scholarly journals Dermatophyte lesions in the hedgehog as a reservoir of penicillin-resistant staphylococci

1965 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. B. Smith ◽  
Mary J. Marples
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Penicillin Production ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Rabbit Skin

An antibiotic substance biologically resembling penicillin G was produced by the growth ofTrichophyton mentagrophytesvar.erinacei, T. mentagrophytes var. granulareandT. mentagrophytesvar.interdigitalein Sabouraud's dextrose broth. An antibiotic concentration equivalent to 7 units/ml. penicillin G could be produced by var.erinaceiwhen grown in a suitable nutrient medium.Epidermophyton floccosumalso produced a substance which inhibited the growth of the Oxford staphylococcus. However, this substance was not completely inactivated by penicillinase. Noin vitroantibiotic production could be demonstrated withT. rubrum, T. concentricum, T. terrestreorMicrosporum canis.Penicillin production could be demonstrated in rabbit skin infected with T. ment-agrophytes var. erinacei. Pathogenic staphylococci falling on a var. erinacei guinea-pig lesion increased rapidly in the ringworm tissue. The inhibiting concentration of penicillin G for such staphylococci was shown to increase from 5·0 µg./ml. to above 20·0 µg./ml. as the ringworm progressed.The presence ofT. mentagrophytesvar.erinaceiin a high percentage of hedgehogs is considered the main reason why the skin is the primary site of staphylococcal multiplication in hedgehogs and why most of theStaphylococcias aureusstrains recoverable from these animals are penicillin resistant.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Hexahydropyrimidine Derivatives against the Causative Agents of Dermatomycosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francislene J. Martins ◽  
César A. Caneschi ◽  
Mônica P. Senra ◽  
Gustavo S. G. Carvalho ◽  
Adilson D. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Causative Agents

Nitrogenated heterocyclic compounds are present in both natural and synthetic drugs, and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives may prove to be efficient in treating dermatomycosis causing fungi. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of four hexahydropyrimidine derivatives against the dermatomycosis causing fungi. These derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and assessed in terms of their activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Epidermophyton floccosum between concentrations 7.8 and 1,000 μg mL−1. Scanning electron micrographs were assessed for the active derivatives and reference drugs, and these micrographs revealed that new agents cause morphological changes in fungi. The derivatives HHP1, HHP3, and HHP4 revealed poor activity against the four fungal strains (MICs range 500–1000 μg mL−1). Compound HHP3 was found to be the best potential antifungal agent among those tested and was the most effective among all the active derivatives that caused morphological changes in the susceptible strains.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Eugenia umbelliflora against Dermatophytes

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina E. Machado ◽  
Valdir Cechinel Filho ◽  
Rosana C. B. Cruz ◽  
Christiane Meyre-Silva ◽  
Alexandre Bella Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Agar Dilution

Antifungal activities of Eugenia umbelliflora Berg. (Myrtaceae) were tested in vitro against a panel of standard and clinical isolates of human fungal pathogens (dermatophytes and opportunistic saprobes). Methanol extracts of leaves and fruits of E. umbelliflora were separately prepared and partitioned, to yield dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions (Aq). Three compounds (1-3) were obtained from the DCM extract using chromatographic procedures. Antifungal assays were performed using agar dilution techniques. Both extracts (fruits and leaves), their DCM and EtOAc fractions, and compound 2 (betulin and betulinic acid) presented selective antifungal activity against dermatophytes (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes), with MIC values between 200 and 1000 μg/mL, and interestingly, inhibited 4/5 species with MIC values of ≤500 ≤g/mL. The aqueous fractions of fruits and leaves, and compounds 1 (α, β amyrin) and 3 (taraxerol) were inactive up to the maximum concentrations tested (1000 μg/mL).

scholarly journals Evaluación de la sensibilidad de hongos dermatofitos aislados de muestras clínicas a los antifúngicos

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Beda E. Mereles Rodríguez ◽  
Jacqueline N. Fiedler ◽  
Azucena Bruquetas ◽  
Miriam E. Chade
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum

Los dermatofitos causan infecciones que en ocasiones no responden adecuadamente al tratamiento antifúngico implementado, sin embargo, se han publicado muy pocos estudios de sensibilidad a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar in vitro, la sensibilidad de hongos dermatofitos aislados de muestras clínicas frente a tres antifúngicos de uso habitual. Se trabajó con 50 cepas de las especies: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton tonsurans y Epidermophyton floccosum. Los antifúngicos probados fueron terbinafina, itraconazol y fluconazol. Para el estudio de la sensibilidad se desarrolló la técnica de microdilución en caldo según el documento M38-3ra ed. del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. El inóculo fue ajustado a 103 UFC/ml. Se incubaron a 35° C con lecturas diarias hasta las 96 horas. Terbinafina fue la de mayor actividad antifungica (CIM entre 0,03 y 0,50 μg/ml), seguida por itraconazol (CIM entre 0,12 y 4 μg/ml). Fluconazol mostró la menor actividad antifúngica (CIM de 8 a > 64 μg/ml). Se concluye que la terbinafina presenta la mayor actividad antifúngica in vitro frente a las cepas de dermatofitos estudiadas.

scholarly journals Relationship between Glycopeptide Production and Resistance in the Actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5191-5201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Letizia Marcone ◽  
Elisa Binda ◽  
Lucia Carrano ◽  
Mervyn Bibb ◽  
Flavia Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTGlycopeptides and β-lactams inhibit bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria; resistance to these antibiotics is studied intensively in enterococci and staphylococci because of their relevance to infectious disease. Much less is known about antibiotic resistance in glycopeptide-producing actinomycetes that are likely to represent the evolutionary source of resistance determinants found in bacterial pathogens.Nonomuraeasp. ATCC 39727, the producer of A40926 (the precursor for the semisynthetic dalbavancin), does not harbor the canonicalvanHAXgenes. Consequently, we investigated the role of the β-lactam-sensitived,d-peptidase/d,d-carboxypeptidase encoded byvanYn, the onlyvan-like gene found in the A40926 biosynthetic gene cluster, in conferring immunity to the antibiotic inNonomuraeasp. ATCC 39727. Taking advantage of the tools developed recently to genetically manipulate this uncommon actinomycete, we variedvanYngene dosage and expressedvanHatAatXatfrom the teicoplanin producerActinoplanes teichomyceticusinNonomuraeasp. ATCC 39727. Knocking outvanYn, complementing avanYnmutant, or duplicatingvanYnhad no effect on growth but influenced antibiotic resistance and, in the cases of complementation and duplication, antibiotic production.Nonomuraeasp. ATCC 39727 was found to be resistant to penicillins, but its glycopeptide resistance was diminished in the presence of penicillin G, which inhibits VanYnactivity. The heterologous expression ofvanHatAatXatincreased A40926 resistance inNonomuraeasp. ATCC 39727 but did not increase antibiotic production, indicating that the level of antibiotic production is not directly determined by the level of resistance. ThevanYn-based self-resistance inNonomuraeasp. ATCC 39727 resembles the glycopeptide resistance mechanism described recently in mutants ofEnterococcus faeciumselectedin vitrofor high-level resistance to glycopeptides and penicillins.

scholarly journals Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Topical Formulations from Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W. Watson Essential Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negero Gemeda ◽  
Ashenif Tadele ◽  
Hirut Lemma ◽  
Biruktawit Girma ◽  
Getachew Addis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Topical Formulations ◽  
Life Study

Background. Skin infections were the most frequently encountered of all infections and the 4th leading cause of nonfatal disease burden. Topical drugs have been used for the management of skin infections. The growing concern of drug resistance to the topical agents has warned the need for continuous development of novel drug. Essential oils are the best candidate for new drug with different mode of action and target as they are rich in chemical constituents. Objective. To evaluate and develop safe and effective topical antimicrobial formulations from essential oil of Cymbopogon martini. Method. Essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation aerial part C. martini and topical formulations were prepared in five different semisolid bases. In vitro antimicrobial investigations were performed on essential oil and topical formulations. Skin sensitizations of the formulations were evaluated using guinea pig maximization. Results. The essential oil of C. martini has shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial potency against all tested organisms with MIC value ranging from 0.65 to 10 μg/ml. Absolute inhibitions of growth of fungi were observed against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum at concentrations above 1% of oil and against Microsporum canis and Trichophyton verrucosum at a concentration of 4% oil. Among topical formulations, the highest antimicrobial activity was recorded in hydrophilic ointment followed by macrogol blend ointment. The antimicrobial activity of oil was higher in fungal pathogen compared to bacteria. Gram positive bacteria were more sensitive than gram negative bacteria. Hydrophilic and macrogol blend ointment containing 5% oil did not produce any skin sensitization on guinea pigs. Conclusion. In conclusion, topical formulations of C. martini essential oil can be alternative topical agents with safe broad-spectrum activity for the treatment of skin disorder. Further studies should focus on shelf life study and clinical study of the product.

scholarly journals In VitroAntifungal Activity of Naftifine Hydrochloride against Dermatophytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 4369-4372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghannoum ◽  
N. Isham ◽  
A. Verma ◽  
S. Plaum ◽  
A. Fleischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Test Panel ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTThe incidence of superficial dermatophytoses is high in developed countries, and there remains a need for effective topical antifungals. In this study, we evaluated thein vitroantifungal activity of naftifine hydrochloride, the active ingredient in naftifine hydrochloride cream and gel 1% and 2%, against dermatophytes. The MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of naftifine hydrochloride against 350 clinical strains, includingTrichophyton rubrum,T. mentagrophytes,T. tonsurans,Epidermophyton floccosum, andMicrosporum canis, were determined using the CLSI methodology. Subsets from this test panel were subsequently tested in a time-kill assay at 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, and 1× the MFC for each isolate. CFU counts were performed over a period of 48 h of incubation. Additionally, in order to determine the potential for resistance development, six strains were subjected to 15 serial passages in concentrations higher than the MIC for each strain. MICs were determined following each passage. The MIC range against the dermatophyte isolates tested was 0.015 to 1.0 μg/ml, with naftifine hydrochloride being fungicidal against 85% of theTrichophytonspecies. The time-kill assay showed dose-dependent activity, with the greatest reduction in the numbers of CFU corresponding to the highest drug concentration. There was no increase in MIC for any strains following repeated exposure to naftifine hydrochloride. Naftifine hydrochloride demonstrated potent activity against all dermatophytes tested, and none of the isolates within this test panel demonstrated the potential for the development of resistance. Thus, future clinical studies of naftifine hydrochloride against dermatophytes may be warranted for the treatment of superficial dermatophytoses.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of Marco (Ambrosia arborescens Mill.) and Matico (Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam.) on the pathogenic fungi that cause dermatomycosis (ringworm)

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Tatiana de los Ángeles Mosquera Tayupanta ◽  
Sandra Elizabeth Ayala Valarezo ◽  
Tatiana Alexandra Vasquez Villareal ◽  
María Belén Montaluisa Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Currently, there is a trend towards using natural and ethnopharmacological species with therapeutic potential. This investigation evaluated the antifungal activity of two species in the Ecuadorian Andes, which are used in treating dermatomycosis: Ambrosia arborescens Mill. (Marco) and Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam. (Matico). Methods: We worked with seven concentrations (100 to 700ppm) of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. extract and ten concentrations (0.5 to 5%) of essential oil (EO) of Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam. on Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188, Microsporum canis ATCC 36299 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The methodology used was a modified version of the Kirby-Bauer method, using diffusion in agar wells. Results: The Tukey test, after the one-way Anova, determined effective concentrations of EO: 5% for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 4.5% for Trichophyton rubrum, 5% for Microsporum canis and 2% for Candida albicans. In the extracts, the concentration of 700ppm was used for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and 600ppm for Microsporum canis and Candida albicans. Conclusions: The evaluation of the antifungal activity of the Ambrosia arborescens extract showed inhibition in the studied dermatophytes in each one of the planted concentrations (100 to 700ppm). The evaluation of the antifungal activity of Aristeguietia glutinosa EO showed inhibition in the studied dermatophytes in each of the planted concentrations (0.5 to 5%).

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils from Flowers, Leaves, Rhizomes, and Bulbs of the Wild Iraqi Kurdish Plant Iris Persica

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin ◽  
Ahmed Anwar Amin ◽  
Solveig Tosi ◽  
Giorgio Giacomo Mellerio ◽  
Faiq H. S. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Main Component

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of different parts of Iris persica L. were investigated for the first time by GC-FID and GC-MS; moreover, their antifungal activities were determined. 34, 32, 27, and 17 compounds were identified in the oils from air-dried flowers, leaves, rhizomes and fresh bulbs, respectively, representing ≥ 98% each oil. The major constituents of the flower essential oil were phenylethanol (24.8%) and furfural (13.8%), which, as the main component, constituted also 39.0% and 22.2% of the leaf and rhizome volatile fractions, respectively. Phenylacetaldehyde (37.1%) was the main constituent of the bulb volatile fraction. In in vitro tests, moderate antifungal activity was detected for the oils against strains of the human pathogenic fungal species Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the plant-fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae, and the fungal food contaminant Aspergillus carbonarius,. The highest activity was exhibited by the essential oils from leaves and flowers, suggesting that they could be considered natural antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Volatiles and Antifungal–Antibacterial–Antiviral Activity of South African Salvia spp. Essential Oils Cultivated in Uniform Conditions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2826
Author(s):  
Basma Najar ◽  
Giulia Mecacci ◽  
Valeria Nardi ◽  
Claudio Cervelli ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Spontaneous Emissions

Spontaneous emissions of S. dentata Aiton and S. scabra Thunb., as well as the essential oil (EO) composition of the cited species, together with S. aurea L., were investigated. The chemical profile of the first two species is reported here for the first time. Moreover, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the antifungal activity of these EOs on Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium solani. Secondly, the EO antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius was examined, and their antiviral efficacy against the H1N1 influenza virus was assessed. Leaf volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as the EOs obtained from the arial part of Salvia scabra, were characterized by a high percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (97.8% and 76.6%, respectively), mostly represented by an equal amount of germacrene D (32.8% and 32.7%, respectively). Both leaf and flower spontaneous emissions of S. dentata, as well as the EO composition, showed a prevalence of monoterpenes divided into a more or less equal amount of hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. Interestingly, its EO had a non-negligible percentage of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (29.5%). S. aurea EO, on the contrary, was rich in sesquiterpenes, both hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds (41.5% and 33.5%, respectively). S. dentata EO showed good efficacy (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC): 0.5%) against M. canis. The tested EOs were not active against E. coli and S. aureus, whereas a low inhibition of S. dentata EO was observed on S. pseudointermedius (MIC = 10%). Once again, S. dentata EO showed a very good H1N1 inhibition; contrariwise, S. aurea EO was completely inactive against this virus. The low quantity of S. scabra EO made it impossible to test its biological activity. S. dentata EO exhibited interesting new perspectives for medicinal and industrial uses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document