member’s name, or school name), and 23% of stories included sensual and/or excessive description of the event. Our adjusted model showed that victim identifiers were most likely to be reported in news stories when the victim was 13–17 years old (AOR 1.86; P = 0.027), the alleged perpetrator held influential social status (AOR 2.44, P = 0.005), the victim was familiar to the perpetrator (AOR 6.85, P < 0.001), and when public reaction against the CSA incident was reported (AOR 2.75, P < 0.001). In addition, if there was a public reaction to any CSA occurrence, the chances of unnecessary extensive coverage increased by 1.82 times. In conclusion, Bangladeshi newspapers often publish CSA stories without maintaining the ethical standard of reporting and thus ignore child rights.

Can We Commit Future Managers to Honesty?

In a competitive business environment, dishonesty can pay. Self-interested executives and managers can have incentive to shade the truth for personal gain. In response, the business community has considered how to commit these executives and managers to a higher ethical standard. The MBA Oath and the Dutch Bankers Oath are examples of such a commitment device. The question we test herein is whether the oath can be used as an effective form of ethics management for future executives/managers—who for our experiment we recruited from a leading French business school—by actually improving their honesty. Using a classic Sender-Receiver strategic game experiment, we reinforce professional identity by pre-selecting the group to which Receivers belong. This allows us to determine whether taking the oath deters lying among future managers. Our results suggest “yes and no.” We observe that these future executives/managers who took a solemn honesty oath as a Sender were (a) significantly more likely to tell the truth when the lie was detrimental to the Receiver, but (b) were not more likely to tell the truth when the lie was mutually beneficial to both the Sender and Receiver. A joint product of our design is our ability to measure in-group bias in lying behavior in our population of subjects (comparing behavior of subjects in the same and different business schools). The experiment provides clear evidence of a lack of such bias.

Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Etika Manajemen di MAN 1 Kota Jambi

This study aims to describe the leadership style of madrasah heads in improving management ethics in MAN 1 Jambi City. This study uses qualitative methods. Data collection techniques using observations, interviews, and documentation. The results found that in improving management ethics in madrasah, the principal adhered to a democratic leadership style. The application of democratic leadership to establish management ethics goes well, resulting in positive values such as values of service orientation, integrity, commitment, discipline, cooperation and all actions based on ethical criteria, namely in terms of benefits, the fulfillment of rights, the justice side, and the maintenance side. There are three values of management ethics obtained, namely personal value as an ethical standard, terminal value (purpose); and instrumental value.

Does your corporation “care”? Exploring an ethical standard for communicating CSR relationships online

A qualitative content analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) webpages of top-ranked corporations was conducted to determine the ethical nature of online communications surrounding nonprofit partnerships. Are corporations giving nonprofits their fair share of online publicity? All CSR-related webpages from the top 30 Fortune’s 500 Most Admired Corporations for 2017 were examined. Ethical principles from public relations communications regarding open, honest, and transparent information sharing guided textual analysis. Evidence shows that CSR website communications often engage in self-promotion rather than genuine and mutually beneficial support for nonprofit partners. Through corporate branding of CSR activities, advertising through philanthropy stories, and exploiting employee volunteerism and donations, the balance of CSR relationships tilts heavily in the corporation’s favor. Yet, public relations practitioners have a special calling to be the “ethical conscience” of their organizations. Understanding how corporations can provide ethical communications about their nonprofit partners helps guide ethical voice of the practice. This study is unique for looking specifically at the ethics of corporate CSR communications themselves and for addressing the nonprofit perspective of CSR, which is often overlooked. While nonprofits may benefit from CSR relationships, this article shows that opportunities for mutually beneficial communications about these relationships may be lacking.

NEEDS TO ADOPT PROFESSIONAL ETHICAL STANDARD IN SECRETARIAL PRACTICE IN THE ERA OF ICT FOR OPTIMUM PRODUCTIVITY IN ORGANIZATIONS

The study was designed to determine the need to adopt professional ethical standard in secretarial practice in the era of ICT for optimum productivity in organizations. The population of the study consisted of 182 respondents which is made up of Office Technology and Management lecturers programme and managers of organizations in Asaba metropolis in Delta State. A structured questionnaire which was validated by three experts guided the study. Cronbach Alpha technique was used to establish the reliability of the instrument before it was administered on the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Z-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. A 4 point rating scale was used as a guide for respondents. The boundary real limit was that any item with mean value of 2.50 was regarded as agreed, while any mean item with mean value of less than 2.50 was regarded as disagreed. It was concluded that respondents agreed that there is need to adopt ethical standard for secretarial practice, also that there is the need to be aware of special skills for secretarial practice in the era of ICT for optimum productivity. It was recommended among others that professional secretaries should be abreast with ethical standard and special skills required to excel in the ICT era for optimum productivity in organizations.

Implementing a Review Process to Facilitate and Prioritize COVID-19 Research: Staying One Step Ahead of the Pandemic

The first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient in the state of New Jersey (NJ) was admitted on March 2, 2020. With the number of hospitalized patients increasing exponentially in the following days and no established treatment approaches, research was to play a significant role in this fight. To facilitate review of all COVID-19 research proposals in a large health care network in NJ, we established the COVID-19 Research Review Committee (RRC) and implemented a peer-review process prior to the Institutional Review Board submission. The RRC was tasked with processing, soliciting, reviewing, and prioritizing research proposals and was comprised of a multidisciplinary group of reviewers. Within a 9-week period, three network-wide requests for proposals were released with 238 proposals submitted and 93 approved, an approval rate of 39%. The establishment of the RRC helped ensure scientific merit, better utilization of resources, collaborations across disciplines and network hospitals, and compliance with applicable regulatory and ethical standard.

About Formation of International Ethical Digital Environment with Smart Artificial Intelligence

Intellectual agent ensembles allow you to create digital environment by professional images with language, behavioral and active communications, when images and communications are implemented by agents with smart artificial intelligence. Through language, behavioral and active communications, intellectual agents implement collective activities. The ethical standard through intelligent agents allows you to regulate the safe use of ensembles made of robots and digital doubles with creative communication artificial intelligence in the social sphere, industry and other professional fields. The use of intelligent agents with smart artificial intelligence requires responsibility from the developer and owner for harming others. If harm to others occurred due to the mistakes of the developer, then he bears responsibility and costs. If the damage to others occurred due to the fault of the owner due to non-compliance with the terms of use, then he bears responsibility and costs. Ethical standard and legal regulation help intellectual agents with intelligent artificial intelligence become professional members of society. Ensembles of intelligent agents ith smart artificial intelligence will be able to safely work with society as professional images with skills, knowledge and competencies, implemented in the form of retrained digital twins and cognitive robots that interact through language, behavioral and active ethical communications. Cognitive robots and digital doubles through self-developing ensembles of intelligent agents with synergistic interaction and intelligent artificial intelligence can master various high-tech professions and competencies. Their use in the industry increases labor productivity and economic efficiency of production. Their application in the social sphere improves the quality of life of a person and society. Their widespread application requires compliance with an ethical standard so that their use does not cause harm. The introduction and use of an ethical standard for the use of cognitive robots and digital doubles with smart artificial intelligence increases the safety of their use. Ethical relationships between individuals and intellectual agents will also be governed by an ethical standard.