scholarly journals Peace parks in Southern Africa: bringers of an African Renaissance?

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes van Amerom ◽  
Bram Büscher
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
African Renaissance ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
Peace Parks

The pursuit of an African Renaissance has become an important aspect of regional cooperation between South Africa and its neighbours. Transfrontier conservation areas, or ‘Peace Parks’ as they are popularly called, have been identified as key instruments to promote the African Renaissance dream, and are increasingly advocated and justified on this basis. By fostering joint conservation (and tourism) development in Southern Africa's marginalised border regions, Peace Parks are claimed to further international peace, regional cooperation and poverty reduction, and thus serve basic ideals of the African Renaissance. This article critically explores this assumption. Using the joint South African-Mozambican-Zimbabwean Great Limpopo Park as a case study, it argues that in reality the creation of Peace Parks hardly stimulates and possibly even undermines the realisation of the African Renaissance ideals of regional cooperation, emancipation, cultural reaffirmation, sustainable economic development and democratisation. So far, their achievement has been severely hindered by domination of national interests, insufficient community consultation, and sensitive border issues such as the illegal flows of goods and migrants between South Africa and neighbouring countries. Furthermore, exacerbation of inter-state differences induced by power imbalances in the region, and harmonisation of land use and legal systems across boundaries, are increasingly becoming sources of conflict and controversy. Some of these problems are so severe, we conclude, that they might eventually even undermine support for African Renaissance as a whole. Utmost care is thus required to optimally use the chances that Peace Parks do offer in furthering an African Renaissance.

scholarly journals Tourism and poverty in rural South Africa: A revisit

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Toerien
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Geography ◽  
Rural South Africa

Debates about the value of pro-poor tourism indicated a need to revisit the links between the dynamics of tourism and hospitality enterprises and community poverty in rural South African towns. The numbers of tourism and hospitality enterprises in these towns are related to population numbers by a power law with a sub-linear exponent. The residents of smaller South African towns are more dependent on the tourism and hospitality sector than are the residents of larger towns. Measurement of the enterprise dependency indices (EDIs) of these towns provides a valid measurement of their wealth/poverty states. Their EDIs are directly and negatively associated with the strength of their tourism and hospitality sectors. Communities in towns with more tourist and hospitality enterprises are overall wealthier, and vice versa. This finding contrasts with a previous view about tourism and poverty reduction in South Africa. Debates about the benefits of pro-poor tourism should include information about the impact of tourism on community wealth/poverty. The EDI is a simple, yet powerful, measure to provide poverty information. Expressing the number of tourism and hospitality enterprises per 1000 residents of towns enables comparisons of towns of different population sizes. Based on ideas of the ‘new geography of jobs’, it is clear that tourism is part of what is called the traded sector and results in inflows of external money into local economies. Tourism is a driver of prosperity and a reducer of poverty in South African towns.

The Contribution of Tourism to Peacebuilding Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Teixeira ◽  
Paula Duarte Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
International System ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Peace Parks

The concern for environmental protection within an increasingly globalised international system has led to the planning of Transfrontier Conservation Areas, among which Peace Parks aim to achieve or maintain peace across borders. Based on the growing importance that tourism practice has for the sustainability of Peace Parks, this chapter reflects on how the tourism activity developed within Peace Parks can contribute to peacebuilding processes. This dynamic is addressed by analysing a case study, focused on the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park. It shows that tourism has the potential to positively contribute to sustainability, creating better living conditions for the local population and, consequently, promoting the achievement of peace. However, it also shows that tourism may have the opposite effect if national interests dominate, if there is insufficient consultation of local communities' interests or if sensitive border and land-use issues are not overcome.

scholarly journals An ethical analysis of the implementation of poverty reduction policies in South Africa and Chile and their implications for the Church

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Christian Ethics ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
South Africans ◽  
The Church ◽  
Practical Implications

The focus of this contribution is the issue of poverty reduction within the South African and Chilean contexts. It is rooted in the academic field of Christian Ethics and also draws on several texts from the human and economic sciences. Policies adopted and practical steps taken to overcome poverty by the respective governments between 1990 and 2012 are evaluated and the theological and practical implications of poverty for the church are briefly highlighted. Despite differences between these two countries, South Africans can learn much from the Chilean policy and its implementation.

scholarly journals GLOBAL SCIENCE, NATIONAL HORIZONS: SOUTH AFRICA IN DEEP TIME AND SPACE

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1106
Author(s):  
SAUL DUBOW
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Global Science ◽  
African Renaissance ◽  
Inaugural Lecture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antarctic Research

AbstractIn his inaugural lecture, Saul Dubow, Smuts Professor of Commonwealth History at Cambridge University, discusses the modern history of science in South Africa in terms of ‘deep time’ and space, drawing links between developments in astronomy, palaeontology, and Antarctic research. He argues that Jan Smuts's synthetic discussion of South African science in 1925, followed by J. H. Hofmeyr's discussion of the ‘South Africanization’ of science in 1929, has parallels in post-apartheid conceptions of scientific-led nation-building, for example in Thabo Mbeki's elaboration of the ‘African Renaissance’. Yet, whereas the vision of science elaborated by Smuts was geared exclusively to white unity, Mbeki's Africanist vision of South African science was ostensibly more inclusive. The lecture concludes by considering South Africa as one of several middle order countries which have used national science and scientific patriotism to address experiences of colonialism and relations of inequality and to assert their influence in regional contexts.

The Struggle for African Identity: Thabo Mbeki's African Renaissance

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-277
Author(s):  
PAL AHLUWALIA
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
African Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
African Renaissance ◽  
Pan Africanism ◽  
The Many

ABSTRACT This paper examines South African President Thabo Mbeki's notion of the African Renaissance. Representations of Africa have been challenged in the past by movements such as negritude and pan-Africanism. Thabo Mbeki's proclamation of the African Renaissance can be seen as another attempt to fight and challenge prevailing representations of Africa. An African Renaissance that does not degenerate into essentialism (particularlism) has the potential to transform the lives of the many Africans who have been ravaged by the continuing legacy of colonialism. The author argues that if the call for an African Renaissance is to have any lasting impact on the African condition, it must be careful to avoid taking the essentialist positions advocated by earlier ideological movements such as negritude. The essay contends that the call for an African Renaissance is an important effort which needs to be adopted by Africans beyond the borders of South Africa.

scholarly journals Governance, ‘sovereignty-state-territory triad’, human population migration and xenophobia in (South) Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Tsheola ◽  
Martina Segage
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
African Renaissance ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
State Governance ◽  
Peace Parks ◽  
State Territory

This article seeks to examine the association of the concept of governance of international relations and, by implication, human population migration, through the rigid practices of “sovereignty-state-territory triad” with the fomentation and exacerbation of societal stereotypes, attitudes and perceptions of xenophobia in Africa, in general, and South Africa, in particular. Ascriptions of the majority of population migration as “international” affirms the centrality of the operationalisation of the “sovereignty-state-territory triad” in understanding the fragmentary constructions of societal attitudes and perceptions of people resident in distinct geopolitical entities ascribed as national territories. State and non-state governance entrapments with this triad perpetuate societal stereotypes that are in concurrence with bordered-territories where populations described as citizens are stimulated to protect endowments and resources of the land against the perceived destruction associated with the conduct of the out-groups. Unsurprisingly, the theorisation of human population migration has equally been intricately involved with environmental conservation and securitisation of biodiversity that enables land dispossession of the vulnerable sections of the population through the Western economic narratives of “Peace Parks”. Simultaneously in Southern Africa, the concept of African Renaissance, inescapably embedded with “cooperation and conflict” at all scales, has offered a buzzword to be realised through “Peace Parks” that have evidently failed to deliver reaffirmation of African cultures, continental emancipation and democratisation. The preeminence of societal stereotypes, attitudes and perceptions of xenophobia and violent abuses of African immigrants in South Africa provides vivid illustrations of the inconsistencies and non-linearity of concepts such as African Renaissance and “Peace Parks”. This article asserts that measures for repairing the landscapes of xenophobia among Africans, especially in South Africa, will remain pipedreams if they are not embedded with adaptive governance designed to undermine the rigidities of the “sovereignty-state-territory triad”, prevalent in the international relations.

scholarly journals South Africa as a Development Partner: An Empirical Analysis of the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund

2020 ◽  
pp. 567-581
Author(s):  
Philani Mthembu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
South African ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Development Partner ◽  
African Renaissance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Open Question

AbstractAs South Africa looks to consolidate its role as a development partner, it remains an open question whether it can maintain a strong presence in Africa while facing significant challenges at home. With the economy struggling to grow and the government increasingly cutting back on expenditure, one has to wonder whether these cuts are translating into a reduction of its role as a development partner in Africa. With the eagerly awaited South African Development Partnership Agency in mind, this chapter examines data from the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund (ARF) between 2003 and 2015. It shows empirically that, despite increasing allocations and disbursements in the years following its inception, the global financial crisis and domestic challenges have taken their toll on the ARF’s activities.

scholarly journals South African Economic Development in SADC Sub-Regional Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1(J)) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew O. Enaifoghe ◽  
Toyin C. Adetiba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Apartheid Regime

Following the end of colonialism in the Southern African sub-region, the SADC has experienced a thorough rearrangement with South Africa as the front-runner as opposed to her pre-1994 stance on integration. African regional cooperation has nevertheless been revitalised in some ways as a result of the two major events which started in the beginning of the 1990s that include the abolition of the apartheid regime in South Africa, and the eventual stabilisation of both political and economic relationships in the Southern Africa sub-region. This study employs the use of content analyses to assess the position of South Africa investments in SADC. Through the use ofregional integration, the studyfurther examined various South Africa’s Key Economy Performance since 1994 which are the main contributing factors to South African economic growth; furthermore it looks at her material, commodity and political investment in the subregional integration process to determine if it serves as the strategy for National Economic Development for South Africa.The paper find out thatregardless of South Africa’s economic clout within the SADC region, its Foreign Direct Investment is predominantly from its investment and market penetration of Southern Africa region while maintaining constant economic growth.  

scholarly journals The Determinants of Household Poverty in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajuruchukwu Obi ◽  
Sanelise Tafa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Good Picture ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Poverty Status

South Africa was privileged to be part of the MDGs agenda which was adopted in 2000. One of the aims of MDGs was to reduce extreme poverty by half in 2015. For that reason, South Africa integrated policies and strategies to rid poverty by half to that of United Nations (UN). Through all the combined policy approaches, South Africa has successfully achieved the target of halving the population living below PPP$1.25c per person per day. Whichever threshold used, the results showed that the percentage share of people living below poverty line has now decreased from 11.3 per cent in 2000 to 4.0 per cent in 2011. However, these reports are not reflecting the exact poor’s experiences because at household level there is still an outright poverty. Therefore, if the national poverty report gives a good picture about South African poverty status whereas there is still prevalence of poverty at household level, there are high chances that wrong policies in regard to poverty reduction strategies will be wrought. Hence this paper focuses on the determinants of household poverty in South Africa. The sole aim of this paper is to assess the determinants of household poverty in South Africa. The reviewed literature on determinants of poverty in South Africa would enable policy makers to see the effect of demographic characteristics on poverty in South Africa. Thus, strategies and policies aimed at alleviating poverty in South Africa can be directed to the discussed factors.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the conservation status of Aquatic Biotopes

Koedoe ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Noble
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Conservation Areas

The aims of Project Aqua in South Africa are stated. A classification and definitions of the different aquatic biotopes encountered is discussed. Recommendations for the conservation of additional sites not in existing conservation areas are made. A first South African Project Aqua site list is proposed.

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