The APRA Government and the Urban Poor: The PAIT Programme in Lima's Pueblos Jóvenes

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Graham
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Precarious Situation

It is now a well-known sad story that Alan Garcia's APRA government initially raised high hopes within and outside Peru and then collapsed into incoherent policy-making and political chaos, with hyper-inflation and a drastic increase in insurgent violence as a result. The social costs of that collapse have been grave indeed, and the worst victims have been the nation's poor, who were already subsisting at deplorable levels prior to the crisis. Paradoxically, one of the priorities of the APRA government upon coming to power in 1985 was the improvement of the precarious situation of the nation's poor and marginalised population in the pueblos jóvenes–shanty-towns–and in the sierra. The APRA government introduced a variety of innovative strategies directed at these groups. The most highly publicised of those–the Programa de Apoyo de Ingreso Temporal (PAIT)–is the subject of this study.

scholarly journals Will Climate Change Cause Enormous Social Costs for Poor Asian Cities?

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Challenges

Climate change could significantly reduce the quality of life for poor people in Asia. Extreme heat and drought, and the increased incidence of natural disasters will pose new challenges for the urban poor and rural farmers. If farming profits decline, urbanization rates will accelerate and the social costs of rapid urbanization could increase due to rising infectious disease rates, pollution, and congestion. This paper studies strategies for reducing the increased social costs imposed on cities by climate change.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Klisala Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Capability Development ◽  
Music Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

This introduction considers the author’s position to the subject matter and book, including its insistence that people who experience poverty should enjoy human rights all of the time, even at the time of music-making. A critical ethnography of human rights in artistic practice, it introduces what musicking, or the social processes of engaging music, does and does not do for urban poor from the perspective of capability development and human rights. Developing capabilities is a key element of struggling toward human rights, but these capabilities may not be human rights in themselves. The prelude describes the author’s roles as a violinist, arts organizer and researcher in urban poverty as well as how she overcame methodological challenges faced during the study.

scholarly journals Implementation of Effective Pollution Control by Food Processors

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
William M. Crosswhite
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quality Deterioration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

Over the past two years, a national commitment to reduce pollution has emerged. Firms and governmental units will be required to internalize most, if not all, costs associated with pollution control. This will move us in the direction of reducing the social costs associated with environmental quality deterioration. The subject of social costs or “externalities” has been widely discussed by economists [5].

Road Pricing on the Basis of Congestion Costs: Consistent Results from Two Historic U.K. Towns

2000 ◽  
Vol 1732 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Santos
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Deadweight Loss ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Congestion Costs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

The idea of road pricing as a function of congestion costs in the United Kingdom (U.K.) was put forward in a seminal report published by the U.K. Ministry of Transport in 1964. After 35 years, little has been done and the reasons behind this delay are mainly political, as the failure to implement congestion metering in Cambridge at the beginning of the 1990s shows. The subject has taken on a new urgency now that the U.K. government has announced its intention to authorize local councils to introduce road charges. Road pricing has a strong theoretical basis, but congestion costs must be quantified before it can be implemented. For that purpose, a simulation model is used. The social costs of congestion are measured by the deadweight loss and calculated from the difference between the marginal social costs and the price actually paid by trip makers. An exercise was done for two similar towns, Cambridge and York, and potential road charges differing by only 8 percent on average were obtained. This seems to strengthen the idea that finding road charges in a few cases, each one characteristic of a larger set of towns, would allow the provision of guidelines to local councils. In that way, fair road prices could be established across the U.K. The use of revenues from public-accepted road charges is also discussed.

Economics, Environmental Policy, Trade and Sustainability

2014 ◽  
pp. 246-268
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trade Regimes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The Way

Sustainability has to be measured by different tools of valuation. Furthermore, the philosophy behind environmental policy making also decides the way sustainability is perceived and measured in a society. Moreover, in a growing globalized world, trade regimes and routes also impact the social, economic and environmental segments of sustainability of trade partners. This chapter makes an attempt to outline these notions to bring a larger clarity on the subject of sustainability.

Economics, Environmental Policy, Trade and Sustainability

2017 ◽  
pp. 94-113
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Ghosh ◽  
Anandajit Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trade Regimes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The Way

Sustainability has to be measured by different tools of valuation. Furthermore, the philosophy behind environmental policy making also decides the way sustainability is perceived and measured in a society. Moreover, in a growing globalized world, trade regimes and routes also impact the social, economic and environmental segments of sustainability of trade partners. This chapter makes an attempt to outline these notions to bring a larger clarity on the subject of sustainability.

The Social Costs of Underemployment

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dooley ◽  
JoAnn Prause
Keyword(s):  
Social Costs ◽  
The Social

Positive Reintegration as a Way of Small and Medium-Sized Business Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
A. Zolotov ◽  
M. Mukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Alternative Possibility ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modernization Process

А new approach to policy-making in the field of economic reforms in modernizing countries (on the sample of SME promotion) is the subject of this article. Based on summarizing the ten-year experience of de-bureaucratization policy implementation to reduce the administrative pressure on SME, the conclusion of its insufficient efficiency and sustainability is made. The alternative possibility is the positive reintegration approach, which provides multiparty policy-making process, special compensation mechanisms for the losing sides, monitoring and enforcement operations. In conclusion matching between positive reintegration principles and socio-cultural factors inherent in modernization process is provided.

Fakir Baykurt’un Almanya öykülerinde Türk göçmen çocukları

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Efnan Dervişoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Life Education

Almanya’ya işçi göçü, neden ve sonuçları, sosyal boyutlarıyla ele alınmış; göç ve devamındaki süreçte yaşanan sorunlar, konunun uzmanlarınca dile getirilmiştir. Fakir Baykurt’un Almanya öyküleri, sunduğu gerçekler açısından, sosyal bilimlerin ortaya koyduğu verilerle bağdaşan edebiyat ürünleri arasındadır. Yirmi yılını geçirdiği Almanya’da, göçmen işçilerle ve aileleriyle birlikte olup işçi çocuklarının eğitimine yönelik çalışmalarda bulunan yazarın gözlem ve deneyimlerinin ürünü olan bu öyküler, kaynağını yaşanmışlıktan alır; çalışmanın ilk kısmında, Fakir Baykurt’un yaşamına ve Almanya yıllarına dair bilgi verilmesi, bununla ilişkilidir. Öykülere yansıyan çocuk yaşamı ise çalışmanın asıl konusunu oluşturmaktadır. “Ev ve aile yaşamı”, “Eğitim yaşamı ve sorunları”, “Sosyal çevre, arkadaşlık ilişkileri ve Türk-Alman ayrılığı” ile “İki kültür arasında” alt başlıklarında, Türkiye’den göç eden işçi ailelerinde yetişen çocukların Almanya’daki yaşamları, karşılaştıkları sorunlar, öykülerin sunduğu veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiş; örneklemeye gidilmiştir. Bu öyküler, edebiyatın toplumsal gerçekleri en iyi yansıtan sanat olduğu görüşünü doğrular niteliktedir ve sosyolojik değerlendirmelere açıktır. ENGLISH ABSTRACTMigration and Children in Fakir Baykurt’s stories from GermanyThe migration of workers to Germany has been taken up with its causes, consequences and social dimensions; the migration and the problems encountered in subsequent phases have been stated by experts in the subject. Fakir Baykurt’s stories from Germany, regarding the reality they represent, are among the literary forms that coincide with the facts supplied by social sciences. These stories take their sources from true life experiences as the products of observations and experiences with migrant workers and their families in Germany where the writer has passed twenty years of his life and worked for the education of the worker’s children; therefore information related to Fakir Baykurt’s life and his years in Germany are provided in the first part of the study.  The life of children reflected in the stories constitutes the main theme of the study.  Under  the subtitles of “Family and Home Life”, “Education Life and related issues”, “Social environment, friendships and Turkish-German disparity” and “Amidst two cultures”, the lives in Germany of children who have been  raised in working class  families and  who have immigrated from Turkey are  evaluated under the light of facts provided by the stories and examples are given. These stories appear to confirm that literature is an art that reflects the social reality and is open to sociological assessments.KEYWORDS: Fakir Baykurt; Germany; labor migration; child; story

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document