Saint Stephen and the Jerusalem Temple

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Simon

It has often been noted that St. Stephen stands, at first sight, as an isolated figure in the history of the early Church. His theological thought, as expressed in his speech (Acts vii), is very personal and, if compared with other forms of primitive Christian thought, almost completely aberrant. Its main characteristic is a strongly antiritualistic trend, and a fierce hostility towards the Temple, which he obviously considers almost as a place of idolatry. The building up of the Temple by Solomon seems in his eyes to stand on the same plane as the making of the Golden Calf. It is the last of those many and grievous sins and apostasies which mark the whole course of Israelite history. He thus clearly demonstrates that the accusations produced against him by so-called ‘false witnesses’, and which motivated his trial, were perfectly well founded: lie had indeed spoken ‘blasphemous words against this holy place’ and, ipso facto, against at least part of the Law.

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
The Law ◽  

The surviving image of the Elizabethan and Jacobean solicitor was created for us by the pamphleteers and playmongers, who could be sure of immediate applause or popular sympathy by introducing into their work a few caricatures drawn from the seamier recesses of the legal world. We are encouraged by these writers to imagine a London plagued by these vermin of the law, scurrying in and around the Temple and lurking in the shadows of Westminster Hall, waiting to pounce on the unsuspecting bumpkin who had the misfortune to wander near their reach. Whether and to what extent these portraits bear any relation to reality are questions which social historians have yet to answer. Legal historians have made but a slight contribution to the history of solicitors during the period which, for them, was the most critical of all. To this period may be assigned the beginning of a process of demarcation between the functions of barristers and solicitors, and when we understand how this came about we shall have traced for the first time the origin of the solicitors' branch of the profession.


Author(s):  
Jason Moralee

Chapter 6 asks what Christians were supposed to learn from the Capitol’s cycle of destructions. When temples were destroyed in antiquity, through either the violence of nature or violent intentional acts, invariably the event was seen as a portentous disaster. The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was destroyed three times, in 83 BCE, 69 CE, and 80 CE. Christian intellectuals simplified the Capitol’s history of destructions by equating them with those of other famous temples, such as the Jerusalem Temple and the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. No matter the time or the place, temple destructions had a single cause: an interconnected history of God’s anger stretching from the past to the present and even into the future.


Images ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Fine

The Arch of Titus, constructed circa 81 CE under the emperor Domitian, commemorates the victory of the general, then emperor Titus in the Jewish War of 66–74 CE. Located on Rome’s Via Sacra, the Arch has been a “place of memory” for Romans, Christians and Jews since antiquity. This essay explores the history of a Jewish counter-memory of a bas relief within the arch that depicts the triumphal procession of the Jerusalem Temple treasures into Rome in 71 CE. At least since the early modern period, Jews—as well as British Protestants—came to believe that the menorah bearers of this relief represent Jews, and not Roman triumphadors. This essay addresses the history of this widespread belief, particularly during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and continuing in contemporary Israel.


2021 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Phillip Sidney Horky

AbstractThis essay tracks a brief history of the concept of ‘co-breathing’ or ‘conspiration’ (συμπνοία), from its initial conception in Stoic cosmology in the third century BCE to its appropriation in Christian thought at the end of the second century CE. This study focuses on two related strands: first, how the term gets associated anachronistically with two paradigmatic philosopher-physicians, Hippocrates and Pythagoras, by intellectuals in the Early Roman Empire; and second, how the same term provides the early Church Fathers with a means to synthesize and explain discrete notions of ‘breath’ (πνεῦμα) through a repurposing of the pagan concept. Sources discussed include figures associated with Stoic, Pythagorean, and early Christian cosmologies.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Muhammad Thaib Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
The Law ◽  

The story of David a.s. in the history of the religious world is a very important one, because all the religions of the world recognize that David a.s is descended from Ya'qub a.s descendant of his son Yahuza. Allah Almighty has made him a prophet and a king. The Bible scholars have mentioned it in the Bible and in the Bible. God has revealed the book of Psalms as a guide in carrying out his preaching. Allah believes in the Qur'an: "" وآﺗﻴﻨﺎ داود زﺑﻮرا (we have descended to David the book of Psalms). ) for 356 years During that time the Children of Israel became a weak and weak people, even though they lived in wickedness and wickedness and abandoned the law of Allah Sw. As a goat had no shepherd, God sent down a prophet called Shamwil. with great enthusiasm they were able to defeat their enemies A young boy named David immediately took up his challenge. But Jalut thought the challenge was incomparable. Then David and the men of Israel were able to kill him and his men. Once David's name became known among the Children of Israel, they finally adopted him as king. When David was 40 years old God raised him up as a prophet and referred to Psalm as his holy book. David.s has a beautiful and beautiful voice. While reading the book of Zabur in a melodious voice, so that the bird in flight immediately stopped to remember Allah Swt. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) praised the beauty of David's voice. After carrying out his pamphlet among the Children of Israel, he died at the age of 70. In the history of the Islamic scholar David at the age of 100, and was buried in the Temple of Palestine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
David Katzin

Abstract This study posits that the Temptation pericope of Matt 4:1–11 and the Psalm Pesher (4QpPsa, 4Q171) are based on a common tradition. Underlying this tradition is a dual-tripartite construct of testing/temptation. This is based on the three Pentateuchal wilderness tests encountered by Israel which are identifiable through the root נ–ס–ה/“test:” keeping the law, false prophecy leading to idolatry, and testing God. Conflated, and individually correlated with this, are the three nets of Belial: “fornication,” “wealth,” and “profanation of the Temple,” respectively. Also going beyond the biblical narrative are the Devil acting in circumlocution for God, the venues, forms of testing, and lexicon used in corresponding testing sections of these two texts. Only through Psalm 37, together with its exegesis in 4Q171, is this shared tradition recognized. In conclusion, the provenance and diachronic history of this tradition, which resulted in differing understandings of it, is investigated.


2020 ◽  
pp. 279-295
Author(s):  
Władysław Łydka

&. e need for multiple integration in Christology as well as the Christologicalcorrelation of all theology must not raise any doubts nowadays. As we haveseen, this is supported by the clear indications of the last Council as well as bythe multiple tendencies that can be seen in the post-conciliar renewal of theology.e Christological correlation of theology profoundly corresponds notonly to its unity, but also to its return to biblical sources, to apostolic traditionand its kerygmatic character, the proclamation of the mystery of salvation andthe call to faith. Similarly, the systematic integration of Christology itself, thegreater link between biblical and speculative Christology and the mystery of theIncarnation and the mystery of Redemption allow it be possible to make fromthe mystery of Christ the central theme of the entire lecture on dogmatic theologyand, more importantly, to show Christ and his salvific works as eternallyliving and highest value in which we are involved and to which we are to makea full consecration. e integration of the different directions of Christologybetter reflects the unfathomable richness of the revealed truth about Christand the history of constant efforts of Christian thought to penetrate this truthmost deeply. It also takes into account the specific circumstances that haveled to the gradual clarification of the various aspects of the mystery of Christin dogmatic definitions. Finally, it emphasises the fact that one and the sameChristian faith has been expressed over the centuries in different traditions in theEast and West, and that there has almost always been a variety of theologicalapproaches to one and the same Christological dogma. erefore, such an integrationof Christology is of great importance for the preparation of ecumenicaldialogue and the proper exposition of the problems of theological pluralism andreinterpretation of dogmas.3. However, it is difficult to find any ideal way to achieve this correlation and integration.Attempts made so far show many different possibilities, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. As for the Christological correlationof the whole theology, especially the dogmatic, one can take Christology – thescience, the work and Christ Himself – as the starting point for the lectureof all other theological treatises because the whole salvific economy of God wasrevealed to us fully only in the mystery of Christ. It is also possible, followingthe traditional dogmatic system, to consider Christology as a central theologicaltreatise and to show that the whole revelation of God and the history of salvationwere directed towards Christ, that in him they found their full realisation,and that the further history of salvation in the Church in the world until thesecond coming of the Lord is the continuation of Christ’s salvific work andderives its meaning and effectiveness from the mystery of the Incarnation andRedemption. e systematic integration of Christology itself can also take ondifferent forms. It is possible to move from Christ’s work, His words and deedsto His person, or from Christ’s person to His work. In other words, it is possibleto begin by showing what Christ has done, and then analyse who he was, or viceversa. e first way is probably more in line with the biblical phenomenologicalcharacter of the latest approaches to Christology. e second follows the lineof traditional concepts.Integration in the historical direction can also be carried out in differentways. e prospective method recommended by the Council can be adopted,i.e. to show the gradual development of the revelation of the mystery of Christin St. and N. e Testament and the development of an awareness of faith in thismystery in the history of the Church up to the present day, the formation of differenttraditions and many theological approaches, while preserving the essentialidentity of faith, is precise where necessary in symbols of faith and dogmaticdefinitions. It is also possible to use a more traditional retrospective method,i.e. to present today’s awareness of the Church’s faith in the mystery of Christwith various theological controversies and emerging problems, and, going backthrough centuries of Church tradition and the development of theological thought,to show the whole historical-biblical background of Christian Christology. iswill prove its identity and at the same time its constant development and richnessof views. us, theologians, lecturers and textbook authors have differentpossibilities to implement the postulates of correlation and integration. elack of one ready-made model in this field as a result of the ongoing processof post-conciliar renewal of the entire theology sometimes gives rise to someanxiety. However, it is a creative anxiety, protecting against routine and ossification.is situation makes it necessary to rethink and adapt the lectures on thecentral mystery of Christianity to the current conditions and needs of the listenersin order to revive their faith and commitment to the salvific work of Christ.


2019 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Андрей Выдрин

В статье исследуется повествование книг Паралипоменон об учреждении царем Давидом порядка храмового ритуала (1 Пар. 23-25). Автор показывает, что, согласно мировоззрению Летописца, Иерусалимский Храм и его богослужение занимали важнейшее место в жизни древнего Израиля. Однако в послепленную эпоху в результате развития социальных и религиозных учреждений появились различные обычаи, относящиеся к служению священников и левитов, которые не соответствовали законам Пятикнижия, поэтому сознавалась острая необходимость установления преемственной связи с эпохой дарования Закона. Таким образом, Летописец легитимирует двадцать четыре священнические группы, а также гильдии храмовых певцов-музыкантов, существовавших в его время. Кроме того, писатель изменяет возраст вступления левитов на их служение при Храме. Для этой цели он по-своему интерпретирует отдельные предписания Пятикнижия, в частности сочетая ссылки на традицию и на закон в лице Аарона, а также отождествляя пророческую заповедь Давида с законами Моисея. The article explores the information given in the books of Chronicles concerning the establishment of the order of temple worship by King David (1 Chron. 23-25). The A. shows that, according to the Chronicler’s worldview, the Jerusalem Temple and its divine service occupied an important place in the life of ancient Israel. However, in the aftermath of the epoch, as a result of the development of social and religious institutions, there appeared various customs related to the ministry of priests and Levites, which did not comply with the laws of the Pentateuch, therefore, there was an urgent need to establish a continuity with the era of the Law. Thus, the Chronicler legitimizes the twenty-four priestly groups, as well as the guilds of temple singers and musicians that existed in his time. In addition, the writer changes the age of entry of the Levites to their ministry at the Temple. For this purpose, he interprets in his own way the separate prescriptions of the Pentateuch combining references to tradition and the law in the person of Aaron, as well as identifying the prophetic commandments of David with the laws of Moses.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Putu Dana Yasa ◽  
I Wayan Redi ◽  
I Nyoman Piartha

<p><em>The temple is a holy place of Hindu religion to worship and connect to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi and all His manifestations. Pura Dalem in Desa Pakraman Julah is a group of Pura Kahyangan Tiga in Desa Pakraman Julah. Pura Dalem Julah has a uniqueness that is from the history of the founding of the temple which is believed to have existed long before Mpu Kuturan conduct pasamuan in Pura Samuan Tiga. Another uniqueness seen from the temple structure that does not use the concept of Tri Mandala and when the piodalan not use all kinds of types of facilities in rolling and piodalan activities should not be until the night. Based on the background of the problem can be formulated problems as follows: (1) How the existence of Pura Dalem in Pakraman Julah Village, Tejakula District, Buleleng District, (2) How Pura Dalem Function in Pakraman Julah Village (3) The Meaning of Pura Dalem in Pakraman Village Julah.</em></p><p><em>In this study using three theories, namely: (1) the theory of existentialism, (2) structural functional theory and (3) the theory of religion. This research is a qualitative field research. Data collection methods were conducted in three ways, namely (1) observation, (2) interview and (3) library study. This research is presented in the form of descriptive or narrative is creative and deep.</em></p><p><em>The results obtained are: Existence Pura Dalem in Pakraman Village Julah can not be separated from a very long history. The existence of Pura Dalem is believed by the Julah community to have a very important role to maintain the harmony of the Julah community. Pura Dalem is divided into three parts: Pura Dalem Kawitan, Pura Dalem Beneh / Bali, and Pura Dalem Jawa. Pura Dalem Julah has several functions namely social function, unifying function of ummah as well as religious function. The meaning contained in Pura Dalem is the meaning of ethics, aesthetics and the meaning of harmony. Pura Dalem has a very important role for the community Julah.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>


Author(s):  
Anthony Briggman

When it comes to the history of Christian thought, Irenaeus is most famous as the greatest opponent of Gnosticism in the early Church. For that reason his polemic has received considerable attention and at times his polemical significance has overshadowed his importance as a theologian. But a focus on his polemical significance was not the only thing that discouraged nuanced analysis of his theological account. For his theological ability and even intelligence have been impugned for generations. As a result central aspects of Irenaeus’ thought have gone unexplored—especially the metaphysical dimension of his theology. This Introduction locates this study within the scholarly conversation about Irenaeus that has taken place over the past two centuries, and then summarizes the themes and chapters that constitute the study proper.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document