The Rural Development Challenge to the Universities: Safety in Theory or Danger in Practice?

1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deryke Belshaw ◽  
Ian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Small Towns

The universities often may seem remote from rural communities, but they continue to draw a proportion of their students from the villages and small towns and, increasingly, a concern for the welfare of the rural inhabitants informs and directs the teaching, applied research, and theoretical debates of many members of staff.

scholarly journals Talking about the Challenges Faced by Rural Social Management in the Background of New Urbanization

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Meng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
New Type ◽  
Social Management ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Urbanization

<p>New-type urbanization is a coordinated development of large, medium and small cities, small towns, and new rural communities. Strengthening rural social management is an important link in promoting the new urbanization process. This article makes an objective analysis of the relationship between rural rejuvenation and new urbanization, national policies conducive to rural development, and challenges and countermeasures in rural social management.</p>

scholarly journals The how tough is WASH framework for assessing the climate resilience of water and sanitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Howard ◽  
Anisha Nijhawan ◽  
Adrian Flint ◽  
Manish Baidya ◽  
Maria Pregnolato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractClimate change presents a major threat to water and sanitation services. There is an urgent need to understand and improve resilience, particularly in rural communities and small towns in low- and middle-income countries that already struggle to provide universal access to services and face increasing threats from climate change. To date, there is a lack of a simple framework to assess the resilience of water and sanitation services which hinders the development of strategies to improve services. An interdisciplinary team of engineers and environmental and social scientists were brought together to investigate the development of a resilience measurement framework for use in low- and middle-income countries. Six domains of interest were identified based on a literature review, expert opinion, and limited field assessments in two countries. A scoring system using a Likert scale is proposed to assess the resilience of services and allow analysis at local and national levels to support improvements in individual supplies, identifying systematic faults, and support prioritisation for action. This is a simple, multi-dimensional framework for assessing the resilience of rural and small-town water and sanitation services in LMICs. The framework is being further tested in Nepal and Ethiopia and future results will be reported on its application.

scholarly journals MP16: Quality of work life among nurses and physicians in Québec rural emergency departments

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S70
Author(s):  
R. Fleet ◽  
G. Dupuis ◽  
M. Mbakop-Nguebou ◽  
P.M. Archambault ◽  
J. Plant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Nurses And Physicians

Introduction: Recruitment and retention of healthcare staff are difficult in rural communities. Poor quality of work life (QWL) may be an underling factor as rural healthcare professionals are often isolated and work with limited resources. However, QWL data on rural emergency (ED) staff is limited. We assessed QWL among nurses and physicians as part of an ongoing study on ED care in Québec. Methods: We selected EDs offering 24/7 medical coverage, with hospitalization beds, in rural or small towns (Stats Canada definition). Of Québec’s 26 rural EDs, 23 (88%) agreed to participate. The online Quality of Work Life Systemic Inventory (QWLSI, with 1 item per 34 “life domains”), was sent to all non-locum ED nurses and physicians (about 500 potential participants). The QWLSI is used for comparing QWL scores to those of a large international database. We present overall and subscale QWL scores as percentiles (PCTL) of scores in the large database, and comparisons of nurses’ and physicians’ scores (t test). Results: Thirty-three physicians and 84 nurses participated. Mean age was 39.8 years (SD=10.1): physicians=37 (7.7) and nurses=40.9 (10.7). Overall QWL scores for all were in the 32nd PCTL, i.e. low. Nurses were in the 28th PCTL and physicians in the 44nd (p&gt;0.05). For both groups, QWL was below the 25th PCTL i.e. very low, for “sharing workload during absence of an employee”, “working equipment”, “flexibility of work schedule”, “impact of working hours on health”, “possibility of being absent for familial reasons”, “relations with employees”. The groups differed (p&lt;0.05) on only two subscales: remuneration and career path. For remuneration, scores were similar on fringe benefits (nurses 22nd PCTL, physicians 32nd) and income security (nurses 72nd, physicians 74th), but differed on income level (nurses 74th, physicians 93rd). The groups differed on all 3 career path items: advancement possibilities (nurses 53th, physicians 91st), possibilities for transfer (nurses 51nd, physicians 84th) and continuing education (nurses 18th, physicians 49th). Conclusion: Overall QWL among rural ED staff is poor. Groups had similar QWL scores except on career path, with physicians perceiving better long-term prospects. Given difficulties in rural recruitment and retention, these findings suggest that QWL should be assessed in rural and urban EDs nationwide.

scholarly journals Trophy Hunting, Conservation, and Rural Development in Zimbabwe: Issues, Options, and Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor K. Muposhi ◽  
Edson Gandiwa ◽  
Paul Bartels ◽  
Stanley M. Makuza
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Fiscal Constraints ◽  
Trophy Hunting ◽  
Wildlife Use ◽  
Emerging Issues

Trophy hunting has potential to support conservation financing and contribute towards rural development. We conducted a systematic review of the Zimbabwean trophy hunting perspective spanning from pre-1890 to 2015, by examining the following: (1) evolution of legal instruments, administration, and governance of trophy hunting, (2) significance of trophy hunting in conservation financing and rural development, and (3) key challenges, emerging issues in trophy hunting industry, and future interventions. Our review shows that (i) there has been a constant evolution in the policies related to trophy hunting and conservation in Zimbabwe as driven by local and international needs; (ii) trophy hunting providing incentives for wildlife conservation (e.g., law enforcement and habitat protection) and rural communities’ development. Emerging issues that may affect trophy hunting include illegal hunting, inadequate monitoring systems, and hunting bans. We conclude that trophy hunting is still relevant in wildlife conservation and rural communities’ development especially in developing economies where conservation financing is inadequate due to fiscal constraints. We recommend the promotion of net conservation benefits for positive conservation efforts and use of wildlife conservation credits for the opportunity costs associated with reducing trophy hunting off-take levels and promoting nonconsumptive wildlife use options.

scholarly journals EU Rural Policy’s Capacity to Facilitate a Just Sustainability Transition of the Rural Areas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5050
Author(s):  
Barbara Wieliczko ◽  
Agnieszka Kurdyś-Kujawska ◽  
Zbigniew Floriańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Sustainability Transition ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
Just Sustainability ◽  
The Eu

The sustainability transition of rural areas is a must due to rapid climate changes and biodiversity loss. Given the limited resources of rural communities, policy should facilitate a just sustainability transition of the EU rural areas. The analysis of EU development policies, past performance and the envisaged scope of reform, presented in this study point to a serious inconsistency between the declaration and implementation of relevant policies. Namely, the marginal role rural areas perform in common agricultural policy and cohesion policy; a result of the lack of a complex approach to rural development. The analysis was based on the concept of good governance and took a multi-level perspective. It advocates territorial justice as an approach that should be at the core of creating a comprehensive policy for rural areas in the EU, including their diversity and empowering local communities to choose the transition pathway that is most in line with their current situation and development capacity. This analysis fills a gap in research on the evolution of the rural development policy in the EU. This research can inform the reprioritization and intensification of efforts to create equitable policies for EU rural development.

scholarly journals O gosto amargo do esquecimento: origens rurais da indústria do pêssego em Pelotas, RS, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Flávio Sacco dos Anjos ◽  
Nádia Velleda Caldas ◽  
Juliane Conceição Primon Serres
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Italian Culture ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Ethnographic Museums ◽  
National Production ◽  
Canning Industry ◽  
Depth Interviews

Pelotas é conhecida como a capital nacional do doce. Nesse contexto, a indústria de conservas de pêssego é uma atividade secular nessa localidade, a qual se acha inserida dentro de uma região que concentra aproximadamente 62% da produção nacional. Trata-se de gênero industrial cujas raízes são eminentemente rurais. Tais fábricas surgiram pelo empreendedorismo de colonos oriundos, sobretudo, da França e Alemanha. Todavia, entre os anos 1950 e 1970 são implantadas diversas medidas governamentais que simultaneamente inviabilizam as pequenas fábricas rurais e favorecem o capital agroindustrial via concessão de grandes incentivos fiscais e creditícios. Não obstante, no interior das comunidades rurais as marcas dos tempos áureos das fábricas e dos moinhos persistem, apesar da ação do tempo. Para muitos, nada mais seriam do que registros imagéticos de tempos pretéritos, enquanto para outros seriam apenas a constatação de um ciclo que tende a sucumbir no curso dos processos econômicos. Mais recentemente surgiram museus etnográficos da cultura francesa, alemã e italiana que evocam o legado dos imigrantes e de seus descendentes, os quais surgiram em virtude de projetos de extensão conduzidos por docentes da UFPel. Este estudo se baseia em entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com diversos atores do território.Palavras-chaves: Pêssego; desenvolvimento rural; turismo rural; ruralidade.The bitter taste of forgetfulness: rural origins of the peach industry in Pelotas, BrazilABSTRACT Pelotas is known as the national capital of candy. In this context, the peach canning industry is a secular activity in this locality, which is located within a region that concentrates approximately 62% of national production. It is an industrial genre whose roots are eminently rural. Such factories arose due to the entrepreneurship of settlers, mainly from France and Germany. However, between 1950 and 1970 several governmental measures are implemented that simultaneously make small rural factories unfeasible and favor agro-industrial capital through the granting of large fiscal and credit incentives. Nevertheless, within rural communities, the golden age marks of factories and mills persist despite the action of time. For many, they would be nothing more than imagetic records of past times, while for others they would be merely the realization of a cycle that tends to succumb in the course of economic processes. More recently, ethnographic museums of French, German and Italian culture have emerged that evoke the legacy of immigrants and their descendants, which emerged as a result of extension projects led by UFPel teachers. This study is based on in-depth interviews with various local actors.Keywords: Peach; rural development; rural tourism; rurality.

Airbnb Contribution to Rural Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Abbas Strømmen-Bakhtiar ◽  
Evgueni Vinogradov ◽  
Marit Kristin Kvarum ◽  
Kristian Rydland Antonsen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Urban Bias ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The One

The technological developments described in terms of industrial revolutions or disruptive innovations have been shaping economic and social life in rural areas. The global trend towards urbanization presents a major challenge to rural communities. The aim of this article is to study how the peer-to-peer economy influences rural municipalities. On the one hand, in the literature, it is argued that sharing economy may improve accessibility, encourage mobility, attract investments and reduce urban bias. On the other hand, both academics and practitioners are aware of the disruptive effects of sharing economy on e.g., local real estate and labor markets. This qualitative study is based on empirical data from a municipality on the Lofoten Islands of Norway. The results demonstrate that Airbnb has some positive and some negative effects on rural development, but the magnitudes of these effects are modest. Of positive effects, the authors can mention increased local tourism, stimulation of conservation/restoration of traditional houses, and increased recreational mobility for rural residents.

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