Increase in epithelial mast cell numbers in the nasal mucosa of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the numbers and distribution of mast cells in the nasal mucosa of perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) patients and controls, as demonstrated by different staining methods for light microscopy.Biopsies of inferior turbinate mucosa were taken from 10 patients with PAR and 10 patients undergoing septoplasty or septorhinoplasty (control group). Sections for light microscopy were stained with azure A, chloroacetate esterase and an ABC immunohistochemical technique using antibody to tryptase.Three times more mast cells were found in the epithelium of PAR patients compared to controls using the immunohistochemical technique (p = 0.0074). This method demonstrated considerably more mast cells than the other stains.The increase in epithelial mast cells is consistent with the migration of mast cells seen in seasonal allergic rhinitis, and this may be important in the phenomenon of nasal priming seen after repeated antigen exposure.

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Mast cell numbers in the mucosa of the inferior turbinate in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: a light microscopic study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100117165 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 105 (9) ◽

pp. 736-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. B. Drake-Lee ◽

B. Moriarty ◽

Lesley A. Smallman

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

House Dust ◽

House Dust Mite ◽

Inferior Turbinate ◽

Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Cell Numbers ◽

Dust Mite ◽

Normal Controls

AbstractThe number of mast cells in the inferior turbinate from patients with perennial allergy due to house dust mite were compared with ten normal controls. Ten random high powered fields were counted in the epithelium and the submucosa in samples which had been divided into two and fixed either in aqueous formaim or Carnoy's fixative. The sections from each block were stained with either Azure A or Chloroacetate esterase technique. No statistical differences were found. The lack of increase in mast cell numbers was attributed to degranulation since numbers have been shown to be increased in perennial allergy when sections are examined ultrastructurally.

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Association between Chronic Acetaminophen Exposure and Allergic Rhinitis in a Rat Model

Allergy & Rhinology ◽

10.2500/ar.2015.6.0131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. ar.2015.6.0131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadieska Caballero ◽

Kevin C. Welch ◽

Patrick S. Carpenter ◽

Swati Mehrotra ◽

Tom F. O'Connell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Rat Model ◽

Group Versus ◽

Inferior Turbinate ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin

Background Several population studies demonstrated an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in patients exposed to acetaminophen. However, no histologic studies have been conducted to assess the relationship between acetaminophen exposure and allergic rhinitis. Objective In this study, we investigated the association between chronic acetaminophen exposure and the development of allergic rhinitis in a rat model. Methods Ten female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 5) or an acetaminophen group (n = 5). The acetaminophen group received 200 mg/kg/day of acetaminophen suspended in yogurt via oral gavage for 120 days. The control group received only the yogurt vehicle. Allergic behavioral responses, including nose rub, eye rub, ear scratching, and neck and/or face scratching, were quantified. The rats were killed, and the noses were harvested. The portion of the nose, including the nasal septum and the inferior turbinates, was embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to quantify the inflammatory infiltrate. Results The average number of allergic responses per animal was 13.2 in the acetaminophen group versus 6.2 in the control group (p = 0.032). All the rats in the acetaminophen group (100%) had mast cells infiltrating the lamina propria of the inferior turbinate, whereas mast cells were detected in only 40% of the animals in the control group. The average number of mast cells per animal in the acetaminophen group was 134 versus 21 in the control group (p = 0.048). Conclusions Our study was the first to demonstrate a histologic association between chronic exposure to acetaminophen and rhinitis. Further research to elucidate the mechanism that underlies these findings is necessary.

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The Inferior Turbinate Mast Cell Population of Patients with Perennial Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.2500/105065897781446775 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 63-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Gilead Berger ◽

Arnon Goldberg ◽

Dov Ophir

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Inferior Turbinate ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Nonallergic Rhinitis ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Normal Controls

The number of mast cells in the inferior turbinates of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and perennial nonallergic rhinitis was compared with normal controls. Mast cell counts expressed as the mean number in 100 high-power fields, assessed after Carnoy's fixation and toluidine blue staining were 1.84 in normal controls (n = 11), 4.39 in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (n = 13), and 4.00 in those with perennial nonallergic rhinitis (n = 26). Statistical analysis confirmed that the density of mast cells in allergic as well as in nonallergic patients was significantly higher than in normal controls, whereas no significant difference was found between the number of mast cells in allergic and nonallergic patients. It is concluded that the number of mast cells in the inferior turbinate mucosa of patients with perennial rhinitis is increased compared with normal controls, and the increased number is not necessarily allergy-dependent.

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Mast cell ultrastructure in the inferior turbinate and stroma of nasal polyps

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100137260 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 340-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Adrian Drake-Lee ◽

Jacqueline Price

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Nasal Polyps ◽

Inferior Turbinate ◽

Cell Ultrastructure ◽

Mast Cell Degranulation ◽

Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Ultrastructural Examination ◽

Essentially Normal

AbstractFourteen unselected adult patients with nasal polyps had ultrastructural examination of mast cells from matching biopsies of the polyp and inferior turbinate. Between three and 10 blocks were examined for each patient in both tissues and every mast cell that had a nucleus was photographed for study. Fifty-three mast cells were found within the stroma of nasal polyps and 54 in the submucosa of the inferior turbinate biopsies. The number of granules ranged between 13 and 167 (mean 60) for polyps and 18 and 148 (mean 61) in the inferior turbinate. The mast cells appeared essentially normal in the inferior turbinate of four patients. The degree of degranulation of the mast cells was calculated as in previous studies and then averaged for both the polyp and the inferior turbinate of each patient. There was greater degranulation in the nasal polyp compared to inferior turbinate (p= 0.03). These results were compared with mast cell degranulation found in the normal nose and in the inferior turbinate of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis which we previously published. The inferior turbinates in these patients were more degranulated than the normal nose (p= 0.0001) but were similar to that found in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. This suggested that some degree of degranulation may occur throughout the nose in two thirds of the patients with nasal polyps which supports the theory that mast cell reactions are not limited to the polyps in a proportion of patients.

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A comparative study of nasal smear and nasal biopsy in the confirmation of the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in a tertiary hospital of Rohtas district, Bihar

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20181666 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 815

Author(s):

Chandrakant Diwakar ◽

Sujeet Kumar ◽

Kumari Seema ◽

Ahmad Nadeem Aslami ◽

Bhaskar Alwa

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Inferior Turbinate ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Punch Biopsy ◽

Control Group ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Nasal Biopsy

Background: Allergic rhinitis is an IgE mediated immunological response of nasal mucosa to air born allergens is characterized by watery nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, sneezing and itching in the nose. Objective of this study was to compare and determine the efficacy of nasal smear and nasal biopsy in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.Methods: In this study of total number of patients were 100. These were divided in two group, test and control group and each group contain 50 cases. This study was performed in the period of April 2017 to March 2018 in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar. Nasal Punch biopsy was taken from the inferior turbinate from the selected patient of allergic rhinitis under local anesthetic agent like 2% Xylocaine with adrenaline. Results: The mean age of the patient undergoing the study was 35.88±13.22 in the study group and 32.96±10.71 in the control group. In this study, sample are matched with p=0.228. Eosinophil in nasal smear is significantly more associated with cases with p<0.001. Mast cells in nasal smear is significantly more associated with cases with P=0.006.Conclusions: Nasal biopsy is better than nasal smear in diagnosing eosinophils in case of allergic rhinitis but for diagnosing mast cells biopsy is not sensitive enough in compared to nasal smears. So nasal biopsy can be used as a diagnostic test for allergic rhinitis.

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Nasal Cytology in Radiofrequency Turbinate Volume Reduction

ORL ◽

10.1159/000513629 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Giancarlo Pecorari ◽

Giuseppe Riva ◽

Claudia Bartoli ◽

Mattia Ravera ◽

Valeria Dell’Era ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Effective Treatment ◽

Nasal Obstruction ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Inferior Turbinate ◽

Volume Reduction ◽

Nonallergic Rhinitis ◽

Turbinate Hypertrophy ◽

Nasal Cytology ◽

Rhinitis Medicamentosa

Introduction: Radiofrequency turbinate volume reduction (RFTVR) is an effective treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy. RFTVR can reduce epithelial cell alterations in nasal mucosa. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effects of RFTVR on nasal obstruction and cytology, stratifying for different types of rhinitis. Methods: Nasal cytology and subjective nasal obstruction were evaluated on 113 patients before RFTVR (T0) and after 3 months (T1). The patients were divided into groups on the basis of the underlying disease: allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, rhinitis medicamentosa, and other diseases (e.g., hormonal-based turbinate hypertrophy). Results: Nasal cytology at T0 identified 42 patients with allergic rhinitis, 40 with nonallergic rhinitis, 19 with rhinitis medicamentosa, and 12 with other diseases. An improvement of nasal cytology at T1 was observed in 29.2% of cases. They mainly consisted of patients with nonallergic rhinitis with neutrophils, whose neutrophil infiltrate decreased. Only 2 cases (1.7%) showed a worsening of nasal cytology at T1. A statistically significant decrease in subjective nasal obstruction was observed for every group (p < 0.05). Higher differences of nasal obstruction between T0 and T1 were found in patients with rhinitis medicamentosa or other diseases. Conclusion: RFTVR represents a safe and effective treatment for turbinate hypertrophy of various etiology. It is not responsible for a worsening of inflammatory infiltrate of the nasal mucosa.

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Topical Antigen Provocation Increases the Number of Immunoreactive IL-4-, IL-5- and IL-6-Positive Cells in the Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000237647 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hiroko Saito ◽

Kohji Asakura ◽

Hideki Ogasawara ◽

Masako Watanabe ◽

Akikatsu Kataura

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

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Comparison of Intranasal Hypertonic Dead Sea Saline Spray and Intranasal Aqueous Triamcinolone Spray in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556130508400713 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 426-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Scott Cordray ◽

Jim B. Harjo ◽

Linda Miner

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Dead Sea ◽

Control Group ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Intranasal Corticosteroids ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

The Dead ◽

Positive Effect

Intranasal corticosteroids are well known to be efficacious in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Nasal irrigation with saline, including hypertonic saline, has long been recommended for the treatment of sinonasal disease, and it has been shown to have a positive effect on the physiology of the nasal mucosa. Until now, no study of the clinical efficacy of intranasal hypertonic Dead Sea saline as a monotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis has been reported. We conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of intranasal hypertonic Dead Sea saline spray and intranasal aqueous triamcinolone spray in 15 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Results were based on a 7-day regimen. Based on Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores, clinically and statistically significant (p < 0.0001) improvements were seen in both active-treatment groups; as expected, the corticosteroid spray was the more effective of the two treatments. No significant improvement occurred in the control group. Our preliminary results not only confirm the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroid therapy in moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis, they also suggest that the Dead Sea saline solution can be an effective alternative in mild-to-moderate allergic rhinitis, particularly with respect to nasal and eye symptoms. The hypertonicity of the Dead Sea solution may have a positive effect on the physiology of the nasal mucosa by improving mucociliary clearance. In addition, the dominant cation in the Dead Sea solution— magnesium— probably exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the nasal mucosa and on the systemic immune response.

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