The Contraband Slave Trade to Brazil and the Dynamics of US Participation, 1831–1856

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO MARQUES
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Trade Legislation

AbstractThis article explores the US contribution to the illegal transatlantic slave trade to Brazil and the tensions generated by this hemispheric connection in the mid-nineteenth century. It combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, based on diplomatic records and Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, in order to assess the size and variety of forms of US participation in the traffic to Brazil. More generally, the article examines the tensions caused by the rise of abolitionism and the limits to the enforcement of anti-slave trade legislation in the free trade international environment that emerged after the Napoleonic Wars. By framing the attitudes of the US government within a broader Atlantic context, this work shows why certain forms of US participation in the contraband slave trade (such as providing US-built ships) became more predominant than others (such as directly financing and organising slave voyages) by the mid-nineteenth century.

‘There to sing the song of Moses’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Home Base ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
The Town ◽  
Song Of Moses

This chapter examines how the African Methodist preacher John Jea adapted his spoken and written discourse to appeal to different working-class audiences in Liverpool and Portsmouth during the first two decades of the nineteenth century. When Jea lived and preached in Liverpool between 1801 and 1805, the slave trade was at its height, generating sorely-needed employment for the local working-class community. Conversely, when he lived and preached in Portsmouth, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the town was the sole home base for the Royal Navy’s suppression of the now-outlawed transatlantic slave trade – a source of significant local pride. These local contexts affected both Jea’s treatment of slavery and his deployment of sensational, ‘American-style’ Methodism, in each location.

scholarly journals O Atlântico enfermo e os agentes da saúde no período do tráfico ilegal

Afro-Ásia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade

<p>Resenha de:<br />BARCIA, Manuel. <em>The Yellow Demon of Fever: Fighting Disease in the Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Slave Trade</em>. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 2020. 269p.</p>

Revolution

Atlantic Wars ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 252-273
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Plank
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
The Common ◽  
Moral Superiority

Chapter 11 traces the common origins and consequences of revolutions in various regions of the Atlantic world. In Europe and much of the Americas, a new military ethic developed, promoting patriotic and loyal service and condemning mercenaries and foreign interventionists. Campaigners against the transatlantic slave trade sought to dissociate Europeans and Americans from African violence. In the Americas, revolutionary conflict fuelled racial and communal animosity. Revolutionaries and counterrevolutionaries sensed their own moral superiority and showed contempt for their opponents. Anger, fear, and the desire for vengeance fed on each other, in some places leading to genocidal violence. In the early nineteenth century the United States condemned British aid to indigenous American warriors and expressed general opposition to European military intervention in the newly independent American republics. National and imperial policies adopted in the revolutionary era broke the early modern pattern of transatlantic war.

scholarly journals Fifty Shades of Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
Ryan Espersen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Slave Traders

Abstract From 1816 to the 1830s, the islands of St. Eustatius, Saba, St. Thomas, St. Maarten, and St. Barts were actively engaged with illicit trade in ships, prize goods, and the transatlantic slave trade. Ships’ crews, governors, and merchants took advantage of the islands’ physical, political, and legal environments to effectively launder goods, ships, and people that were actively involved in these activities. St. Thomas stands out due to the longevity of its status as a regional and international hub for illicit trade at the end of Atlantic and Caribbean privateering and piracy. Within this social and political environment, this paper will unveil the tensions between international, regional, and local interests that drove merchants and colonial officials on St. Thomas to engage with illegal transatlantic slave traders, privateers, and pirates, during the early nineteenth century. Secondly, this paper will reveal the processes through which these relations occurred.

scholarly journals Tricks of the Slave Trade

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Edgardo Pérez Morales
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
Cuban Sugar ◽  
Trading Activities

Around 1808, Spaniards’ ability to outfit and successfully complete slaving expeditions to Africa paled in comparison to the skill of French and British slavers. In the wake of British Abolitionism and the Cuban sugar revolution, however, some Spaniards learned the tricks of the slave trade and by 1835 had brought over 300,000 captives to Cuba and Puerto Rico (most went to Cuba). This article presents evidence on the process through which some Spaniards successfully became slave traders, highlighting the transition from early trial ventures around 1809–15 to the mastering of the trade by 1830. It pays particular attention to the operations and perspectives of the Havana-based firm Cuesta Manzanal & Hermano and to the slave trading activities on the Pongo River by the crewmen of the Spanish ship La Gaceta. Although scholars have an increasingly solid perception of the magnitude and consequences of the Cuba-based trade in human beings in the nineteenth century, the small-scale dynamics of this process, ultimately inseparable from long-term developments, remain elusive. This article adds further nuance to our knowledge of the post-1808 surge in the Spanish transatlantic slave trade.

scholarly journals Slave Flights and Runaway Communities in Angola (17th-19th centuries)

Anos 90 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roquinaldo Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
Slave Resistance ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade

This article explores slave resistance in Angola by focusing on slave flights and the formation of runaway communities during the era of the transatlantic slave trade from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. It argues that slave flights and runaways communities were integral to societies under Portuguese influence in coastal and internal Angola. It demonstrates that flights occurred due to a wide variety of reasons, including opposition to shipment to Brazil, mistreatments by slave owners, and the influence of African social institutions and customs. Runaways’ fate depended on the willingness of African rulers to taken them as fugitives, and many became part of gangs that disrupted the trade between coastal Angola and slave markets in the interior. The article argues that slave flights and runaway communities became more numerous in the nineteenth century, as the transatlantic slave trade declined and commercial agriculture was established in the Luanda hinterland.

Conceptual Traffic

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christen Mucher
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Related Issue ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Conceptual Changes ◽  
Atlantic Slavery

This essay argues that rhetorical and material gaps have limited scholars’ ability to see the connections between Atlantic slavery and the War of 1812, and it outlines these limits as created by contemporary conceptual changes in the meaning of trade, ideologies of neutrality and “free trade,” as well as current-day nation-centered historiography and the problem of missing archival records. By turning to French shipping records, the essay outlines the difficulty of documenting contraband and illicit activities, and draws connections between neutrality disagreements, early nineteenth century U.S.-French commerce, slavery, and the War of 1812. The essay suggests that a better understanding of wartime trade agreements and the related issue of neutrality, more careful attention to the conceptual disaggregation of foreign from internal slave trade, and an awareness of the gaps in the archive are all necessary to challenge and amend the heretofore-isolated narratives of the Atlantic slave trade and the War of 1812.

The Making of a Prophetic People

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
American Jews ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government

This chapter examines the period from the mid-nineteenth century to the turn of the century, when American Jews were absorbed by the task of acculturation. As American Jews grew more settled, accepted, and confident, they began asking the US government to use its growing power to stop the persecution of Jews abroad. In the long run, American Jews placed their faith in the same sort of liberalism and rule of law that had been so good to them. Because illiberal states that were tormenting Jews were unlikely to become converts to liberalism, the Jews of France, Britain, and the United States hoped that their governments would impose these reforms. Additionally, they were antinationalists and anti-Zionists. In their view, the answer to the Jewish Problem was not a Jewish homeland in some godforsaken backwater in the Middle East where they were not wanted. Zionism was unrealistic and could potentially lead to questions American Jews would prefer were never asked.

Legal Practitioners

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
Fabian Klose
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Member State ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
National Interests ◽  
International Courts ◽  
International Jurisdiction ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Slave Ships ◽  
Atlantic Area

In the wake of the efforts to fight the transatlantic slave trade during the nineteenth century the first system of international jurisdiction emerged, the so-called Mixed Commissions for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. These courts sought to guarantee the conviction of captured slave ships by a uniform set of practices, functions, and procedures for all of the commissions established throughout the Atlantic area. However, the Mixed Commissions were far from being a body of frictionless international cooperation. Instead, they were a fiercely contested place, where each member state sought to enforce its competing national interests concerning abolition. The aim of this chapter is to focus on this rather ambiguous character of the Mixed Commissions and its members. It focuses on the ambiguous roles of the commission members as legal actors, diplomats, and advocates in order to present the first system of international courts as a fiercely contested body of early international cooperation.

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