In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Hexahydropyrimidine Derivatives against the Causative Agents of Dermatomycosis

Nitrogenated heterocyclic compounds are present in both natural and synthetic drugs, and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives may prove to be efficient in treating dermatomycosis causing fungi. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of four hexahydropyrimidine derivatives against the dermatomycosis causing fungi. These derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and assessed in terms of their activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Epidermophyton floccosum between concentrations 7.8 and 1,000 μg mL−1. Scanning electron micrographs were assessed for the active derivatives and reference drugs, and these micrographs revealed that new agents cause morphological changes in fungi. The derivatives HHP1, HHP3, and HHP4 revealed poor activity against the four fungal strains (MICs range 500–1000 μg mL−1). Compound HHP3 was found to be the best potential antifungal agent among those tested and was the most effective among all the active derivatives that caused morphological changes in the susceptible strains.

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Antifungal Activity of Eugenia umbelliflora against Dermatophytes

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900400904 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Karina E. Machado ◽

Valdir Cechinel Filho ◽

Rosana C. B. Cruz ◽

Christiane Meyre-Silva ◽

Alexandre Bella Cruz

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Betulinic Acid ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Trichophyton Rubrum ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽

Agar Dilution

Antifungal activities of Eugenia umbelliflora Berg. (Myrtaceae) were tested in vitro against a panel of standard and clinical isolates of human fungal pathogens (dermatophytes and opportunistic saprobes). Methanol extracts of leaves and fruits of E. umbelliflora were separately prepared and partitioned, to yield dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous fractions (Aq). Three compounds (1-3) were obtained from the DCM extract using chromatographic procedures. Antifungal assays were performed using agar dilution techniques. Both extracts (fruits and leaves), their DCM and EtOAc fractions, and compound 2 (betulin and betulinic acid) presented selective antifungal activity against dermatophytes (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes), with MIC values between 200 and 1000 μg/mL, and interestingly, inhibited 4/5 species with MIC values of ≤500 ≤g/mL. The aqueous fractions of fruits and leaves, and compounds 1 (α, β amyrin) and 3 (taraxerol) were inactive up to the maximum concentrations tested (1000 μg/mL).

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In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of Marco (Ambrosia arborescens Mill.) and Matico (Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam.) on the pathogenic fungi that cause dermatomycosis (ringworm)

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.14354.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 559

Author(s):

Tatiana de los Ángeles Mosquera Tayupanta ◽

Sandra Elizabeth Ayala Valarezo ◽

Tatiana Alexandra Vasquez Villareal ◽

María Belén Montaluisa Álvarez

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Trichophyton Rubrum ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

The One ◽

One Way Anova

Background: Currently, there is a trend towards using natural and ethnopharmacological species with therapeutic potential. This investigation evaluated the antifungal activity of two species in the Ecuadorian Andes, which are used in treating dermatomycosis: Ambrosia arborescens Mill. (Marco) and Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam. (Matico). Methods: We worked with seven concentrations (100 to 700ppm) of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. extract and ten concentrations (0.5 to 5%) of essential oil (EO) of Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam. on Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188, Microsporum canis ATCC 36299 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The methodology used was a modified version of the Kirby-Bauer method, using diffusion in agar wells. Results: The Tukey test, after the one-way Anova, determined effective concentrations of EO: 5% for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 4.5% for Trichophyton rubrum, 5% for Microsporum canis and 2% for Candida albicans. In the extracts, the concentration of 700ppm was used for Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and 600ppm for Microsporum canis and Candida albicans. Conclusions: The evaluation of the antifungal activity of the Ambrosia arborescens extract showed inhibition in the studied dermatophytes in each one of the planted concentrations (100 to 700ppm). The evaluation of the antifungal activity of Aristeguietia glutinosa EO showed inhibition in the studied dermatophytes in each of the planted concentrations (0.5 to 5%).

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Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils from Flowers, Leaves, Rhizomes, and Bulbs of the Wild Iraqi Kurdish Plant Iris Persica

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200334 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin ◽

Ahmed Anwar Amin ◽

Solveig Tosi ◽

Giorgio Giacomo Mellerio ◽

Faiq H. S. Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Main Component

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of different parts of Iris persica L. were investigated for the first time by GC-FID and GC-MS; moreover, their antifungal activities were determined. 34, 32, 27, and 17 compounds were identified in the oils from air-dried flowers, leaves, rhizomes and fresh bulbs, respectively, representing ≥ 98% each oil. The major constituents of the flower essential oil were phenylethanol (24.8%) and furfural (13.8%), which, as the main component, constituted also 39.0% and 22.2% of the leaf and rhizome volatile fractions, respectively. Phenylacetaldehyde (37.1%) was the main constituent of the bulb volatile fraction. In in vitro tests, moderate antifungal activity was detected for the oils against strains of the human pathogenic fungal species Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the plant-fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae, and the fungal food contaminant Aspergillus carbonarius,. The highest activity was exhibited by the essential oils from leaves and flowers, suggesting that they could be considered natural antimicrobial agents.

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Dermatophyte lesions in the hedgehog as a reservoir of penicillin-resistant staphylococci

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400045174 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 293-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

John M. B. Smith ◽

Mary J. Marples

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Production ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Primary Site ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Penicillin Production ◽

Antibiotic Concentration ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽

Rabbit Skin

An antibiotic substance biologically resembling penicillin G was produced by the growth ofTrichophyton mentagrophytesvar.erinacei, T. mentagrophytes var. granulareandT. mentagrophytesvar.interdigitalein Sabouraud's dextrose broth. An antibiotic concentration equivalent to 7 units/ml. penicillin G could be produced by var.erinaceiwhen grown in a suitable nutrient medium.Epidermophyton floccosumalso produced a substance which inhibited the growth of the Oxford staphylococcus. However, this substance was not completely inactivated by penicillinase. Noin vitroantibiotic production could be demonstrated withT. rubrum, T. concentricum, T. terrestreorMicrosporum canis.Penicillin production could be demonstrated in rabbit skin infected with T. ment-agrophytes var. erinacei. Pathogenic staphylococci falling on a var. erinacei guinea-pig lesion increased rapidly in the ringworm tissue. The inhibiting concentration of penicillin G for such staphylococci was shown to increase from 5·0 µg./ml. to above 20·0 µg./ml. as the ringworm progressed.The presence ofT. mentagrophytesvar.erinaceiin a high percentage of hedgehogs is considered the main reason why the skin is the primary site of staphylococcal multiplication in hedgehogs and why most of theStaphylococcias aureusstrains recoverable from these animals are penicillin resistant.

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Epidemiology of dermatophytosis in northeastern Iran; A subtropical region

Current Medical Mycology ◽

10.18502/cmm.5.2.1156 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maryam Ebrahimi ◽

Hossein Zarrinfar ◽

Ali Naseri ◽

Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh ◽

Abdolmajid Fata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽

Tinea Unguium ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Mashhad City ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Tinea Faciei

Background and Purpose: Dermatophytes as the causative agents of dermatophytosis(ringworm) are widely spread around the world. Accurate identification ofdermatophytes in one area can be particularly important for epidemiological studies.Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to describe the species spectrum ofdermatophytes, isolated from patients in Mashhad city, Iran, using the molecular-basedmethod.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 79 dermatophyte isolatesobtained from the human skin, hair, and nail specimens. Species identification wasperformed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphismanalysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions using MvaI restrictionenzyme.Results: The identified species included Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitalespecies complex (n=37, 46.8%), Epidermophyton floccosum (n=12, 15.2%), T. rubrum(n=8, 10.1%), Microsporum canis (n=8, 10.1%), T. violaceum (n=5, 6.3%), T. tonsurans(n=4, 5.1%), Nannizzia gypsea (n=3, 3.8%), T. benhamiae (n=1, 1.3%), and T.verrucosum (n=1, 1.3%). The clinical forms of infection were tinea corporis (n=26,32.8%), tinea cruris (n=22, 27.8%), tinea capitis (n=10, 12.6%), tinea unguium (n=7,9%), tinea manuum (n=6, 8%), tinea pedis (n=5, 6.3%), and tinea faciei (n=3, 3.5%).Conclusion: As the findings indicated, T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale speciescomplex had the highest prevalence, and T. benhamiae appeared to be a new emergingagent of dermatophytosis in Mashhad, northeastern Iran.

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Antifungal effects of the biological agent Pythium oligandrum observed in vitro

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x16658690 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 817-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martina Načeradská ◽

Michaela Fridrichová ◽

Dita Kellnerová ◽

Soňa Peková ◽

Petr Lány

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Pythium Oligandrum ◽

Nutrient Media ◽

Therapeutic Concentration ◽

Common Causes ◽

Antifungal Effects

Objectives Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial fungal skin disease and zoonosis. Pythium oligandrum is a micromycete with mycoparasitic properties that is used in agriculture to control fungal infections on plants. Formulations containing P oligandrum were also developed for the treatment of dermatophytoses, but only a small number of case studies have been published. In order to document the process in simplified conditions in vitro, we investigated the effectiveness of P oligandrum against three pathogenic dermatophytes common in domestic animals. Methods Cultures of the pathogens grown on nutrient media and experimentally infected cat hair were treated with P oligandrum preparations in therapeutic concentration and the changes were documented by microscopic videos and scanning electron microscopy. Results There was strong mycoparasitic activity of P oligandrum against Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Conclusions and relevance P oligandrum was demonstrated to be effective against three common causes of dermatophytosis in vitro.

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Antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. against Dermatophytes and Candida species

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20204416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1646

Author(s):

Preeja K. Sundaresan ◽

Kala P. Kesavan

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Candida Species ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Antifungal Action ◽

Sphaeranthus Indicus

Background: Sphaeranthus indicus as an entire plant or the specific parts like roots, leaves, flowers are used for treating helminthiasis, jaundice, diabetes, dyspepsia, fever, cough, hernia, gastritis, hemorrhoids, migraine, leprosy and skin diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. Methods: The antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant Sphaeranthus indicus Linn was evaluated by incorporating the extract in Sabourauds dextrose agar. This property was studied in vitro using the ethanolic extract on Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton floccosum by using Clotrimazole as standard drug.Results: This study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus is having good antifungal activity against Dermatophytes and Candida species. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the promising antifungal action of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. This feature can be exploited in the development of a newer antifungal agent from plant.

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Dermatophyte agents in the city of São Paulo, from 1992 to 2002

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652003000500004 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 259-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Patricia Augusta Vianna Chimelli ◽

Alexandre de Abreu Sofiatti ◽

Ricardo Spina Nunes ◽

Jose Eduardo da Costa Martins

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

São Paulo ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽

Etiologic Agents ◽

Clinical Variants ◽

The City

Dermatophytosis are superficial mycoses caused by fungi that can invade stratum corneum and keratinized tissues. In order to study the frequency of dermatophytes species and the clinical manifestations caused by these fungi, in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, the authors analyzed cultures isolated at the Mycology Laboratory from a selected population (15,300 out-patients of the Hospital das Clínicas, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo) from January 1992 to June 2002. The most prevalent dermatophyte was Trichophyton rubrum (48.7%), followed by Microsporum canis (20.9%), Trichophyton tonsurans (13.8%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9.7%), Epidermophyton floccosum (4.1%), and Microsporum gypseum (2.5%). These agents determined more than one clinical manifestation, i.e., tinea corporis (31.5%), tinea capitis (27.5%), tinea unguium (14.8%), tinea cruris (13.9%), tinea pedis (9.9%), and tinea manuum (1.9%). Clinical variants of dermatophytosis and their relationship to the etiologic agents were studied and the results were compared to those obtained in previous studies in other regions of Brazil and in other countries.

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Synthesis of (E)-1-(2,4-Bis((1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)- 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Activity

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2021.23320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 2341-2346

Author(s):

Nalla Umapathi ◽

Pochampally Jalapathi ◽

Matta Raghavender ◽

Bhookya Shankar

Keyword(s):

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

1H And 13C Nmr ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽

Heterocyclic Molecules

A new series of chalcone based bis 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole heterocyclic molecules (6a-j) were synthesized via the reaction of 1-(2,4-bis((1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)ethanone (6a-e) with substituted benzaldehyde. All the molecules were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and MS spectra spectral data. Compounds 6a-j were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects using a broth disc diffusion method. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial potential against Gram-positive (Micrococcus luteus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus), Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) bacterial and fungal (Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum) strains by comparison of the reference drugs, zentamycin sulphate (antibacterial) and nystatin (antifungal). The screened compounds 6f, 6e, 6c and 6i were found to be the most active against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains.

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Evaluación de la sensibilidad de hongos dermatofitos aislados de muestras clínicas a los antifúngicos

Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología ◽

10.36995/j.recyt.2020.34.014 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 101-106

Author(s):

Beda E. Mereles Rodríguez ◽

Jacqueline N. Fiedler ◽

Azucena Bruquetas ◽

Miriam E. Chade

Keyword(s):

Trichophyton Rubrum ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum

Los dermatofitos causan infecciones que en ocasiones no responden adecuadamente al tratamiento antifúngico implementado, sin embargo, se han publicado muy pocos estudios de sensibilidad a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar in vitro, la sensibilidad de hongos dermatofitos aislados de muestras clínicas frente a tres antifúngicos de uso habitual. Se trabajó con 50 cepas de las especies: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton tonsurans y Epidermophyton floccosum. Los antifúngicos probados fueron terbinafina, itraconazol y fluconazol. Para el estudio de la sensibilidad se desarrolló la técnica de microdilución en caldo según el documento M38-3ra ed. del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. El inóculo fue ajustado a 103 UFC/ml. Se incubaron a 35° C con lecturas diarias hasta las 96 horas. Terbinafina fue la de mayor actividad antifungica (CIM entre 0,03 y 0,50 μg/ml), seguida por itraconazol (CIM entre 0,12 y 4 μg/ml). Fluconazol mostró la menor actividad antifúngica (CIM de 8 a > 64 μg/ml). Se concluye que la terbinafina presenta la mayor actividad antifúngica in vitro frente a las cepas de dermatofitos estudiadas.

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