Genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus strains isolated from humans based on nad1 and cox1 gene analysis in Isfahan, central Iran

AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE) is a medically important parasite-caused human disease. Humans may acquire the infection accidentally by ingestion of E. granulosus eggs. The parasite has a broad range of hosts and genotypes, which may affect its aetiological and biological characteristics. The present study aimed to determine the genetic characteristics of human isolates of E. granulosus in Isfahan, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 50 surgically removed hydatid cysts were collected from hospitalized patients in Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, over a period of 2 years (2015–2017). DNA was extracted from cyst material, and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed targeting cox1 and nad1 genes. Amplicons were sequenced directly and the resulting sequences were aligned and analysed. Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses were also performed. Among the isolates, 43 (86%), 3 (6%) and 4 (8%) out of 50 were E. granulosus (G1), E. granulosus (G3) and E. intermedius (G6), respectively. In total, nine and eight haplotypes were identified by nad1 and cox1 gene analysis, respectively. The haplotype diversity index was higher by cox1 gene analysis (0.547) in G1 strains compared with nad1 (0.433). The G1 genotype was the most predominant isolate from human cases of CE, and the presence of G6 is indicative of an important role of camels in the development of human CE in Isfahan. This is the first report of the G3 genotype causing human CE in Isfahan. Moreover, cox1 gene analysis enables a higher resolution of the genetic diversity of the E. granulosus population compared with nad1 gene analysis.

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Conjunctival polymerase chain reactions in COVID-19 patients and its correlation with clinical and paraclinical indexes

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v13i6.8074 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maral Farzin ◽

Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad ◽

Mansour Babaei ◽

Farzin Sadeghi ◽

Mahmoud Sadeghi-Haddad-Zavareh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Extraction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Transmission Route ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chain Reactions ◽

Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽

Ocular Manifestations ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Viral Transport Medium ◽

Polymerase Chain

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival samples of COVID-19 patients to investigate the transmission route of COVID-19 and its correlation with laboratory indexes. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 44 COVID-19 patients were tested for conjunctival PCR in Ayatollah Rouhani hospital of Babol, Iran, in January and February 2021. The conjunctival samples were collected using a conjunctival swab and suspended in a viral transport medium. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, real-time PCR was performed to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 genome in samples. The ocular manifestations and laboratory indexes were evaluated for all patients. Results: Among 44 COVID-19 patients, 6 samples (13.63%) were positive in terms of conjunctival PCR. The mean ± SD age of conjunctival PCR-positive patients was 76.17 ± 16.61-year-old, while conjunctival PCR-negative COVID-19 pa- tients were aged 57.54 ± 13.61-year-old (p <0.05). D-dimer serum level is significantly higher in conjunctival PCR-positive COVID-19 patients (4001.00 ± 3043.36 µg/ml) compared to normal individuals (496.80 ± 805.92 µg/ml, p <0.01). Conclusion: Our study showed that the conjunctiva and tear contain the SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients as a possible transmission route.

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Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Tilak Chandra Nath ◽

Keeseon S. Eom ◽

Seongjun Choe ◽

Shahadat Hm ◽

Saiful Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Limited Resource ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cox1 Gene ◽

Parasite Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Zoo Animals ◽

Health Concept ◽

Control Knowledge

Introduction: Endoparasites in captive wildlife might pose a threat to public health; however, very few studies have been conducted on this issue, and much remains to be learned, especially in limited-resource settings. This study aimed to investigate endoparasites of captive wildlife in Bangladesh. Perception and understanding of veterinarians regarding one health and zoonoses were also assessed. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to August 2020. A total of 45 fecal samples from 18 different species of wild animals (i.e., 11 species of mammals: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores, six birds, and a single reptile species) were collected randomly. Parasitological assessments were done by modified formalin ether sedimentation technique and rechecked by Sheather’s sugar floatation technique. Molecular identification of Spirometra spp. was conducted by amplifying the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene. Questionnaire surveys among 15 veterinarians and an in-depth interview (IDI) with a zoo officer were conducted. Results: Helminths (Spirometra sp., Capillaria sp., Ascaridia/Heterakis, opisthorchiid, strongyles, acuariid, hookworms, roundworms, and unidentified nematode larvae) and protozoa (coccidian oocyst) were identified, and the overall prevalence was 48.9% (22/45). The cox1 sequences (341 bp) of the Bangladesh-origin Spirometra species from lion showed 99.3–99.7% similarity to the reference sequences of Spirometra decipiens (GenBank No: KJ599679.1; MT122766). The majority of study participants (86.6%) agreed about the importance of endoparasite control in zoo animals, and 73.3% expressed that the one health concept should be promoted in Bangladesh. Only 6.7% of veterinarians perceived confidence in diagnosing parasitic diseases and preventing antiparasiticidal resistance. Conclusions: In the present survey, we found a considerable prevalence of endoparasites in captive wildlife. For the first time, zoonotically important S. decipiens from lion was molecularly characterized in Bangladesh. Veterinarian training is required to improve parasite control knowledge and practice. This study highlights the need for routine parasitological assessment, promotion of one health, and improvement of the implementation of current parasite control strategies in zoo animals.

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Genetic diversity ofPneumocystis jiroveciifrom a cluster of cases of pneumonia in renal transplant patients: Cross-sectional study

Mycoses ◽

10.1111/myc.12823 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (11) ◽

pp. 845-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giannina Ricci ◽

Daniel Wagner Santos ◽

Joseph A. Kovacs ◽

Angela Satie Nishikaku ◽

Taina Veras de Sandes-Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Renal Transplant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Transplant Patients ◽

Renal Transplant Patients

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Prevalence of Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Archived Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Isolates in Zimbabwe

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2014/349141 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tichaona Sagonda ◽

Lucy Mupfumi ◽

Rumbidzai Manzou ◽

Beauty Makamure ◽

Mqondisi Tshabalala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Line ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Definition Of

We conducted a cross-sectional study of second line drug resistance patterns and genetic diversity of MDR-TB isolates archived at the BRTI-TB Laboratory, Harare, between January 2007 and December 2011. DSTs were performed for second line antituberculosis drugs. XDR-TB strains were defined as MDR-TB strains with resistance to either kanamycin and ofloxacin or capreomycin and ofloxacin. Strain types were identified by spoligotyping. No resistance to any second line drugs was shown in 73% of the isolates, with 23% resistant to one or two drugs but not meeting the definition of XDR-TB. A total of 26 shared types were identified, and 18 (69%) matched preexisting shared types in the current published spoligotype databases. Of the 11 out of 18 clustered SITs, 4 predominant (>6 isolates per shared type) were identified. The most and least abundant types were SIT 1468 (LAM 11-ZWE) with 12 (18%) isolates and SIT 53 (T1) with 6 (9%) isolates, respectively. XDR-TB strains are rare in Zimbabwe, but the high proportion of “pre-XDR-TB” strains and treatment failure cases is of concern. The genetic diversity of the MDR-TB strains showed no significant association between SITs and drug resistance.

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Genetic diversity and structure of Jatropha curcas L. in its centre of origin

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262114000550 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Salvador-Figueroa ◽

J. Magaña-Ramos ◽

J. A. Vázquez-Ovando ◽

M. L. Adriano-Anaya ◽

I. Ovando-Medina

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Random Mating ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Reproductive Pattern ◽

Chain Reactions ◽

Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽

Centre Of Origin ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure

To investigate the genetic diversity and structure of Jatropha curcas L. oilseed plant, in this study, native populations from Chiapas, Mexico, were evaluated, using microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 93 representative samples were selected from seven sites in two regions in the state of Chiapas grouped by geographical proximity, where leaf samples were collected to isolate the genomic DNA. Individual polymerase chain reactions were carried out with ten pairs of specific oligonucleotides for the microsatellites of J. curcas, separating the products of amplification by acrylamide electrophoresis. Twenty-seven fragments were detected (77% polymorphic) with which heterozygous individuals were distinguished. The most informative microsatellite was Jcps20 (nine alleles, polymorphic index content 0.354). The average polymorphism per population was 58%. The Hardy–Weinberg tests revealed a reproductive pattern of non-random mating. The diversity descriptors and the analysis of molecular variance revealed that the populations were structured and moderately differentiated (FST 0.087) and that this differentiation was not due to isolation by distance, as the Mantel test was not significant (P= 0.137), but rather due to allopatry. Bayesian analysis revealed that the accessions belonged to only four genetic groups and confirmed the differentiation between the regions. Because some loci were in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium, it is proposed that differentiation is due to the clonal reproduction of J. curcas practised by farmers in Chiapas, along with the anthropogenic dispersion at regional levels. The results of this study reveal that J. curcas in Chiapas has genetic diversity that is greater than that reported in other parts of the world, which represents a potential germplasm pool for the selection of genotypes.

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The Potential of Rats and Bats as Reservoirs of Leptospirosis and Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in Muna Region, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v12n13p125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Anis Nur Widayati ◽

Made Agus Nurjana ◽

Aryo Ardanto ◽

Ristiyanto Ristiyanto ◽

Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Japanese Encephalitis ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chain Reactions ◽

Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽

Leptospira Spp ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Animal Reservoirs

BACKGROUND: Small mammals such as rats and bats are important animal reservoirs of various zoonotic diseases of public health importance. The potential of rats and bats as a reservoir of leptospirosis and Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in Muna Regency remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the presence of Leptospira spp and JE virus (JEV) in rats and bats in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in three districts, namely Kabawo, Batalaiworu, and Katobu. Bats and rats were caught in six ecosystems spread across the three districts. Serological (Microscopic Agglutination Test, MAT) and molecular examinations (Polymerase Chain Reactions, PCR) were performed to detect Leptospira spp. and JEV in rats and bats, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 137 rats from seven species were successfully caught, namely Mus sp., Rattus argentiventer, R. nitidus, R. exulans, R. hoffmanni, R. norvegicus, and R. tanezumi. Of which, six species were confirmed positive for Leptospira spp by PCR, with the highest prevalence was found in R. argentiventer (50%) and R. tanezumi (36.4%). Meanwhile, a total of 86 bats were also successfully captured. The JEV antibody was detected in D. viridis, R. celebensis and S. wallacei. CONCLUSION: Rats and bats are the potential reservoirs of leptospirosis and JE in Muna Regency. Most importantly, the study provides the first evidence of JE reservoirs (R. celebensis and S. wallacei) in Sulawesi. Surveillance of leptospirosis and JE are recommended. 

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An Evolution From a Predominant K1 Allelic Variant to MAD20 of msp1 Gene Between 2015 to 2019 in Metehara, Southeast Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1102722/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abeba Reda ◽

Alebachew Messele ◽

Hussein Mohammed ◽

Ashenafi Assefa ◽

Lemu Golassa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Target Genes ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Merozoite Surface Protein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southeast Ethiopia ◽

Parasite Populations ◽

Msp1 Gene

Abstract Background: The complexity and quantity of parasite populations circulating in a specific location are reflected in the genetic diversity of malaria parasites (s). Between 2015 and 2019, this study in Metehara, South east, Ethiopia. set out to investigate the temporal dynamics of genetic diversity and multiplicity as a result of evolutionary change in the genes that contribute to Plasmodium falciparum infection elimination. Method: Between 2015 and 2019, a cross-sectional study was carried out. from eighty-three dry blood spots from malaria patients who were screened for P. falciparum mono-infection by QPCR. From this seventy confirmed P. falciparum were genotyping to merozoite surface protein 1,2 and glutamate-rich protein using nested PCR.Result: Between 2015 and 2019, seventy (84.3%) of the isolates were successfully genotyped for all three target genes in both years. In 2015 and 2019, the allelic distributions of the three genes differed significantly (P= 0.001). Overall, the most common allelic families for msp1 and msp2 were K1 and FC27 respectively. For glurp, eight distinct genotypes were identified. In 2015, the genotyping of msp1, msp2 and glurp was 25 (86.2%), 25 (86.2%) and 24 (82.2%) respectively. K1, MAD20 and RO33 all have 19(65.5%), 3(10.3%) and 3(10.3%) msp1 allelic families respectively. In 2019 the genes were 30 (73.2%), 39 (95.1%) and 30 (73.2%). K1, MAD20, and RO33 were genotyped for 6 (14.6 percent), 18 (43.9 percent) and 6 (14.6 percent) genotyping respectively. Over all the multiplicity of infection was 1.67 (95 percent CI 1.54-1.74) and the heterozygosity index for msp1, msp2, and glurp was 0.48, 0.70, and 0.55 respectively.Conclusion: This study provides current information on the genetic diversity of P. falciparum populations in Metehara over five-year intervals, The progression of the dominant K1 variant from 2015 to MAD20 variant in 2019 was observed in this study.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 genetic diversity in HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy in a cross sectional study conducted in Teso, Western Kenya

Pan African Medical Journal ◽

10.11604/pamj.2021.38.335.26357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

Author(s):

Maureen Adhiambo ◽

Olipher Makwaga ◽

Ferdinard Adungo ◽

Humphrey Kimani ◽

David Hunges Mulama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Western Kenya ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Type 1

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Low Divergence Among Natural Populations of Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis Revealed by ISSR Markers

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10121082 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1082 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jia-Qiu Yuan ◽

Qin Fang ◽

Guo-Hua Liu ◽

Xiang-Xiang Fu

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Geographic Distance ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Cornus Kousa

Research Highlights: Taking Chinese dogwood (Cornus kousa subsp. chinensis) as an example, the genetic characteristics of natural populations collected from main a distribution area were evaluated using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to reveal the genetic basis for further selection and breeding. Background and Objectives: Chinese dogwood is a small understory tree that is widely distributed in China. Chinese dogwood has attracted interest for its potential horticultural and ornamental values, and its natural resource potential urgently needs to be estimated. Materials and Methods: In this study, the genetic diversity of 12 natural populations collected from six provinces containing 223 individuals was evaluated based on ISSR markers. Results: Relatively high levels of genetic diversity were found at both the population and individual levels. The Shannon’s diversity index (I) among individuals (0.504) was higher than that among populations (0.338). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic variation mainly existed within populations (61.55%) rather than among populations (38.45%). According to the STRUCTURE analysis, 12 populations were assigned to two groups, i.e., the northern and southern ecological regions, which are separated by the Yangtze River. A Mantel test analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. Conclusions: Considering the breeding system of dogwoods, we speculated that the genetic characteristics of the natural populations of this species would be affected by the dispersal mode of its pollens and seeds; additionally, genetic drift could play an important role in its genetic differentiation. In conclusion, in situ conservation is recommended for Chinese dogwood based on our results.

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