The serum and conjunctival antibody response to trachoma in Gambian children

SUMMARYNinety-nine young Gambian children were studied for 61 weeks. About half of them had trachoma at the outset, and 80 % of the remainder acquired the disease while under observation. IgG trachoma antibody in the serum and IgG and IgA antibodies in the conjunctival secretions (CS) were titrated by an indirect immunofluorescence method. In serum samples obtained in capillary tubes the mean titre was slightly higher than in samples collected on filter paper. Sorum antibody at titres ↛ 1/10 was invariably associated with a clinical diagnosis of trachoma; it increased both in frequency and titre as the disease progressed, and was present in about half of those with Tr II. In CS, IgG antibody was present less often and at lower titres than in serum, and IgA antibody was detected even less frequently. There was some evidence of correlation between the titres of IgG and IgA antibodies in CS, but none for a relationship between the titres of the antibodies in serum and those in CS. Antibodies were almost never present in the absence of conjunctival follicles, but their titres were unrelated to the degree of follicular hyperplasia; there was no obvious relationship between the serological findings and corneal lesions. In children diagnosed clinically as trachoma, serum antibody was present in almost all those with conjunctival inclusions, and in a proportion of inclusion-negative subjects; the mean titre was much higher in the inclusion-positive group.These findings do not settle whether CS antibodies are made locally, or are derived partly or wholly from the blood. They suggest that the indirect immunofluorescence test may be a useful diagnostic aid in trachoma, particularly in view of the rarity of false positive reactions; but there is at present little to choose between it and complement-fixation tests in terms of sensitivity.

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Immunoglobulin G and A Antibody Responses to Bacteroides forsythus and Prevotella intermedia in Sera and Synovial Fluids of Arthritis Patients

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.10.6.1043-1050.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1043-1050 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Ketil Moen ◽

Johan G. Brun ◽

Tor Magne Madland ◽

Turid Tynning ◽

Roland Jonsson

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Prevotella Intermedia ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

Iga Antibody ◽

Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody immune responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, and Candida albicans in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA (RA-SF samples), and the SF of patients without RA (non-RA-SF samples). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine IgG and IgA antibody levels in 116 serum samples from patients with RA, 52 RA-SF samples, and 43 non-RA-SF samples; and these were compared with those in SF samples from 9 patients with osteoarthritis (OA-SF samples) and the blood from 100 donors (the control [CTR] group). Higher levels of IgG antibodies against B. forsythus (P < 0.0001) and P. intermedia (P < 0.0001) were found in non-RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples, and higher levels of IgG antibodies against B. forsythus (P = 0.003) and P. intermedia (P = 0.024) were found in RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples. Significantly higher levels of IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were demonstrated in both RA-SF and non-RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples. When corrected for total Ig levels, levels of IgG antibody against B. forsythus were elevated in RA-SF and non-RA-SF samples compared to those in OA-SF samples. Lower levels of Ig antibodies against B. forsythus were found in the sera of patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group for both IgG (P = 0.003) and IgA (P < 0.0001). When corrected for total Ig levels, the levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were still found to be lower in the sera from patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group (P < 0.0001). The levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis and C. albicans in the sera and SF of RA and non-RA patients were comparable to those found in the respective controls. The levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were elevated in SF from patients with RA and non-RA-SF samples compared to those in OA-SF samples. Significantly lower levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against B. forsythus were found in the sera of patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group. This indicates the presence of an active antibody response in synovial tissue and illustrates a potential connection between periodontal and joint diseases.

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Antibody in Middle Ear Fluid of Children Originates Predominantly from Sera and Nasopharyngeal Secretions

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.05443-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1593-1596 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ravinder Kaur ◽

Thomas Kim ◽

Janet R. Casey ◽

Michael E. Pichichero

Keyword(s):

Middle Ear ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Middle Ear Fluid ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

Iga Antibody ◽

Entire Array

ABSTRACTThe human middle ear is devoid of any immunocompetent cells in normal mucosa. We sought to determine the source of antibody present in the middle ear of children. Total IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from the nasopharyngeal, middle ear, and serum samples of children with acute otitis media. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pattern of the entire array of IgA antibodies in the nasal wash (NW) and middle ear fluid (MEF) was compared from the MEF and NW samples using isoelectric focusing and Western blotting. The total IgG and IgA antibodies in the MEF and NW samples of 137 children were compared. The ratio of IgG to IgA in the MEF was significantly different (P< 0.008) compared to NW because IgA levels were higher and IgG levels lower in NW. The IgG/IgA ratio of MEF resembled serum consistent with transudation to the MEF. Small amounts of secretory IgA were detected in MEF but the electrophoresis patterns of the entire array of IgA antibodies in the MEF and NW were virtually identical in each child evaluated; thus, IgA in MEF derived predominantly from serum and the nasopharynx by reflux via the Eustachian tube. The IgG/IgA antibody levels in the MEF and the same composition of IgA antibody in the MEF and NW identifies the predominant source of antibody in the MEF as a transudate of serum combined with nasal secretions refluxed from the nasopharynx in children.

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Seroepidemiology of Chlamydia Pneumoniae in Northern Greece

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/1721727x0900700303 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 139-144

Author(s):

D. Chatzidimitriou ◽

M. Exidari ◽

G. Gioula ◽

P. Papakonstantinou ◽

A. Melidou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽

The Elderly ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Northern Greece ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

One Year

The prevalence of IgG and IgA antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae was evaluated in a group of an apparently healthy population in northern Greece. Serum samples were obtained over a period of one year (June 2006 to May 2007) from 530 individuals (300 males and 230 females, aged from 1 month to 90 years). The sera were tested for specific antibodies to C. pneumoniae by two commercial methods, an ELISA and a micro-IF assay based on the principles of MIF. The prevalence of IgG and IgA antibodies to C. pneumoniae was 53.2% and 45.9%, respectively, and was found to be unrelated to gender, even in the elderly >61 years old. The IgG antibody prevalence was low in children under 5 years old (7.7%), sharply increased by the age of 20 (40%) and continued to increase, gradually, to reach 80.1% in the elderly. IgA antibodies also increased with similar kinetics to IgG, although at a lower level (3.8–66.1%). Our results show that infection with C. pneumoniae is common in northern Greece. The high prevalence of IgA specific antibodies reported in the present study is due to primary infection at a young age, while in the elderly is probably due to infection or reinfection, although the option of persistence cannot be excluded.

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Detection of antibodies to recombinant truncated flagellin and sonicated whole cell antigen of Burkholderia pseudomallei in acute melioidosis and in healthy Bangladeshi individuals

IMC Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/imcjms.v14i1.47455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

Md Shariful Alam Jilani ◽

Tang Thean Hock ◽

Sraboni Mazumder ◽

Fahmida Rahman ◽

Md Mohiuddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Cell Antigen ◽

The Mean

Background and objectives: Several types of Burkholderia pseudomallei antigens have been used to determine the antibody response in acute and asymptomatic cases. In the present study, we have detected immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to recombinant truncated flagellin antigen (RTFA) of B. pseudomallei in the sera of acute melioidosis cases and healthy individuals from melioidosis endemic areas of Bangladesh by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In parallel, IgG antibody to sonicated whole cell antigen (SWCA) of B. pseudomallei was determined to compare with anti-RTFA antibody. Methodology: Serum samples from culture confirmed melioidosis cases and from healthy individuals aged 21 years and above residing in melioidosis endemic rural areas were included in the study. Serum IgG antibody to RTFA and SWCA of B. pseudomallei was determined by indirect ELISA. Results: Out of 8 culture confirmed acute melioidosis cases, 7 (87.5%) and 8 (100%) were positive for anti-B. pseudomallei IgG antibodies by RTFA and SWCA methods respectively. Among 361 healthy individuals, the rate of seropositivity by RTFA-ELISA was significantly less than that of SWCA-ELISA (16.1% versus 26.8%; p = 0.001). The mean optical density (OD) of RTFA-ELISA of positive cases was significantly less than that of SWCA-ELISA in both melioidosis and healthy individuals (0.79±0.11 versus 2.4±0.08, p = 0.0001; 0.67±0.01 versus 1.27±0.02, p = 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of RTFA-ELISA were 88.9% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Findings of the study suggest that multiple or combination of antigens should be used to study the seroprevalence of B. pseudomallei infection in a community. Also, prospective study is necessary to find out the duration of persistence of antibodies to different antigenic components of B. pseudomallei after exposure. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2020; 14(1): 47-52

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Otitis Media in the Young Infant: An IgE-Mediated Disease?

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/00034894800890s334 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 133-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

John L. Sloyer ◽

John H. Ploussard ◽

Laurel J. Karr

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Skin Testing ◽

Young Infant ◽

Specific Ige ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Total Ige ◽

Ige Antibody ◽

The Mean

IgE antibody directed against noncapsular antigens of mechanically disrupted Streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype 3 rough, was demonstrated in middle ear effusions (MEE) and serum of infants with and without prior evidence of pneumococcal otitis media with effusion (OME). The techniques employed included radioimmunoassay (RIA), passive skin testing, Prausnitz-Küstner (P/K), and enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA). Adsorption of MEE with ultrasonically disrupted crude pneumococcal antigen (CPA-U) resulted in a reduction of total IgE counts per minute and suggested bacteria-specific IgE antibody ranging from approximately 22 to 92% of the total IgE. The biological activity of the IgE antibody was confirmed by challenging skin passively sensitized with MEE IgE and CPA-U. Areas of induration appeared 20 minutes after challenge and continued to increase in size until 90 minutes. An ELISA procedure was developed as a tool to determine the nature of the antigen(s) and to determine the class(es) of antibody other than IgE. It appeared that CPA-U possesses free amino groups and that it can withstand the rigors of autoclaving. An analysis of 45 cord bloods revealed that high levels of IgG CPA-U antibody occur in this type of sample and that no correlation exists between the IgE and IgG levels. The mean IgG: IgE ratio, optical density at 420 nm (OD 420), for cord bloods was 2.49. In contrast, serum samples from nine infants without pneumococcal otitis media and from 14 infants with pneumococcal otitis media had lower levels of IgG antibody. There was no significant relationship between IgG and IgE OD 420 in infants who never had an episode of pneumococcal otitis media and the mean IgG: IgE was 1.88, whereas the ratio for those infants with pneumococcal otitis media was 1.56. In addition, there was a significant correlation between IgG and IgE levels in this latter group. The results suggest that it may be important to monitor the levels of at least these two classes of antibody to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and recovery from otitis media.

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Specific immunoglobulin responses in serum and nasal secretions after the administration of attenuated rubella vaccine

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400023925 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 127-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. E. Cradock-Watson ◽

Helen Macdonald ◽

Margaret K. S. Ridehalgh ◽

M. S. Bourne ◽

Elise M. Vandervelde

Keyword(s):

Serum Antibody ◽

Adult Women ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Rubella Vaccine ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Igm Antibody ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Specific Immunoglobulin ◽

Iga Response ◽

Iga Antibody

SUMMARYThe indirect immunofluorescent technique has been used to study the specific immunoglobulin responses in the sera of 63 non-immune adult women who received either Cendehill rubella vaccine subcutaneously, RA27/3 rubella vaccine subcutaneously, or RA27/3 vaccine intranasally. IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies increased virtually simultaneously, starting about 2 weeks after vaccination. IgG antibody appeared in all subjects and reached maximum titres 4–6 weeks after vaccination. The mean IgG titres elicited by the three different methods of vaccination did not differ significantly. IgA and IgM antibodies reached their highest titres between 21 and 28 days after vaccination and then declined to low or undetectable titres within about 9 weeks. The maximum IgA titres observed after intranasal administration of RA27/3 vaccine were significantly higher than those which occurred when the same vaccine was given subcutaneously, but no significant difference in IgM titres was observed. When unfractionated sera were examined IgA antibody was detected in 57 cases (91%) and IgM in 51 (81%). Fluorescent examination of fractions obtained by centrifugation on sucrose density gradients frequently revealed small amounts of IgA and IgM antibody which could not be detected by staining unfractionated serum, and with the inclusion of these results IgA antibody was detected in 61 cases (97%) and IgM in 59 (94%).When 39 adults with pre-existing serum antibody were challenged with vaccine a definite IgA response was detected in only one subject and in no case was there any evidence of the appearance of IgM antibody.Nasal antibody, consisting of IgG or IgA or both, was detected in 17 out of 23 non-immune subjects (74%) who received RA27/3 vaccine, either subcutaneously or intranasally. Titres were much lower than those which occur in the natural disease and there was no evidence that nasal antibody was elicited more readily by intranasal than by subcutaneous vaccination.

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Effect of Multiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Detection of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Antibodies

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.10.1.19-21.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 19-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Norman A. Pinsky ◽

Jeanne M. Huddleston ◽

Robert M. Jacobson ◽

Peter C. Wollan ◽

Gregory A. Poland

Keyword(s):

Rubella Virus ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Mean Value ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Fresh Serum ◽

The Mean ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Adult Volunteers

ABSTRACT We investigated the effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on mumps, measles, and rubella virus serum antibody levels with whole-virus immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunoassays. Fresh serum samples from nine healthy adult volunteers were divided into six sets of five aliquots each. Samples were taken through a total of 10 freeze-thaw cycles and stored at 4°C until assayed. Each assay measurement was done in replicates of five, and the mean value was reported. After completing 10 freeze-thaw cycles, we found no clinically or statistically significant effect on measured antibody levels and found no discernible detrimental effect on the ability to measure these antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassays.

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TETANUS IMMUNIZATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: COVERAGE RATE AND RATE OF PROTECTION AT TIME OF DELIVERY

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22270/ujpr.v4i1.233 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zamzam Ali Hezam Saleh Aljedry ◽

Alia A. Shaib ◽

Hassan A H. Al-Shamahy ◽

Ahmed Y. Al-Jaufy

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Coverage Rate ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Neonatal Tetanus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tetanus Immunization

Even though attempts have been effectively applied to eradicate the neonatal tetanus through widespread childhood vaccination and improved conditions at delivery, it remains major cause of infant mortality and continues a problem of public health in developing countries including Yemen. The aims of this study were to determine the tetanus immunization status, the association between the risk factors and failure of protection in pregnant women at time of delivery. This cross-sectional study included 476 women seeking care for delivery at Al Thawra Modern General Hospital and Al Sabain Hospital, women age ranged from 16-49 years old. Immunization information and factors affecting it were obtained through a standard questionnaire. Serum samples were collected and level of IgG antibody against Clostridium tetani was measured by ELISA technique. Protected women were defined as those with serum antibody levels > or = 0.6 IU/ml. The total vaccine covering rate of tetanus was 87%, and maternal vaccine rate was 33.6%, the protective rate at time of delivery was 68.5%. There were significant association between unvaccinated (OR=18.6), older ages (OR=1.7), rural residency (OR=34) and malaria infection during pregnancy (OR=2.9); with protection failure in pregnant women at time of delivery. It can be concluded that the total vaccine coverage rate and antenatal tetanus vaccine rate were insufficient. In addition, the protective rate at time of delivery was low and large numbers of neonate are susceptible to neonatal tetanus and death. Vaccinating every pregnant woman with at least one dose of TT would be an affordable and effective way to protect against neonatal tetanus, and would be a step toward eliminating the deaths that continue to occur due to this preventable disease in Yemen.

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Reliability of serological tests for COVID-19: Comparison of three immunochromatography test kits for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

10.1101/2020.06.28.20140475 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hidetsugu Fujigaki ◽

Masao Takemura ◽

Michiko Osawa ◽

Aki Sakurai ◽

Kentaro Nakamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Serological Test ◽

Entire Period ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Igm Antibody ◽

Potential Clinical Utility ◽

Almost All ◽

Positive Results

AbstractBackgroundSeveral immunochromatographic serological test kits have been developed to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies, but their relative performance and potential clinical utility is unclear.MethodsThree commercially available serological test kits were evaluated using 99 serum samples collected from 29 patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).ResultsThe IgM antibody-positive rates of the three serological test kits for samples taken at the early stage of the disease (0–6 days after onset) were 19.0%, 23.8%, and 19.0%, respectively. The IgM antibody-positive rates over the entire period were 21.2%, 60.6%, and 15.2%, respectively. The IgG antibody-positive rates for samples taken after 13 days of onset were 100.0%, 97.6%, and 97.6%, respectively.ConclusionThere were large differences among the results of the three test kits. Only few cases showed positive results for IgM in the early stage of disease and the IgM antibody-positive rates over the entire period were low, suggesting that the kits used in this study were unsuitable for diagnosis of COVID-19. The IgG antibody was positive in almost all samples after 13 days of onset, suggesting that it may be useful for determining infections in the recent past.

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SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in rt-PCR positive cases: first report from India

10.1101/2020.11.13.20229716 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Girish Chandra Dash ◽

Debaprasad Parai ◽

Hari Ram Choudhary ◽

Annalisha Peter ◽

Usha Kiran Rout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Infected Individual ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Ct Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses remain poorly understood and the clinical utility of serological testing is still unclear. As it is thought to confer some degree of immunity, this study is carried out to know the relationship between demographics and ct value of confirmed rt-PCR patients. A total of 384 serum samples were collected between 4-6 weeks after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. IgG positivity was found to be 80.2% (95% CI, 76.2 – 84.2). The IgG positivity increased with the decrease in the ct value, with highest of 87.6% positivity in individuals with <20 ct value. The mean (± SD) ct value of IgG positives and og IgG negatives was 23.34 (± 6.09) and 26.72 (± 7.031) respectively. There was no significant difference found between the demographic characteristics such as age, sex, symptoms and antibody response. The current study is first of its kind wherein we have assessed the correlation of ct of RT-PCR with development of IgG against SARS-CoV-2. Our study showed that although Ct value might not have any relation with severity of the diseases but is associated with the antibody response among the SARS-CoV-2 infected individual.

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