Solicitors and the Law of Maintenance 1590–1640

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
The Law ◽  

The surviving image of the Elizabethan and Jacobean solicitor was created for us by the pamphleteers and playmongers, who could be sure of immediate applause or popular sympathy by introducing into their work a few caricatures drawn from the seamier recesses of the legal world. We are encouraged by these writers to imagine a London plagued by these vermin of the law, scurrying in and around the Temple and lurking in the shadows of Westminster Hall, waiting to pounce on the unsuspecting bumpkin who had the misfortune to wander near their reach. Whether and to what extent these portraits bear any relation to reality are questions which social historians have yet to answer. Legal historians have made but a slight contribution to the history of solicitors during the period which, for them, was the most critical of all. To this period may be assigned the beginning of a process of demarcation between the functions of barristers and solicitors, and when we understand how this came about we shall have traced for the first time the origin of the solicitors' branch of the profession.

Author(s):  
Н. Н. Грибов ◽  
Т. А. Марьенкина ◽  
Н. В. Иванова

В статье представлены предварительные результаты первых масштабных археологических исследований в нижней части Нижегородского кремля. Раскоп, заложенный в зоне воссоздания храма Святого Симеона Столпника, вскрыл культурные отложения двух периодов - XIII - начала XV в. и XVI - середины XVIII в. Впервые средневековая усадебная застройка Нижнего Новгорода зафиксирована на таком элементе волжской долины, как береговой склон. Выдающееся значение для нижегородской археологии имеют обнаружение стратифицированных культурных напластований XIII - начала XV в. и зафиксированный на стратиграфических разрезах перерыв в активном освоении городской территории, соответствующий большей части XV в. Предложена реконструкция истории освоения раскопанного участка. Выяснилось, что связанный с храмом малоизвестный нижегородский Симеоновский монастырь вряд ли существовал до строительства Нижегородского кремля. Наиболее раннее, предположительно, монастырское сооружение, возникшее после исчезновения усадебной застройки XIII - начала XV в., датировано концом XV - серединой XVI в. С этим периодом связано строительство деревянного моста, обеспечивавшего транспортное сообщение между «нагорным» и приречным районами города. Обнаружение остатков этого свайного сооружения существенно корректирует известную реконструкцию застройки кремлевской территории начала XVII в., выполненную по письменным источникам. Дано обоснование времени функционирования обнаруженного некрополя Симеоновского монастыря в пределах середины XVI - начала XVIII в., приведена общая характеристика изученных погребений. В общеисторическом контексте материалы исследований представляют интерес для изучения процессов, сопровождающих превращение удельных городских центров в города Московской Руси. The article presents preliminary results of the first large-scale archaeological research in the lower part of the Nizhniy Novgorod Kremlin. The excavation, laid in the area of the reconstruction of the Church of St. Simeon the Stylite, uncovered cultural layer of two periods - the XIII - early XV centuries and the XVI - mid XVIII centuries. For the first time, the medieval estate development of Nizhniy Novgorod was recorded on such an element of the Volga valley as the coastal slope. The discovery of stratified cultural strata of the XIII - early XV centuries and the break in the active development of urban territory recorded on stratigraphic sections, corresponding to most of the XV century, are of outstanding significance for Nizhniy Novgorod archeology. The reconstruction of the history of development of the excavated site is proposed. It turned out that the little-known Nizhniy Novgorod Simeon monastery associated with the temple hardly existed before the construction of the Nizhniy Novgorod Kremlin. The earliest, presumably, monastic structure that arose after the disappearance of the manor buildings of the XIII -early XV centuries., dated to the end of the XV - mid XVI centuries. This period is associated with the construction of a wooden bridge that provided transport links between the «Nagorny» and riverine districts of the city. The discovery of the remains of this pile structure significantly corrects the well-known reconstruction of the Kremlin territory of the beginning of the XVII century, made according to written sources. The justification for the functioning of the necropolis discovered Simeon monastery in the middle of the XVI century - beginning of the XVIII centuries, the general characteristics of the studied burials. In the general historical context, the research materials are of interest for studying the processes that accompany the transformation of specific urban centers into cities of Muscovite Russia.


2019 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Татьяна Юрьевна Токарева ◽  
Нина Викторовна Холодкова

Из настоящей статьи читатель узнает непростую историю уникального экспоната из собрания Сергиево-Посадского музея-заповедника. Речь идёт об иконе Богоматери «Одигитрии» Смоленской - едва ли не единственной в стране каменной иконе XV в. Признанная в XVIII веке чудотворной, она стала главной святыней специально построенного на территории Троице-Сергиевой лавры храма в её честь. Эта икона получила со временем несколько ценных и изысканных украшений. Об этих предметах и их вкладчиках впервые приводятся подробные сведения в данной статье. Также впервые освещается история иконы и оклада в советский период (в частности, рассказывается о реконструкции утрат на иконе (головы младенца), передаче оклада в Гохран и его возврате). В настоящее время в исторической экспозиции музея впервые за последние 100 лет икона и отреставрированный оклад показаны единым комплексом. This article tells the reader the complicated story of a unique exhibit from the collection of the Sergiev Posad Museum-Reserve. It is about the icon of the Mother of God "Hodegetria" of Smolensk - perhaps the only stone icon of the XV century in the country. Recognised as miraculous in the XVIII century, it became the main sacred thing of the temple in its honour built on the territory of the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra. This icon has received several valuable and exquisite decorations over time. These items and their contributors are detailed for the first time in this article. The history of the icon and the case in the Soviet period is also covered for the first time (in particular, the reconstruction of the losses on the icon (the head of the child), the transfer of the case to the Gokhran and its return). Now for the first time in the last 100 years, the icon and the restored case are displayed as a single complex in the museum's historical exposition.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Muhammad Thaib Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
The Law ◽  

The story of David a.s. in the history of the religious world is a very important one, because all the religions of the world recognize that David a.s is descended from Ya'qub a.s descendant of his son Yahuza. Allah Almighty has made him a prophet and a king. The Bible scholars have mentioned it in the Bible and in the Bible. God has revealed the book of Psalms as a guide in carrying out his preaching. Allah believes in the Qur'an: "" وآﺗﻴﻨﺎ داود زﺑﻮرا (we have descended to David the book of Psalms). ) for 356 years During that time the Children of Israel became a weak and weak people, even though they lived in wickedness and wickedness and abandoned the law of Allah Sw. As a goat had no shepherd, God sent down a prophet called Shamwil. with great enthusiasm they were able to defeat their enemies A young boy named David immediately took up his challenge. But Jalut thought the challenge was incomparable. Then David and the men of Israel were able to kill him and his men. Once David's name became known among the Children of Israel, they finally adopted him as king. When David was 40 years old God raised him up as a prophet and referred to Psalm as his holy book. David.s has a beautiful and beautiful voice. While reading the book of Zabur in a melodious voice, so that the bird in flight immediately stopped to remember Allah Swt. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) praised the beauty of David's voice. After carrying out his pamphlet among the Children of Israel, he died at the age of 70. In the history of the Islamic scholar David at the age of 100, and was buried in the Temple of Palestine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
David Katzin

Abstract This study posits that the Temptation pericope of Matt 4:1–11 and the Psalm Pesher (4QpPsa, 4Q171) are based on a common tradition. Underlying this tradition is a dual-tripartite construct of testing/temptation. This is based on the three Pentateuchal wilderness tests encountered by Israel which are identifiable through the root נ–ס–ה/“test:” keeping the law, false prophecy leading to idolatry, and testing God. Conflated, and individually correlated with this, are the three nets of Belial: “fornication,” “wealth,” and “profanation of the Temple,” respectively. Also going beyond the biblical narrative are the Devil acting in circumlocution for God, the venues, forms of testing, and lexicon used in corresponding testing sections of these two texts. Only through Psalm 37, together with its exegesis in 4Q171, is this shared tradition recognized. In conclusion, the provenance and diachronic history of this tradition, which resulted in differing understandings of it, is investigated.


1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Simon

It has often been noted that St. Stephen stands, at first sight, as an isolated figure in the history of the early Church. His theological thought, as expressed in his speech (Acts vii), is very personal and, if compared with other forms of primitive Christian thought, almost completely aberrant. Its main characteristic is a strongly antiritualistic trend, and a fierce hostility towards the Temple, which he obviously considers almost as a place of idolatry. The building up of the Temple by Solomon seems in his eyes to stand on the same plane as the making of the Golden Calf. It is the last of those many and grievous sins and apostasies which mark the whole course of Israelite history. He thus clearly demonstrates that the accusations produced against him by so-called ‘false witnesses’, and which motivated his trial, were perfectly well founded: lie had indeed spoken ‘blasphemous words against this holy place’ and, ipso facto, against at least part of the Law.


Author(s):  
Choong John

This chapter discusses some of the key powers of a Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) tribunal under Rules 27 and 31. The 2016 edition of the SIAC Rules makes clear for the first time in the history of SIAC that the tribunal's prescribed powers are subject to any agreement of the parties. But that does not mean the tribunal can only exercise its powers under Rule 27 upon an agreement of the parties or after being requested to do so by a party. A tribunal can exercise its powers under Rule 27 of its own motion (i.e. sua sponte). Under Rule 31, the tribunal has the power to determine the law applicable to the substance of a dispute (in the absence of the parties having agreed the applicable law) and to determine a dispute on equitable grounds (if authorized to do so by the parties).


Author(s):  
Eileen H. Tamura

This chapter recounts how President Franklin Roosevelt signed Public Law (PL) 405 on July 1, 1944, which amended the Nationality Act of 1940 to allow U.S. citizens living in the United States to renounce their citizenship during wartime. Although not stated explicitly, the law was aimed at dissident Nisei. As Manzanar Project Director Ralph Merritt remarked of the statute, “This is the first time in the history of a civilized nation that a government has permitted a citizen, during a state of war, to renounce his citizenship.” Officials had several motives for favoring such a law. Some sought to have renunciants exchanged for U.S. citizens detained in Japan. Indeed, the chairman of the House Immigration and Naturalization Committee, Samuel Dickstein, suggested that the law's provisions be publicized in the camps, to be followed by notices “calling for volunteers to go to Japan in trade for Americans.”


Author(s):  
Lucas Peres Guimarães ◽  
Denise Leal de Castro

Resumo Lavoisier na sala de aula: A abordagem da história da para o ensino da lei de conservação das massas Esse trabalho tem como principal objetivo verificar a importância da abordagem do episódio histórico de Lavoisier para o ensino da Lei da Conservação das Massas no 9o ano do ensino fundamental em uma escola municipal de Volta Redonda (RJ). Para isso, foi construída uma sequência didática que foi dividida em três momentos, totalizando quatro aulas de cinquenta minutos. O primeiro momento tem como principal objetivo mostrar a vida de Lavoisier muito além do laboratório, buscando assim demonstrar que a vida do cientista é mais do que experimentos realizados no laboratório. No segundo momento foi trabalhada a relação de Lavoisier com a Lei da Conservação das Massas, abrindo espaço para a discussão sobre a Natureza da Ciência demonstrando como foi a superação da teoria do flogisto. O terceiro momento da sequência didática foi discutida a Lei da Conservação das Massas através de um experimento investigativo em que os alunos foram convidados a pensar o experimento com as informações históricas adquiridas. Durante a sequência didática com os discentes foram colhidas as ideias prévias que estes possuíam sobre o trabalho do cientista, demonstrado o contexto e as pessoas envolvidas com o cientista e as dificuldades encontradas por ele. O uso dessa proposta didática demonstrou ser favorável a um ambiente para proporcionar a criação de hipóteses e de questionamento por parte dos educandos, demonstrando ser possível a inserção da História da Ciência no Ensino como fio condutor de uma sequência didática em uma escola pública. Palavras-chave: Lei da Conservação das Massas. História da Ciência. Ensino de Química Abstract This work has as its main objective to verify the importance of the approach of historical episode of Lavoisier for teaching the Law of Conservation of the masses in the 9th year of elementary education in a municipal school of Volta Redonda (RJ). For this reason, it was built a didactic sequence that has been divided into three times, totaling four classes of fifty minutes. The first time it has as main objective to show the life of Lavoisier far beyond the laboratory, thus seeking to demonstrate that the life of the scientist is more than experiments conducted in the laboratory. The second time was worked on the relationship of Lavoisier with the Law of Conservation of Mass, opening up space for the discussion of the nature of science by demonstrating how was the overcoming of phlogiston theory. The third moment of the didactic sequence was discussed the Law of Conservation of the masses through an investigative experiment in which students were invited to consider the experiment with historical information acquired. During the didactic sequence with the learners were harvested the previous ideas that these were the work of a scientist, demonstrated the context and the individuals involved with the scientist and the difficulties encountered by him. The use of this didactic proposal proved to be conducive to an environment for the creation of hypotheses and questions on the part of students, demonstrating that it is possible to insert in the History of Science in education as a leitmotif of a didactic sequence in a public school. Keywords: Law of Conservation of mass. History of Science. Teaching of Chemistry


1936 ◽  
Vol 82 (340) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Michael Abdy Collins

My first duty is to thank you for the honour you have conferred on me in electing me President, and to welcome you all on your visit to East Kent and Folkestone for, I think, the first time in the history of the Association.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-626
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Syrykh

Dedicated to the bio-bibliographic dictionary “Doctors of Law, Professors - Teachers and Graduates of Irkutsk State University”. The reviewer indicates that the book for the first time in the history of Russian legal science contains materials about professors, doctors of law, associate professors, founders of the law faculty of Irkutsk State University (1918). The compilers studied materials of archival documents, magazine and newspaper articles of those years. In addition, the authors collected data on doctors of sciences, professors, graduates of the Faculty of Law of ISU, their contribution to the development of domestic legal science.


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