scholarly journals A comparative study of spirochaetes from the porcine alimentary tract

1981 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Lemcke ◽  
M. R. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Swine Dysentery ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Treponema Hyodysenteriae

SUMMARYStrains ofTreponema hyodysenteriaecapable of inducing swine dysentery in specific pathogen-free pigs were compared with other spirochaetes from the porcine alimentary tract by biochemical and serological tests and by electrophoresis of their proteins. Carbohydrate fermentation and esculin hydrolysis were similar in all the spirochaetes. Indole was produced byT. hyodysenteriaeand by some of the other spirochaetes. Analysis of the fatty acids produced from glucose showed a difference betweenT. hyodysenteriaeand other spirochaetes only in the amount ofn-butyric acid produced. The indirect fluorescent antibody test showed extensive cross-reactions between all the spirochaetes unless antisera were first absorbed. A microtitre agglutination test and a growth-inhibition test were both more specific; strains ofT. hyodysenteriaecould be distinguished from the other spirochaetes using unabsorbed sera. Both tests revealed some antigenic heterogeneity among strains ofT. hyodysenteriae. The cell proteins of a single strain ofT. hyodysenteriaegave an electrophoretic pattern distinct from those of the other spirochaetes.Two of the six spirochaetes not associated with swine dysentery, PWS/B and PWS/C, were indistinguishable serologically and electrophoretically. The other four strains were serologically distinct from one another and from PWS/B and PWS/C. Only two of these spirochaetes were examined electrophoretically, but each gave a different pattern from PWS/B and PWS/C. The diversity observed among spirochaetes not associated with swine dysentery indicates that their suggested inclusion in a single species,T. innocens, may prove to be unjustified.

INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY METHOD IN SERODIAGNOSIS OF TOXOPLASMOSIS

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Kelen ◽  
L. Ayllon-Leindl ◽  
N. A. Labzoffsky
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Serological Tests

The principle of the indirect fluorescent antibody-staining procedure was adapted for use in the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis and the technique compared with other serological tests most commonly employed at present.The results obtained with normal and immune rabbit sera as well as human patients' sera indicate that the indirect fluorescent antibody test for toxoplasmosis is specific in a degree comparable to the complement fixation test, and is sensitive enough for routine laboratory use, its sensitivity being somewhat higher than that of the complement fixation test. The Sabin–Feldman dye test gave positive results with human sera from cases clinically unrelated to toxoplasmosis much more frequently and usually in higher titers than did the complement fixation and the fluorescent antibody tests. On the other hand, the dye test showed a few negative results on sera for which the other tests proved to be positive. The indirect fluorescent antibody test for toxoplasmosis is safer and simpler to perform than the dye test, as living organisms are not used in the test, and prepared smears of killed toxoplasma suspension on cover slips can be kept antigenically active in the frozen state for at least 6 months.The indirect fluorescent antibody test for toxoplasmosis is recommended for use in the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis either as a single test or as a supplementary test for checking complement fixation negative sera or the results obtained by the dye test.

scholarly journals Occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and/or Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle Fridlund Plugge ◽  
Fabiano Montiani Ferreira ◽  
Rosária Regina Tesoni de Barros Richartz ◽  
Adriana de Siqueira ◽  
Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aimed to evaluate occurrences of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs. Blood samples from 147 dogs were collected: 127 from owned dogs (attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Curitiba), and 20 from stray dogs found in Curitiba's metropolitan region. The dogs presented one or more of the following neurological signs: seizures, paresis or paralysis, ataxia, behavioral abnormalities, sensory and somatic disorders and chorioretinitis. The samples were analyzed by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), at a cutoff dilution of 1:50. Out of the 147 samples obtained, 17 (11.56%) were seropositive for N. caninum, 31 (21.08%) for T. gondii and four (2.72%) for both protozoa. Serum titration on the positive animals showed that 54.83% (17/31) and 41.18% (7/17) had titers > 1:200 against T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. A significant difference in seropositivity for T. gondii (P = 0.021; OR = 2.87; CI = 1.1 > 2.8 > 7.4) was observed between owned dogs (18.11%) and stray dogs (40%). Inclusion of serological tests for neosporosis and toxoplasmosis is recommended in diagnosing neurological diseases in dogs.

scholarly journals Canine Leishmaniasis: Serological Results in Private and Kennel Dogs Tested over a Six-Year Period (2009–2014) in Abruzzo and Molise Regions, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915
Author(s):  
Fabrizio De Massis ◽  
Carla Ippoliti ◽  
Simona Iannetti ◽  
Manuela Tittarelli ◽  
Sandro Pelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Molise Region ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Information Management

This paper reports the results of serological tests for the detection of antibodies against Leishmania spp. in Abruzzo and Molise regions from 2009 to 2014, with the aim of evaluating the presence and distribution of canine leishmaniasis. Data were extracted from the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Abruzzo and Molise, and then the dog identification numbers were matched with those stored in the Canine Registries of the two regions to get information about the age of dogs at time of testing. Dogs were considered positive when having an IFAT (Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test) titer ≥1:80. In total, 41,631 dogs were tested, 85.3% from Abruzzo and 14.7% from Molise. At the provincial level, the percentage of positive dogs ranged from 5.2% (L’Aquila, Abruzzo region) to 21.8% (Campobasso, Molise region). Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that in the coastal areas, the relationships between the host, the vector, and the agent are more favorable for the spreading of CanL, and it seems that densely populated urban internal areas have less favorable conditions. Being a dog hosted in a kennel seems not to be a factor increasing the probability that dogs show positivity, even in long-term sheltering conditions.

scholarly journals PCR-based identification of Neospora caninum in the umbilical cord of a newborn calf in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton Azevedo da Cunha Filho ◽  
Plínio Aguiar de Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Caetano de Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Geraldo Pappen ◽  
Cintia Lidiane Guidotti Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Umbilical Cord Tissue ◽  
Alternative Test

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted at a beef cattle breeding farm in the far southern region of Brazil. The birth of a calf with unilateral corneal opacity was immediately reported to the Laboratory of Parasitology, in the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; blood was collected from the cow and calf before colostrum intake. The umbilical cords from this calf and from six other healthy animals were collected. Serological examination, utilizing an indirect fluorescent antibody test, was done using a cut-off point of 1:100. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed using the umbilical cord samples. Serological tests showed that the calf was positive for Neospora caninum at birth, with a titer of 1:1600; a titer of 1:3200 was reported in the dam. PCR, using umbilical cord tissue from the affected animal, was positive for the presence of this parasite, and the molecular identity of the amplified product was confirmed by sequencing. Therefore, the detection of N. caninum DNA in the umbilical cord represents a novel alternative test for the diagnosis of this parasitic infection in newborn calves that are clinically suspected to have neosporosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multivalent Leptospira Fluorescent Antibody Conjugates for General Diagnostic Use

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Miller ◽  
Mark A. Wilson ◽  
Clyde A. Kirkbride
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Typical Cell ◽  
Antibody Conjugates ◽  
Treponema Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Culture Positive

Four lots of conjugate were evaluated for optimal dilution and degree of fluorescence produced with reference cultures and bovine and porcine leptospira isolates. One lot that uniformly produced better fluorescence was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity with reference cultures, isolates, culture-positive tissues, and 13 other bacterial species. Further evaluation of the conjugates was done with bovine, porcine, and ovine specimens submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. Leptospires were detected with the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) in 9 of 21 culture-positive bovine kidneys and were detected in diluted cultures when present at concentrations of 102-1O3 organisms/ml. With the exception of Treponema hyodysenteriae, FAT's of other bacterial cultures produced minimal fluorescence or were negative. Positives were characterized by moderate to brilliant fluorescence of typical cell forms, and most nonspecific fluorescence was eliminated with a flazo-orange counter-stain. The results indicated that the FAT utilizing multivalent conjugates could be used successfully as an additional method for diagnosis of leptospira infections.

A 34-year retrospective study of equine viral abortion in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Bażanów ◽  
A.B. Frącka ◽  
N.A. Jackulak ◽  
Z.M. Staroniewicz ◽  
S.M. Ploch
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Vero Cell Lines ◽  
Isolation Test

Abstract The purpose of the present review was a comparison of the abortions caused by EAV and EHV-1 viruses over the 34 years. A total of 452 tissues samples from aborted fetuses (347) or foals (105) stillborn or newborn that died within 72 hours were investigated. The material for the examinations came from different farms located throughout Poland. The tissue homogenates were examined by using virus isolation test in RK-13 and Vero cell lines and the cytopathic agent was confirmed as EHV-1 by the direct fluorescent antibody test or as EAV by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. The study indicated that EAV was isolated (104 cases, 23%) almost as equally often as EHV-1 (116 cases, 25.6%). Both, equid herpesvirus-associated abortion and the abortion induced by EAV were characterized by cyclicity. The percentage of EAV and EHV-1 isolation alternately reduced and increased, but the increase of isolation of one virus was accompanied by the decrease of the other. The domination of one virus over the other occurred in cycles of a few years.

scholarly journals Mycoplasmas isolated from the respiratory tract of horses

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Allam ◽  
R. M. Lemcke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Species ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses

SUMMARYTen mycoplasmas were isolated from 130 nasopharyngeal swabs from thoroughbred horses with acute respiratory disease and three from 198 apparently normal horses. Two mycoplasmas were isolated from 21 tracheal swabs taken at necropsy. These mycoplasmas, together with six isolated from the equine respiratory tract by other workers, were subjected to biochemical and serological tests. Other properties examined in certain representative strains were appearance under the electron microscope, ability to adsorb or agglutinate the erythrocytes of various animal species and the electrophoretic pattern of the cell proteins.On the basis of these tests, mycoplasmas from the equine respiratory tract were divided into seven species. Three species belonged to the genusAcholeplasma, members of which do not require sterol for growth, and were identified asA. laidlawii, A. oculi(formerlyA. oculusi) originally isolated from the eyes of goats, and a recently named speciesA. equifoetale, previously isolated from aborted equine fetuses.Of the four sterol-dependentMycoplasmaspecies, one was identified asM. pulmonis, a common rodent pathogen. Another cross-reacted serologically withM. felisand should probably be classified as that species. The other two species probably represent new species peculiar to the horse. One of these, represented by the strains N3 and N11, ferments glucose and is serologically distinct from 19 recognized species of glucose-utilizing mycoplasmas and from two species which do not metabolize either glucose or arginine. The other species, represented by four strains, hydrolyses arginine and, because it is serologically distinct from all the named arginine-hydrolysingMycoplasmaspecies, the nameM. equirhinissp.nov. is proposed for it.Of the seven species, onlyM. pulmonisand the glucose-utilizing species represented by N3 and N11 were found exclusively in horses with acute respiratory disease.A. oculiwas isolated from an apparently normal horse. The other four species were found in normal horses as well as those with respiratory disease, although three out of the four strains ofM. equirhiniswere from sick horses.

scholarly journals Comparison of Weil Felix Test and ELISA with the Gold Standard IFA for the Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus in Clinically Suspected Cases of Scrub Typhus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 1722-1725
Author(s):  
Anisha Elizabeth Jacob ◽  
Marina Thomas ◽  
v Appalaraju
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Scrub typhus is a febrile disease, the clinical diagnosis of which is difficult due to its vague symptoms. Scrub typhus is diagnosed mainly via serological tests. Sensitivity of Weil Felix was found to be poor, but the specificity of Weil Felix was variable in different studies. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgM is known to be a sensitive test, but its specificity was variable in different studies. Therefore, in this study we have compared these two tests with the gold standard IFA. METHODS The study was performed as a cross-sectional study. Among the suspected scrub typhus cases, fifty consecutive IFA scrub typhus positive and fifty consecutive IFA negative samples were taken for comparison of Weil Felix and ELISA tests. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) was taken as the gold standard. RESULTS The sensitivity of ELISA and Weil Felix at a titre of 1 : 160 was found to be 96 % and 40 % respectively. The specificity of ELISA and Weil Felix at 1 : 160 and was found to be 88 % and 94 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS Scrub typhus should be kept in mind as a possible diagnosis in acute febrile illnesses. Weil - Felix was found to have a good specificity but low sensitivity. Hence, if the results by Weil Felix are negative, scrub typhus cannot be ruled out and may require further testing. ELISA showed good sensitivity making it a preferable screening test but is not highly specific and confirmation with IFA may be required when feasible. KEYWORDS Scrub Typhus, ELISA, Weil Felix, IFA, Laboratory Diagnosis

scholarly journals Seroprevalence rates of antibodies againstLeishmania infantum and other protozoan and rickettsial parasites in dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana de Cássia Paulan ◽  
Aline Gouveia de Souza Lins ◽  
Michely da Silva Tenório ◽  
Diogo Tiago da Silva ◽  
Hilda Fátima de Jesus Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
And Control

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, which infects dogs and humans in many regions of Brazil. The present study involved an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to analyze L. infantum,Ehrlichia spp., Babesia canis,Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninuminfection rates in serum samples from 93 dogs in a rural settlement in Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. The seroprevalence rates of anti-L. infantum, anti-Ehrlichia, anti-B. canis, anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies were 37.6%, 75.3%, 72%, 47.3% and 6.4%, respectively. In addition to IFAT, direct microscopic examination of popliteal lymph node aspirates revealed 26.9% of CVL positive dogs. Serological tests revealed that 17.2% of the dogs were seropositive for a single parasite, 29% for two parasites, 33% for three, 16.1% for four, and 1.1% for five parasites, while 3.2% were seronegative for five parasites. The presence of antibodies against these parasites in serum samples from dogs confirmed their exposure to these parasites in this rural area. Because of the potential zoonotic risk of these diseases, mainly leishmaniasis, ehrlichiosis and toxoplasmosis, special attention should focus on programs for the improvement of diagnostic assays and control measures against these parasites.

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