scholarly journals Specific immunoglobulin responses in serum and nasal secretions after the administration of attenuated rubella vaccine

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cradock-Watson ◽  
Helen Macdonald ◽  
Margaret K. S. Ridehalgh ◽  
M. S. Bourne ◽  
Elise M. Vandervelde
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Iga Response ◽  
Iga Antibody

SUMMARYThe indirect immunofluorescent technique has been used to study the specific immunoglobulin responses in the sera of 63 non-immune adult women who received either Cendehill rubella vaccine subcutaneously, RA27/3 rubella vaccine subcutaneously, or RA27/3 vaccine intranasally. IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies increased virtually simultaneously, starting about 2 weeks after vaccination. IgG antibody appeared in all subjects and reached maximum titres 4–6 weeks after vaccination. The mean IgG titres elicited by the three different methods of vaccination did not differ significantly. IgA and IgM antibodies reached their highest titres between 21 and 28 days after vaccination and then declined to low or undetectable titres within about 9 weeks. The maximum IgA titres observed after intranasal administration of RA27/3 vaccine were significantly higher than those which occurred when the same vaccine was given subcutaneously, but no significant difference in IgM titres was observed. When unfractionated sera were examined IgA antibody was detected in 57 cases (91%) and IgM in 51 (81%). Fluorescent examination of fractions obtained by centrifugation on sucrose density gradients frequently revealed small amounts of IgA and IgM antibody which could not be detected by staining unfractionated serum, and with the inclusion of these results IgA antibody was detected in 61 cases (97%) and IgM in 59 (94%).When 39 adults with pre-existing serum antibody were challenged with vaccine a definite IgA response was detected in only one subject and in no case was there any evidence of the appearance of IgM antibody.Nasal antibody, consisting of IgG or IgA or both, was detected in 17 out of 23 non-immune subjects (74%) who received RA27/3 vaccine, either subcutaneously or intranasally. Titres were much lower than those which occur in the natural disease and there was no evidence that nasal antibody was elicited more readily by intranasal than by subcutaneous vaccination.

scholarly journals IgG, IgA and IgM responses in acute rubella determined by the immunofluorescent technique

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cradock-Watson ◽  
M. S. Bourne ◽  
Elise M. Vandervelde
Keyword(s):  
High Titre ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Immunofluorescent Technique ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Method

SUMMARYThe indirect immunofluorescent technique has been used to study the specific immunoglobulin responses in twelve adult cases of acute uncomplicated rubella. IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies increased virtually simultaneously. IgG antibody persisted throughout the period of study but showed a slight tendency to fall in titre after 7 months. IgM antibody was detected in nine cases. In these patients it was present in high titre 5–15 days after the rash but was not detected after 20 days. IgA antibody was detected in all cases. It was present in high titre 5–20 days after the rash but was no longer detectable after 29 days except in one patient who had a very low titre at 78 days. The presence of specific IgA and IgM indicates recent rubella in uncomplicated cases, and if the immunofluorescent method is used both types of antibody should be sought.

scholarly journals Older Adults Have a Low Capacity To Opsonize Pneumococci Due to Low IgM Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Vaccinations

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeyoung Park ◽  
Moon H. Nahm
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACTSince the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is less effective for older adults than for young adults, it is important to investigate the immunologic basis for the reduced efficacy of PPV23 among older adults. We determined the effectiveness of PPV23 among young (n= 55) and older (n= 44) adults by measuring the serum IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations and opsonic capacities against serotypes 14, 18C, and 23F. While young and older adults showed no difference in levels of IgG antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS), older adults had lower IgA and IgM antibody levels than young adults for all three serotypes. In both age groups, anti-PPS IgA or IgM antibody levels were much lower than anti-PPS IgG antibody levels. Young adults showed higher opsonic capacities than older adults for serotypes 14 and 23F. In order to determine the effects of anti-PPS IgA or IgM antibodies on the functional difference between young and older adults, anti-PPS IgA or IgM antibodies were removed from immune sera by affinity chromatography. The difference in opsonic capacity between young and older adults disappeared for serotypes 14 and 23F (but not for serotype 18C) when IgM antibody was removed. However, there was no significant difference between the two age groups when IgA antibody was removed. In conclusion, even though anti-PPS IgG antibody levels are high compared with anti-PPS IgM antibody levels, the low levels of anti-PPS IgM antibody alone can explain the functional difference observed between young and older adults immunized with PPV23 with regard to some pneumococcal serotypes.

scholarly journals ISOLATION OF RABBIT IGA ANTIHAPTEN ANTIBODY AND DEMONSTRATION OF SKIN-SENSITIZING ACTIVITY IN HOMOLOGOUS SKIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Onoue ◽  
Yasuo Yagi ◽  
David Pressman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Size ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Antigen Binding ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Preparation ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Type Test ◽  
Iga Antibody

Multiple antibody components of rabbit antisera against p-azobenzenearsonate (Rp) were studied with respect to their globulin nature and skin-sensitizing activity. IgA antibody was characterized by isolating two IgA-rich fractions from a specifically purified antibody preparation. Examination of these fractions showed that IgA antibodies existed in two molecular forms, one with a sedimentation constant of 7S and the other 9S. Skin-sensitizing activity was examined by a P-K type test and a PCA test with Rp-rabbit serum albumin in homologous (rabbit) species. Only the 7S but not 9S IgA antibody sensitized rabbit skin. IgM antibody showed no activity and IgG antibody showed very low activity. In contrast, only IgG antibody was active in the P-K type test to sensitize a heterologous species (guinea pig). None of the antibodies of other classes showed sensitizing activity in heterologous skin. The 7S IgA antibody lost its sensitizing activity upon reduction and alkylation, although no change in its molecular size could be observed. The loss of sensitizing activity was not due to the destruction of antigen-binding activity since the treated 7S IgA antibody retained this activity as shown by radioimmunoelectrophoresis and by binding to the specific immunoadsorbent. The 9S IgA antibody was more resistant to these treatments than the IgM antibody and showed no indication of dissociation. The treated 9S IgA also retained antigen-binding activity. Both the P-K type and PCA reactions were considerably stronger when the interval between injections of antibody and antigen was 24 hr rather than 4 to 5 hr.

Comparison of three anti-coccidioides antibody enzyme immunoassay kits for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Malo ◽  
Eric Holbrook ◽  
Tirdad Zangeneh ◽  
Chris Strawter ◽  
Eyal Oren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Detection Specificity

Abstract Coccidioidomycosis is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in endemic areas of the southwestern United States. Clinical presentations range from self-limited disease to severe, disseminated disease. As such, early and accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and monitoring. Currently available diagnostic testing has variable accuracy, particularly in certain patient populations, and new tests may offer improved accuracy for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Serum samples from patients with coccidioidomycosis and controls were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies using the MVista Coccidioides antibody detection EIA and two commonly used commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits: the IMMY Omega EIA and the Meridian Premier EIA. The sensitivity of the IgG antibody detection was 87.4% using the MVista test compared to 46.6% for IMMY and 70.9% for Meridian. The sensitivity for IgM antibody detection was 61.2% for the MVista test, 22.3% for IMMY and 29.1% for Meridian. For IgG antibody detection, specificity was 90% for the MVista EIA, 94.6% for IMMY, 96.4% for Meridian. For IgM antibody detection, specificity was 95.3% for the MVista test 98.2% for IMMY and 99.1% for Meridian. The MVista Coccidioides antibody EIA offers improved sensitivity, including among high-risk patient populations, for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in comparison to other currently available EIAs.

scholarly journals Inhibition of cell growth by monoclonal anti-transferrin receptor antibodies.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1814-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Lesley ◽  
R J Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Mutant Cells

Five anti-murine transferrin receptor monoclonal antibodies have been characterized with respect to immunoglobulin class, effects on binding of transferrin, and effects on AKR1 lymphoma cell growth in vitro. The immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, but not the IgG antibodies, prevent cell growth. We suggest that the profound effects of the IgM antibodies on cell growth are probably due to extensive cross-linking of cell surface receptors. In support of this, we are able to mimic the growth-inhibiting effects of the IgM antibodies by adding antiimmunoglobulin to an IgG antibody. By flow microfluorimetry, we show that an IgG antibody by itself induces up to a 10-fold downward regulation in the cell surface transferrin receptor, which is accompanied by accelerated receptor degradation. A similar downward regulation is seen in mutant cells resistant to growth inhibition by an IgM antibody, when grown in the selecting antibody. Wild-type cells grown in the presence of IgM antibody do not show receptor downward regulation. Inhibitory effects of antibody plus antiimmuoglobulin on mutant cells are also consistent with extensive cross-linking causing inhibition of growth.

Effects of Moxibustion on the Enhancement of Serum Antibody in Rabbit againstStaphylococcus aureus

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Yamashita ◽  
Yoshitoshi Ichiman ◽  
Masami Takahashi ◽  
Kazushi Nishijo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Moxibustion Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elisa Inhibition

The titer and activity of antibody in rabbits immunized with heat-killed vaccine were assessed with and without moxibustion treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for the detection of immunoglobulins to Smith strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Positive IgM titer of more than 0.4 were observed with this assay against the moxibustion group (P < 0.05). The titer of IgG antibody also increased; however, there was no significant difference between the moxibustion group and the control group. The ELISA inhibition test showed significantly higher protective activity of the sera in the moxibustion group at the 9th week after the first immunization (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Nasal immunoglobulin responses in acute rubella determined by the immunofluorescent technique

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cradock-Watson ◽  
Margaret K. S. Ridehalgh ◽  
M. S. Bourne ◽  
Eltse M. Vandervelde
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Density Gradients ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Immunofluorescent Technique ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

SUMMARYThe indirect immunofluorescent technique has been used to study the specific immunoglobulin responses in nasal secretions from ten adults with acute rubella. Titres of IgA antibody in nasal washings usually exceeded those of IgG, but both types of antibody were detected in all patients. They appeared a few days after the rash, reached maximum titres during the second week and then declined. IgA antibody was no longer detectable after 47 days and was not detected at all in nasal washings from adults who had experienced rubella in the past. Low titres of IgG antibody persisted in some patients for longer than IgA and traces of IgG were found in nasal washings from a minority of adults with a past history of rubella. Nasal antibodies in acute rubella are therefore transient and unlikely to take part in resistance to reinfection.In sucrose-density gradients nasal IgA antibody sedimented more rapidly than IgG and there was little overlap between these two types of antibody. IgA antibody in serum was more heterogeneous; it was found in nearly all the fractions which contained IgG antibody and in many of those which contained IgM.

scholarly journals The serum and conjunctival antibody response to trachoma in Gambian children

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Collier ◽  
J. Sowa ◽  
Shiona Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Immunofluorescence Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARYNinety-nine young Gambian children were studied for 61 weeks. About half of them had trachoma at the outset, and 80 % of the remainder acquired the disease while under observation. IgG trachoma antibody in the serum and IgG and IgA antibodies in the conjunctival secretions (CS) were titrated by an indirect immunofluorescence method. In serum samples obtained in capillary tubes the mean titre was slightly higher than in samples collected on filter paper. Sorum antibody at titres ↛ 1/10 was invariably associated with a clinical diagnosis of trachoma; it increased both in frequency and titre as the disease progressed, and was present in about half of those with Tr II. In CS, IgG antibody was present less often and at lower titres than in serum, and IgA antibody was detected even less frequently. There was some evidence of correlation between the titres of IgG and IgA antibodies in CS, but none for a relationship between the titres of the antibodies in serum and those in CS. Antibodies were almost never present in the absence of conjunctival follicles, but their titres were unrelated to the degree of follicular hyperplasia; there was no obvious relationship between the serological findings and corneal lesions. In children diagnosed clinically as trachoma, serum antibody was present in almost all those with conjunctival inclusions, and in a proportion of inclusion-negative subjects; the mean titre was much higher in the inclusion-positive group.These findings do not settle whether CS antibodies are made locally, or are derived partly or wholly from the blood. They suggest that the indirect immunofluorescence test may be a useful diagnostic aid in trachoma, particularly in view of the rarity of false positive reactions; but there is at present little to choose between it and complement-fixation tests in terms of sensitivity.

scholarly journals Specific immunoglobulin responses after varicella and herpes zoster

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cradock-Watson ◽  
Margaret K. S. Ridehalgh ◽  
M. S. Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Simplex Virus

SUMMARYThe indirect immunofluorescence technique has been used to titrate the specific immunoglobulins in 200 sera from 64 patients with varicella, and 195 sera from 67 patients with herpes zoster. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in all patients with varicella, and IgA in 59 (92%). All three classes of antibody appeared 2–5 days after the onset of the rash, increased virtually simultaneously and reached maximum titres during the second and third weeks. IgG then declined slowly, but never became undetectable and was still present in five subjects who were retested after 2–4 years; it was present in 88 out of 100 healthy young adults and probably persists indefinitely after varicella. IgA and 1gM antibodies declined more rapidly and were not detected in specimens taken more than a year after the illness. IgA, however, may possibly persist in some cases since low titres were found in 8 out of 88 young adults who possessed IgG antibody and had presumably had varicella in the past. IgA responses were significantly weaker in children under the age of 6 years than in older children and adults.Six out of 67 patients with zoster were tested at various times before the onset of the rash: IgG antibody was detected in all. IgG was present in all sera taken after the onset of the rash, increased rapidly after 2–5 days, reached maximum titres during the second and third weeks and then declined slowly. IgA antibody was detected in 66 patients (99%) and IgM in 52 (78%); both types of antibody followed transient courses, as in varicella.Maximum titres of IgG and complement-fixing antibodies were greater after zoster than after varicella, but the differences were not significant. IgA and IgM titres in young adults with zoster were significantly lower than in older patients, and also lower than in young adults with varicella.Increases in varicella-zoster antibody in patients with herpes simplex virus infections consisted mainly of IgG, sometimes IgA, but never IgM.

scholarly journals Association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and history of blood transfusion: a case-control seroprevalence study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1626-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel ◽  
Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano ◽  
Jesús Hernández-Tinoco ◽  
Agar Ramos-Nevarez ◽  
Sergio Estrada-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Positive Controls

Objectives This study was performed to determine the association between seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii and a history of blood transfusion. Methods Patients who had undergone blood transfusion (n = 410) and age- and sex-matched controls who had not undergone blood transfusion (n = 1230) were examined for anti- T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Results Anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 57 (13.9%) patients and in 129 (10.5%) controls with a borderline difference [odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98–1.92]. High anti- T. gondii IgG antibody levels (>150 IU/mL) were found in 27 (47.4%) of the 57 anti- T. gondii IgG-positive patients and in 37 (28.7%) of the 129 anti- T. gondii IgG positive controls with a significant difference (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.17–4.26). Anti- T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in 13 (22.8%) of the 57 seropositive patients and in 37 (28.7%) of the 129 seropositive controls, but the difference was not significant (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.35–1.52). Seroprevalence was significantly higher in patients aged >50 years than in controls of the same age and in female patients than in female controls. Conclusions These findings indicate that a history of blood transfusion is a risk factor for T. gondii infection.

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