The Contribution of Tourism to Peacebuilding Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Teixeira ◽  
Paula Duarte Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
International System ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Peace Parks

The concern for environmental protection within an increasingly globalised international system has led to the planning of Transfrontier Conservation Areas, among which Peace Parks aim to achieve or maintain peace across borders. Based on the growing importance that tourism practice has for the sustainability of Peace Parks, this chapter reflects on how the tourism activity developed within Peace Parks can contribute to peacebuilding processes. This dynamic is addressed by analysing a case study, focused on the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park. It shows that tourism has the potential to positively contribute to sustainability, creating better living conditions for the local population and, consequently, promoting the achievement of peace. However, it also shows that tourism may have the opposite effect if national interests dominate, if there is insufficient consultation of local communities' interests or if sensitive border and land-use issues are not overcome.

scholarly journals Peace parks in Southern Africa: bringers of an African Renaissance?

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes van Amerom ◽  
Bram Büscher
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
African Renaissance ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
Peace Parks

The pursuit of an African Renaissance has become an important aspect of regional cooperation between South Africa and its neighbours. Transfrontier conservation areas, or ‘Peace Parks’ as they are popularly called, have been identified as key instruments to promote the African Renaissance dream, and are increasingly advocated and justified on this basis. By fostering joint conservation (and tourism) development in Southern Africa's marginalised border regions, Peace Parks are claimed to further international peace, regional cooperation and poverty reduction, and thus serve basic ideals of the African Renaissance. This article critically explores this assumption. Using the joint South African-Mozambican-Zimbabwean Great Limpopo Park as a case study, it argues that in reality the creation of Peace Parks hardly stimulates and possibly even undermines the realisation of the African Renaissance ideals of regional cooperation, emancipation, cultural reaffirmation, sustainable economic development and democratisation. So far, their achievement has been severely hindered by domination of national interests, insufficient community consultation, and sensitive border issues such as the illegal flows of goods and migrants between South Africa and neighbouring countries. Furthermore, exacerbation of inter-state differences induced by power imbalances in the region, and harmonisation of land use and legal systems across boundaries, are increasingly becoming sources of conflict and controversy. Some of these problems are so severe, we conclude, that they might eventually even undermine support for African Renaissance as a whole. Utmost care is thus required to optimally use the chances that Peace Parks do offer in furthering an African Renaissance.

scholarly journals The Socio-Economic Impact of Syrian Refugees on Labor in Jordan: Case Study on Local Communities in Mafraq Governorate

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (101) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Abdelmahdi Alsoudi
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Water Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Jordan is heavily affected by the influx of over 1.4 million Syrians among them 655,000 registered refugees. Today, the country has been struggling to provide housing, water, education, healthcare and jobs to its increased population and this huge number of Syrian refugees. When Syrians first arrived to Jordan they received assistance and sympathy from the host communities but once it became clear that they are here to stay and started to compete with local population for food, housing, jobs and services things started to change. Host communities in Mafraq and elsewhere in the country became weary of refugees, as the two groups have to compete over such scarce socio-economic resources and would rather see Syrians go back to their country. The study recommends more international aid to Jordan to enable the government to provide food, jobs and services to its population and refugees. The government should provide economic aid for the local population in Mafraq to help them cope with the refugees’ crisis.

scholarly journals Conversion of agricultural soils in Austria—a case study for a community in Upper Austria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Günther Aust ◽  
Franz Heinrich ◽  
Daniel Horvath ◽  
André Musil ◽  
Cecilie Foldal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Settlement Area ◽  
Soil Sealing ◽  
Upper Austria

SummaryWe have analyzed the loss of agricultural land in a case study of the community Eggelsberg in the Innviertel in Upper Austria. The trigger for the project was the attribution of Austria as Europe’s leader in soil sealing. We compared the results of the Austrian agricultural soil survey of the 1970s with the actual land use and quantified the land use change. Within half a century, 15% of the agricultural area was converted to settlement area or to other forms of infrastructure. According to the original soil assessment, 96 ha of high-quality cropland, 1,220 ha of medium-quality cropland, 121 ha of low-quality cropland, and 409 ha of grassland were converted. The forest cover remained stable. The highest share of soil sealing was owed to the expansion of the settlement area and the construction of a successful enterprise. Minor contributions were expansions of farm buildings. The loss of agricultural land was reasonable and reflected the needs of the local population. A special protection status because of the future relevance of the agricultural land was not communicated to land managers and is not reflected in the market prices of agricultural products. The relevance of the agricultural land beyond the regional level is not fully recognized.

scholarly journals Engaging Local Communities in Low Emissions Land-Use Planning: a Case Study from Laos

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Bourgoin ◽  
Jean-Christophe Castella ◽  
Cornelia Hett ◽  
Guillaume Lestrelin ◽  
Andreas Heinimann
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Local Communities

scholarly journals ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗЕМЛЕКОРИСТУВАННЯ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ПРИРОДНО- ЗАПОВІДНОГО ФОНДУ У СКЛАДІ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ УКРАЇНИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Іванна Гетманьчик ◽  
◽  
Ольга Рубан ◽  
Наталія Грицишин ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ecological Network ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Reserve Fund ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Healthier Living

Economic and environmental measures related to the formation of nature reserves as key elements of the ecological network of Ukraine are considered. It is shown that in conditions of prevailing private ownership of land, a significant role is played by the forced alienation of land plots promising for conservation, as well as the establishment of environmental restrictions in land use. At the same time, the needs of the economy in land resources should be balanced with the requirements of environmental protection and biodiversity conservation. The additional benefits of creating conservation areas for the local population, which are associated with the creation of healthier living conditions and improving the quality of life, preventing the degradation of natural resources and reducing their pollution, are emphasized. The essence of spatial organization of the conditions of conservation of biological diversity in Ukraine through the formation of land-use areas of nature reserve fund is determined. An approach to improving the ecological and economic bases of the formation of land use areas of nature reserve fund, in particular, in the ecological network in Ukraine is given.

scholarly journals Abundant herds: Accumulation, herd management, and land-use patterns in a conservation area

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bollig ◽  
Hauke-Peter Vehrs
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Transfrontier Conservation Area ◽  
Cattle Husbandry

Abstract North-eastern Namibia’s Zambezi Region became part of the world’s largest transboundary conservation area in the early 2010s: the Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. While wildlife numbers and wildlife-based tourism are increasing rapidly in this conservation zone, cattle herds and livestock-based economies are expanding as well. More than conservation and wildlife-based tourism, cattle husbandry is a project of the local population and of the local elite in particular. Cattle are an expression of wealth and are regarded as a means of saving. At the same time, cattle can be used to plough fields, pull sledges, and produce milk and meat for home consumption and also for sale. Cattle also fulfil important social functions; they are necessary for bridewealth payments and are used in cattle loans with which wealthy herd owners furnish poorer relatives. Recent investments into self-financed boreholes have opened new rangelands for the wealthy, while the expansion of conservation areas in the region’s wetlands and the establishment of wildlife corridors have rendered other rangelands challenging due to prohibitions and increasing incidences of human–wildlife conflict. The needs and practices of expanding cattle husbandry often conflict with the demands and challenges of conservation and conservation-related tourism. This contribution describes the emergence and expansion of cattle husbandry in a region which had hardly any cattle before the 1960s and which has seen a major expansion of conservation areas and a subsequent refaunation since the 1980s. The contribution analyses current cattle ownership patterns and management practices. We argue that livestock husbandry and conservation have to be considered together and not as competing land-use strategies that need to be kept apart but as separate visions and aspirations of different stakeholders relating to the same landscape.

scholarly journals Analysing the Mediating Effect of Heritage Between Locals and Visitors: An Exploratory Study Using Mission Patrimoine as a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Beal ◽  
Hugues Séraphin ◽  
Giuseppe Modica ◽  
Manuela Pilato ◽  
Marco Platania
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The One

The connection among firms and tourists within cultural tourism clusters (CTC) is particularly strong in historical and World Heritage Cities destinations due to the ability of these destinations to contribute to the development of social capital (SC). This ability is explained from the fact there is a strong connection between cultural heritage, identity and sense of belonging. In recent years the meaning of heritage has shifted from national to local importance, based on cultural value rather than on architectural or historical value. Therefore, the participation of local communities is essential in the heritage of sustainable tourism. This allows them not only to express their opinions, but also to actually take part in the processes of planning and management of heritage conservation. Local communities are those that are closely linked to cultural heritage. On the one hand, by applying an ambidextrous management approach to Mission Patrimoine (French lottery launched in 2018 aiming at generating revenue to restore build heritage) the French government has the opportunity to initiate a social capital (SC) initiative associating local stakeholders, namely the local government and the local population, and on the other hand, visitors or tourists. In this paper, a community-based heritage conceptual model is suggested to strengthen the identity sense and to combat the negative effects of tourism. Organisational ambidexterity has been identified as the most suitable approach, due to its ability to contribute to the development of a dialogical spaces. The findings of this research are going beyond the topic of heritage. They are relevant to any research related to sustainability.

Transitional Justice in Tunisia: When Religion Meets State

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Power Struggles ◽  
Illustrative Case Study

ABSTRACT∞ In response to criticisms pointed toward the liberal framework of transitional justice (TJ) and its detachment from local communities and norms, there has been a move toward ‘localism’ in the literature and practice of TJ. Recently, a call was made to incorporate Islamic principles and mechanisms into postconflict and post-transition efforts as a measure to increase the local legitimacy and ownership of TJ as well as its acceptance by the local population. Yet, even here, challenges and obstacles remain. Using Tunisia as an illustrative case study, this article argues that local TJ is not immune to power struggles. More specifically, in countries with a legacy of state-sponsored assertive secularism, religion is more likely to play a role as a marker of political and collective identity leading to polarization in the transition process.

scholarly journals Analysis of Rural Social Aspects in the Context of Land Consolidations and Land Use Planning, the Case Study, Czech Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
Petr Karásek ◽  
Dagmar Stejskalová ◽  
Zbyněk Ulčák
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Economic Aspects

Our project was focused on the investigation of attitudes and preferences of the rural population concerning landscape protection and use in the context of land use planning documentations – Land Consolidations (LC) and Land Use Planning (LUP). The survey was organized in the form of questionnaires distributed in four model localities. In total, we obtained 196 responses (almost 32%) out of 617 questionnaires distributed via elementary schools. The respondents are more familiar with the notion of land use planning (80% know the term of land plan) than land consolidations (known by 50% respondents only). The local population are not confident about the land-managing subjects (60% respondents do not believe that the subjects managing agricultural land e.g. protect arable land against erosion). Seventy % of respondents agree with restoration of balks, with reducing the acreages of agriculturally managed land tracts. More than 90% respondents perceive the landscape as a space for recreation, sports, and rest. Only 20% of inhabitants are employed in agriculture (over 60% respondents work in services or other specializations). The respondents prefer natural environment over the economic aspects of the rural areas.

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