scholarly journals The Effect of repeated Bleedings on the Blood Constituents of Immunised Horses

1913 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Sheep's Red Cells

(1) From a horse injected with sheep's red cells three months prior to the first bleeding and in a condition of constant haemolytic titre 122 litres of blood were taken in a period of 11 months. The horse's condition remained good throughout and has markedly improved during the year.(2) The net result was that the haemolytic titre during that time fell only to about 66% of its original value, the leucocytes to about 66%. haemoglobin scarcely at all, while the specific gravity of the blood and total protein have increased, the former by 10% the latter by 5%;.(3) There was no relationship between the total number of leucocytes and the amount of antibody. The differential count showed an increase of 12% in the polymorphonuclear and a decrease of 12% in the mononuclear cells, these figures being not very far outside the experimental error. The eosinophile and mast cells showed no marked alteration in number, size or staining reactions.

Effect of lysed and non-lysed sickle red cells on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and LTB4 production by mononuclear cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thassila N. Pitanga ◽  
Sânzio S. Santana ◽  
Dalila L. Zanette ◽  
Caroline C. Guarda ◽  
Rayra P. Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Ltb4 Production

scholarly journals Human tissue mast cells are an inducible reservoir of persistent HIV infection

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 5293-5300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruce Sundstrom ◽  
Jane E. Ellis ◽  
Gregory A. Hair ◽  
Arnold S. Kirshenbaum ◽  
Dean D. Metcalfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Tissue Compartments

AbstractWe have proposed that, unlike other HIV-vulnerable cell lineages, progenitor mast cells (prMCs), cultured in vitro from undifferentiated bone marrow–derived CD34+ pluripotent progenitors (PPPs), are susceptible to infection during a limited period of their ontogeny. As infected prMCs mature in culture, they lose expression of viral chemokine coreceptors necessary for viral entry and develop into long-lived, latently infected mature tissue mast cells (MCs), resistant to new infection. In vivo recruitment of prMCs to different tissue compartments occurs in response to tissue injury, growth, and remodeling or allergic inflammation, allowing populations of circulating and potentially HIV-susceptible prMCs to spread persistent infection to diverse tissue compartments. In this report, we provide in vivo evidence to confirm this model by demonstrating that HIV-infected women have both circulating prMCs and placental tissue MCs (PLMCs) that harbor inducible infectious HIV even after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during pregnancy. Furthermore, infectious virus, capable of infecting alloactivated fetal cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs), could be induced in isolated latently infected PLMCs after weeks in culture in vitro. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that tissue MCs, developed from infected circulating prMCs, comprise a long-lived inducible reservoir of persistent HIV in infected persons during HAART.

Influence of pneumatic tube system transport on routinely assessed and spectrophotometric cerebrospinal fluid parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Pavel Broz ◽  
Daniel Rajdl ◽  
Jaroslav Racek ◽  
Jana Zenkova ◽  
Vlasta Petrikova
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Pneumatic Tube ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Biochemical Assessment ◽  
Fluid Parameters

Abstract Background: Pneumatic tube systems (PTS) are widely used in many hospitals. Using PTS reduces turnaround time (TAT) and can improve patients’ outcome. Methods: We investigated whether clinically significant differences could be observed in CSF samples transported by pneumatic tube in comparison with samples transported by hand. Two aliquots from one sample were sent by PTS and by hand from the department of neurology or neurosurgery and compared. Results: Routine cytological and biochemical assessment was compared in 27 cases. There were no statistically significant changes (transport by hand vs. PTS) in glucose levels [data are expressed as median (minimum–maximum)] at 3.7 (2.5–8.6) mmol/L vs. 3.6 (2.7–8.6) mmol/L, p=0.96 or lactate levels at 1.8 mmol/L (1.1–5.5) vs. 1.8 mmol/L (1.1–5.4). We observed a statistically significant decline in total protein levels in samples transported by PTS at 0.56 g/L (0.19–4.29) vs. 0.49 g/L (0.18–4.3), p=0.008. We observed no changes in erythrocyte count at 5/μL (0–40,000) vs. 5/μL (0–40,106), mononuclear cells at 2/μL (1–145) vs. 3/μL (1–152), or polynuclear cells at 0/μL (0–235) vs. 0/μL (0–352). Spectrophotometric examination was performed in 20 cases. There were no statistically significant differences (transport by hand vs. transport by PTS) in NOA at 0.002 (0.001–1.537) vs. 0.001 (0.001–1.528), p=0.95 or NBA at 0.001 (0.001–0.231) vs. 0.001 (0.001–0.276), p=0.675. Samples transported by PTS were delivered faster than samples transported by courier (transport by hand vs. PTS) at 25 min (10–153) vs. 15 min (4–110), p=0.002. Conclusions: We found no significant changes in glucose, lactate levels and in any of the cytological parameters assessed, nor were statistically significant changes observed in the spectrophotometric parameters. We found a statistically significant decrease in total protein levels in samples transported by PTS. Transport by PTS can be faster than transport by hand.

Clinical investigation of renal disease

2010 ◽  
pp. 3863-3884
Author(s):  
A. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Heavy Proteinuria ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Standard Investigation

An accurate history and careful examination will determine the sequence and spectrum of clinical investigations required to make a diagnosis or decide on prognosis or treatment. Midstream urine (MSU) sample—this standard investigation requires consideration of: (1) macroscopic appearance—this may be suggestive of a diagnosis, e.g. frothy urine suggests heavy proteinuria; (2) stick testing—including for pH (<5.3 in an early-morning specimen makes a renal acidification defect unlikely), glycosuria, specific gravity (should be >1.024 in an early-morning or concentrated sample), nitrite (>90% of common urinary pathogens produce nitrite) and leucocyte esterase; and (3) microscopy—for cellular elements (in particular red cells, with the presence of dysmorphic red cells detected by experienced observers indicative of glomerular bleeding), casts (cellular casts indicate renal inflammation), and crystals....

Effects of some anti-inflammatory drugs on 12 blood constituents: protocol for the study of in vivo effects of drugs.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1141-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Jelić-Ivanović ◽  
S Spasić ◽  
N Majkić-Singh ◽  
P Todorović
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Abstract We investigated the in vivo effects of acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and ketoprofen on the concentrations of various blood constituents. Total protein, glucose, calcium, and inorganic phosphate were not significantly affected by any of these drugs. Ketoprofen had no definite influence on any constituent. Acetylsalicylic acid induced an increase in cholesterol, triglyceride, and iron; albumin, uric acid, and creatinine decreased with ibuprofen therapy. Urea nitrogen increased in patients treated with diclofenac or indomethacin. Our protocol for the study of in vivo drug effects is discussed.

scholarly journals Variation in Plasma Calcium with Induced Changes in Plasma Specific Gravity, Total Protein, and Albumin

BMJ ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (5893) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Berry ◽  
M. M. Gupta ◽  
S. J. Turner ◽  
R. R. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Induced Changes

Histamine releasing activity of blood mononuclear cells is acquired by means of activation of mast cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. C16-C18
Author(s):  
I. S. Gushchin ◽  
N. S. Prozorovsky ◽  
E. M. Ignatyeva ◽  
V. G. Chitaeva ◽  
V. P. Leskov
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

The Effect of IVIG on Fcγ Receptor-Dependent Monocyte Phagocytosis and FcγR Gene Expression.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3829-3829
Author(s):  
Howard H.W. Chan ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Brenda B. Su ◽  
Gregory A. Denomme
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Ivig Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract BACKGROUND The mechanism(s) of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) towards inhibition of monocyte phagocytic activity involves the function and/or the expression of inhibitory FcγRIIb in a murine model. To confirm these findings in human monocytes, we used a human monocyte phagocytic model in vitro to study the effects of IVIG on the phagocytic activity and the expression of FcγR genes. METHODS Part A: Monolayer Monocyte Phagocytosis Assay Normal volunteer’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from heparin anticoagulated blood by Ficoll-Hypaque (Pharmacia Biotech) density separation. The PBMCs were washed and the monocytes were purified using a magnetic bead-positive selection method with anti-CD14 antibody (Miltenyl Biotec). 105 monocytes were incubated in a microtiter plate at 37°C for 1 hour before exposed to IVIG 0.5 g/L. Anti-D (WinRho) sensitized Rh positive (R2R2) red cells were added to the monocytes at 0.5 hour and 18 hour post-IVIG treatment. After 1 hour incubation with sensitized RBC, monocytes phagocytic activity is measured by chemiluminescence detection with a LumiCount (Packard). The readings were normalized with maximal chemiluminescence signal achieved by the monocytes without prior exposure to IVIG (positive control). Part B: RT-PCR of FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb After 18 hours of exposure to two different concentrations of IVIG (0.5 and 5 gm/L), monocytes were collected and total RNA was isolated with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen). 1 μg of RNA was used to generate first strand cDNA using Superscript II RT kit (Invitrogen). FcγRIIa and IIb were amplified with AmpliTaq Gold DNA polymerase system (Applied Biosystems). The PCR products were evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoriesis. RESULTS Part A: Dose-response curves were generated by plotting normalized chemiluminescence against the concentration of anti-D used to sensitize the red cells. Anti-D sensitized red cells were phagocytosed by monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. There is a time-dependent inhibition of monocyte phagocytosis when monocytes were incubated with IVIG at 0.5 gm/L. (Fig. 1) Part B: There is no significant difference in the gene expression of FcRγIIb and FcγRIIa in the adherent monocytes after incubating with either low dose (0.5 gm/L) or high dose (5 gm/L) of IVIG for 18 hours. (Fig 2) CONCLUSION Delayed inhibition of phagocytic activity with18-hour exposure to IVIG is not directly mediated via the modulation of FcγRIIb gene expression in human monocytes. Other mechanisms, such as intracellular signalling or receptor coupling, might be involved in the delayed inhibitory effects of IVIG. Figure Figure Figure Figure

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