scholarly journals Possible origin of the bluetongue epidemic in Cyprus, August 1977

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sellers ◽  
E. P. J. Gibbs ◽  
K. A. J. Herniman ◽  
D. E. Pedgley ◽  
M. R. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Surface Winds ◽  
The South ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

Possible origins of an epidemic of bluetongue in Cyprus in August 1977 have been analysed. First outbreaks occurred simultaneously in the south-east of the Famagusta district and on the north coast of the Kyrenia district respectively. Although the epidemic was due to type 4, which had been responsible for the previous outbreak in 1969, no evidence of persistence of virus could be found. Imports of domestic animals in the past year were not implicated since the imported cattle were introduced only to the southern part and not to the northern part of the island. Easterly, north-easterly and northerly winds during the period 11–14 August could have brought infected midges at a height of 0.5–1.5 km from Syria and Turkey, and such a movement would fit well the dates of the first outbreaks (20–25 August). Temperatures at a height of 1.5 km were 20–25 °C and at 0.5 km 30–35 °C, and with wind speeds 10–20 km h−1 the distance from Turkey and Syria would have been covered in 5–20 h. It follows that, in addition to surface winds, winds at all levels warm enough for flight should be taken into account when the possibility of disease spread by windborne midges is being assessed.

scholarly journals ‘Et pour les Belges la même chose’?

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Marc Boone ◽  
Tom Verschaffel
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
University History ◽  
Past Half

Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden was en is een Nederlands-Belgisch project. Belgische, in de realiteit enkel Vlaamse, historici hebben een rol gespeeld in de redactie en als auteurs van bijdragen. Het aandeel van het Zuiden is altijd kleiner geweest dan dat van het Noorden. Het tijdschrift poogde via een (meestal) paritaire samenstelling van de redactie en initiatieven, zoals comparatief opgezette themadossiers, de balans te herstellen. Aangezien het tijdschrift, zeker wat het Zuiden betreft, nauw verbonden was met de universitaire historische vakgroepen, in het bijzonder die van Gent en Leuven, weerspiegelen de evoluties van dit Belgische aandeel algemene verschuivingen in het academisch bedrijf. Uitbreiding van de onderzoeksfinanciering zorgde voor een aangroei en voor een verjonging en vervrouwelijking van het auteursbestand en van de redactie. Ook andere ontwikkelingen in het historisch bedrijf van de voorbije halve eeuw, zoals het verschijnen van nieuwe tijdschriften en de internationalisering van het onderzoek, hadden een impact op de plaats van het tijdschrift en bijgevolg ook op Vlaamse bijdragen en hun auteurs.Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden was and is a Dutch-Belgian project. Belgian, though in fact only Flemish, historians have edited and authored contributions. The share from the South has always been smaller than that from the North. Via a generally balanced composition of the editorial board and initiatives, such as comparatively structured special issues and forums, the journal aimed to restore the balance. Since the journal, especially in the South, was closely affiliated with university history departments, those of the universities of Ghent and Leuven in particular, the evolutions of this Belgian share therefore reflect general shifts in academia. Expansion of research financing brought about accretion, rejuvenation and feminisation of the stock of authors and editors alike. Other developments in historical scholarship from the past half century, such as the appearance of new journals and internationalisation of research, had an impact on the positioning of the journal and consequently on Flemish contributions and their authors as well.

The Second Crusade as Seen by Contemporaries

Traditio ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 213-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Constable
Keyword(s):  
North Coast ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The North ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Naval Force

The years between 1146 and 1148 were signalized in the annals and chronicles of Medieval Europe by Christian campaigns on all fronts against the surrounding pagans and Moslems. The most important of these was directed towards the Holy Land, against the Moslems, who had recently seized Edessa. It consisted of no less than five expeditions. The two largest armies, commanded by the Emperor Conrad III and King Louis VII of France, followed the same route overland across the Balkans to Constantinople; both met with crushing defeats in Asia Minor and finally reached the Holy Land, as best they could, by land and sea. A third force, under Amadeus III of Savoy, moved down Italy, crossed from Brindisi to Durazzo, and joined the army of Louis at Constantinople late in 1147. In August of the same year a naval expedition led by Alfonso of Toulouse left the South of France and arrived in Palestine probably in the spring of 1148. At the same time, a joint Anglo-Flemish naval force sailed along the north coast of Europe, assisted the King of Portugal in the capture of Lisbon, proceeded around the peninsula early in 1148, attacked Faro, and presumably reached the Holy Land later that year. Meanwhile, in the northeast, four armies co-operated in a campaign against the pagan Wends across the river Elbe: a Danish army joined the Saxons under Henry the Lion and Archbishop Adalbero of Bremen in an attack on Dubin; another, larger, army led by Albert the Bear of Brandenburg and many other temporal and spiritual lords advanced against Demmin and Stettin; a fourth expedition, finally, under a brother of the Duke of Poland attacked from the southeast. In 1148, on the south shore of the Mediterranean, a powerful fleet under George of Antioch extended the control of Roger II of Sicily over the entire littoral from Tripoli to Tunis. In the West, four campaigns were directed against the crumbling power of the Almoravides. The Genoese in 1146 sacked Minorca and besieged Almeria. During the following year, the Emperor Alfonso VII of Castile advanced south through Andalusia and captured Almeria with the aid of a strong Genoese fleet, which in 1148 sailed north and joined the Count of Barcelona in his campaign against Tortosa. In the previous year, Alfonso Henriques of Portugal had captured Santarem and secured the assistance of the Anglo-Flemish fleet for an attack on Lisbon, which fell late in 1147.

On the northern rockling Ciliata septentrionalis (Collett) in the Plymouth area

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Dando
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

The known range of the northern rockling, Ciliata septentrionalis, extends from Iceland and northern Norway in the north to Plymouth in the south (Wheeler, 1965). This species has probably been confused with the five-bearded rockling, C. mustela (L.), in the past (Wheeler, 1969) and this together with the small size of the fish, enabling it to escape through the mesh of most trawls, may explain the paucity of records and knowledge of the species. Brook, (1885, 1888) described the egg and larval development of C. mustela but the egg and larva of C. septentrionalis have not been described. It is probable that the abundance of both these species can only be estimated by a combination of fecundity studies and egg and larval counts.

Dispersion of long-nosed fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) determined by tagging

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Peter D. Shaughnessy ◽  
Simon D. Goldsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
South Australia ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Subtropical Front ◽  
The North ◽  
Fur Seals

Long-nosed fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) were tagged as pups in colonies on Kangaroo Island, South Australia in eight consecutive pupping seasons from 1988–89 to 1995–96. Thirty-nine tagged animals were sighted on the southern Australian coast, being 0.89% of those tagged. They were aged from 9 months to 14 years 6 months, with half in their second and third years. Most records (88%) were of animals that moved eastwards. The most distant records were from Sydney in the east (1700 km), south of Tasmania in the south (1240 km) and Head of Bight in the west (700 km). One animal was seen twice, both times on the north coast of Kangaroo Island, once underwater and two years later ashore. Satellite telemetry studies of juvenile A. forsteri from Kangaroo Island showed that they typically forage in pelagic waters ~1000 km further south in association with the subtropical front. The study reported here shows that some animals tagged as pups disperse widely as juveniles around the southern Australian coast. The possibility of genetic interchange between breeding colonies is suggested by sightings of three tagged females aged 4 years and older at non-natal colonies.

Talitrid amphipods from ocean beaches along the New South Wales coast of Australia (Amphipoda, Talitridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3575 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. LOWRY
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Original Description ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales

The sand-hopper Bellorchestia mariae sp. nov. is described from Honeymoon Bay on the north coast of Jervis Bay, NewSouth Wales, Australia. It is the sister species of B. richardsoni Serejo & Lowry, 2008 and appears to have a limited dis-tribution from about Narrawallee in the south to northern Jervis Bay. The distribution of B. richardsoni Serejo & Lowry,2008 is extended from Point Ricardo, Victoria, northwards to Ulladulla on the New South Wales coast. A new synonymyis proposed for the sand-hopper Notorchestia quadrimana (Dana, 1852) which includes N. novaehollandiae (1899) andN. lobata Serejo & Lowry, 2008. It is considered to be a wide-ranging species from Shark Bay in Western Australia aroundthe south coast to at least Maitland Bay in central New South Wales. The beach-hopper Orchestia dispar Dana, 1852 isdescribed from Valla Beach in northern New South Wales and moved to the new genus Vallorchestia. This is the first re-cord of V. dispar since its original description 160 years ago. The beach-hopper Platorchestia smithi sp. nov. is describedfrom Brooms Head, New South Wales, Australia. It is common on ocean beaches from Bendalong in the south to Ballina in northern New South Wales. South of Bendalong beach-hoppers on ocean beaches appear to be absent.

DINAMIKA KEBIJAKAN TENTANG PERIKANAN DAN TRANSFORMASI BUDAYA NELAYAN PANTAI UTARA JAWA

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Sutejo K. Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Political ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Colonial Government

Rice and fish could be complementing each other as human primary needs for nutrition. However, both these commodities have a history with the opposite. Although Java island is surrounded by the waters of the sea, in the past the population in meeting the needs of fish, mainly marine fish, mostly done by the fishermen who brought in fish catches from other areas or imported, in the form of salted fish and dried fish, since the Dutch colonial government and gradually began to set the political self-sufficient self-reliance in the 1960s. This article discusses the dynamics of policy on fishing in the north coast of Java, with a historical approach with a span of years 1900 to 2000.

Growing multicentennial-scale precipitation variability in Eastern Brazil during the late Holocene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Bahr ◽  
Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr ◽  
Andrea Jaeschke ◽  
Christiano Chiessi ◽  
Francisco Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Future Global Warming ◽  
The North Atlantic

<p>Eastern Brazil belongs to the ecologically most vulnerable regions on Earth due to its extreme intra- and inter-annual variability in precipitation amount. In order to constrain the driving forces behind this strong natural fluctuations we investigated a high-resolution sediment core taken off the Jequitinhonha river mouth in central E Brazil to reconstruct Holocene river run-off and moisture availability in the river’s catchment. Modern day climate in the hinterland of the Jequitinhonha is influenced by the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM), in particular by the manifestation of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) during austral summer. Variations in the position and strength of the SACZ will have immediate impact on the moisture balance over the continent and hence influence sediment and water delivery. Our multi-proxy records, comprising XRF core-scanning, grain size, mineralogical (XRD), as well as organic biomarker analyses indicate abrupt centennial scale variations between dry and wet conditions throughout the past ~5 kyrs. Our results document a gradual weakening of the SASM over the past ~2,7 kyrs driven by changes in the intertropical heat distribution. This long-term trend is superposed by centennial to millennial-scale spatial shifts in moisture distribution that result from migrations of the SACZ. The combination of both processes caused increasingly pronounced aridity spells in eastern South America over the past 2 kyrs. As the spatial fluctuations were triggered by freshwater anomalies in the North Atlantic, we surmise that enhanced meltwater input into the North Atlantic due to future global warming might severely increase the risk for mega-droughts in tropical South America.</p>

scholarly journals The influence of the Brazil and Malvinas Currents on the Southwestern Atlantic Shelf circulation

Ocean Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Matano ◽  
E. D. Palma ◽  
A. R. Piola
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Oceanic Circulation ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
The South ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North ◽  
Brazil Current ◽  
South Brazil

Abstract. The oceanic circulation over the southwestern Atlantic shelf is influenced by large tidal amplitudes, substantial freshwater discharges, high wind speeds and – most importantly – by its proximity to two of the largest western boundary currents of the world ocean: the Brazil and Malvinas currents. This review article aims to discriminate the dynamical processes controlling the interaction between this extensive shelf region and the deep-ocean. The discussion is focused on two broad regions: the South Brazil Bight to the north, and Patagonia to the south. The exchanges between the Brazil Current and the South Brazil Bight are characterized by the intermittent development of eddies and meanders of the Brazil Current at the shelfbreak. However, it is argued that this is not the only – nor the most important – influence of the Brazil Current on the shelf. Numerical simulations show that the thermohaline structure of the South Brazil Bight can be entirely ascribed to steady state, bottom boundary layer interactions between the shelf and the Brazil Current. The Malvinas Current does not show the development of eddies and meanders, but its influence on the Patagonian shelf is not less important. Models and observations indicate that the Malvinas Current not only controls the shelfbreak dynamics and cross-shelf exchanges but also influences the circulation in the shelf's interior.

scholarly journals Trypanosome diseases of domestic animals in Uganda. III.—Trypanosoma vivax ( Ziemann )

1910 ◽  
Vol 83 (561) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
The South ◽  
Lake Shore ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
Interesting Species ◽  
The Way

This interesting species of trypanosome appears to be widely distributed in Uganda. It was first discovered by the Commission in two cattle which came from Kavirondo, the district lying to the north-east of Victoria Nyanza. These oxen were driven to Kampala round the north end of the Lake, and probably became infected on the way. Then the Government Transport Department lost many of their oxen from this trypanosome. They were worked between Kampala, the native capital, and Luzira, the port on the Lake-shore, which lies about seven miles to the south-east. When the epidemic. broke out these cattle were kraaled near the Lake-shore, along which they were allowed to graze, and where tsetse-flies are numerous. Afterwards, at the suggestion of the Commission, they were kraaled at Kampala, when the epidemic stopped, and no more deaths from Trypanosoma vivax occurred among them.

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