Grievances, governance and Islamist violence in sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitriona Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Triggering Events ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Conflict Research

AbstractWhat explains the emergence of Islamist violence as a substantial security threat in such diverse contexts as Kenya, Mali and Nigeria? This article addresses this question through an exploration of the strategies of governance employed by states, and how these shape the emergence and mode of collective violence. Conflict research often emphasises the specificity of Islamist violence; but these conflicts can be understood as a form of political exclusion and grievance-based violence, comparable to other forms of political violence. Further, violent Islamist groups emerge from local conditions: the areas in which groups are established share similar local experiences of governance and political marginalisation; a history of violent conflict on which Islamist militants capitalise; and key triggering events expanding or reinforcing state exclusion. These findings challenge a narrative emphasising the global, interconnected nature of Islamist violence. This article pairs data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Dataset (ACLED) with Afrobarometer survey data and case study evidence to identify drivers of Islamist violence across three African countries.

A critical analysis of water PPP failures in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Tariq ◽  
Xueqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Construction Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
First Case ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Sub Saharan

PurposeTop-down pressure from donors, public sector inefficiencies and fund deficits have steered the introduction of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in sub-Saharan Africa. However, PPP activities in the water sector have been quite insignificant compared to other infrastructure sectors in this region. In addition, a number of water PPPs have encountered great difficulties and subsequent failures. This study aims at unveiling the underlying reasons behind failures.Design/methodology/approachThis study has classified the failure types of water PPPs and reviewed the development of water PPPs in sub-Saharan Africa to identify failed ones. Eight failed case studies are completed through the rigorous approach of event sequence mapping.FindingsNine root causes of water PPP failure are identified through a thorough examination of these failed water PPP cases and the interrelationships between these failure causes are established. The failure causes are further generalized through literature focusing on water PPP failures in developing countries and problematic issues that hinder the implementation of successful water PPPs across different Sub-Saharan African countries. Recommendations are provided for future improvements in carrying out water PPPs in Sub-Saharan Africa by learning past lessons and drawing experiences.Originality/valueThis is the first case study on water PPP failures in Sub-Saharan Africa from a construction management perspective. This study will help governments and the private sector in developing stronger future water PPPs.

ICT in Education Development in Africa

2011 ◽  
pp. 283-305
Author(s):  
Chijioke J. Evoh
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ict In Education ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Sub Saharan

This study presents the rationale for policy and institutional frameworks in the development of ICT in secondary education in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). As the adoption of modern ICTs slowly gain momentum, various stakeholders in education have recognized the importance of leveraging these technological tools for the improvement of teaching and learning. To a large extent, the application of modern ICTs in education remains uncoordinated in many countries. This study identifies the institutional framework as the dominant approach to ICT in education policy process in the region. This involves the participation of broad-based interest groups in the policy process. Using South Africa as a case study, the study presents elements of ICT in education policy as well as policy lessons that would enable African countries use ICTs for productive educational outcomes.

African Politics: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
African State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Politics ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

African Politics: A Very Short Introduction explores how politics is practised on the African continent, providing an overview of the different states and their systems. It considers the nature of the state in sub-Saharan Africa and why its state structures are generally weaker than elsewhere in the world. Exploring the historical and contemporary factors that account for Africa’s underdevelopment, it also analyses why some African countries suffer from high levels of political violence while others are spared. Unveiling the ways in which African state and society actually function beyond the formal institutional façade, this VSI discusses how external factors—both inherited and contemporary—act upon the continent.

scholarly journals Policy makers, regulators and researchers’ perspectives on genomics research and the capacity of the National Health Research Act of 2013 to regulate genomics research in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Oliver Mweemba ◽  
John Musuku ◽  
Tulani Francis L. Matenga ◽  
Michael Parker ◽  
Rwamahe Rutakumwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Health research in sub-Saharan Africa takes place against a lengthy history of exploitation and unfair collaboration. This has involved the export of samples and data from the continent for the benefit of institutions and researchers elsewhere. In this paper, we report the perspectives of people involved in conducting genomics research in Zambia and the capacity of the Health Research Act (HRA) of 2013 in regulating genomics research. Methods: We approached 14 purposively selected stakeholders involved in the development or implementation of the HRA in Zambia for in-depth interviews. These were members of research ethics committees, genomics researchers, Ministry of Health policy makers and institutional lawyers. Results: Participants reported that there are benefits in genomics research for Zambia such as diagnosing and treatment of diseases. Participants also expressed concerns, most of which were ethical in nature. Prominent concerns were on consent. Participants’ main concern was the possible misuse of samples in the future. These concerns resonated with the HRA, which prohibits the use of broad consent for the collection of samples and data for future unspecified research. The implications of this is that Zambians may not participate in any kind of health research for which the storage, sharing and re-use of data or samples is envisaged. The restrictive nature of HRA means that genomics research may be excluded from future health research collaborations, thus isolating the country from potentially beneficial health research. Some policy makers also worried the samples and data that comes from such research may be difficult to access by local scientists. Conclusion: In this article, we describe the views of Zambian policymakers on genomics research and the capacity of HRA in regulating genomics research. Our findings are relevant for the Zambian audience, and other African countries that are aiming to regulate health research, especially genomics research.

scholarly journals A case study of the first pregnant women with COVID-19 in Bukavu, Eastern DR Congo.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne KAJIBWAMI BIRINDWA ◽  
Guy MULINGANYA MULUMEODERHWA ◽  
Olivier NYAKIO ◽  
Guy-Quesney MATESO MBALE ◽  
Serge ZIGABE MUSHAMUKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction: Vertical transmission of covid-19 is possible; its risk factors are worth researching. The placental changes found in pregnant women have a definite impact on the foetus.Case presentation: We report a case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2 (2 alive children), with a history of two caesarean deliveries, who was infected by the SARS-Cov-2 during the last term of her pregnancy. She gave birth by caesarean after 34 weeks of gestation to a new-born baby also infected with SARS-Cov-2. The per-operative observations noted several eruptive lesions in the pelvis, bleeding on contact. Microscopic examination of the foetal appendages revealed thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta and in the umbilical cord vessels.Conclusion: This case is one of the first documented cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. We strongly suggest obstetricians to carefully examine the aspect of the peritoneum, viscera and foetal appendages in affected pregnant women.

scholarly journals A case study of the first pregnant women with COVID-19 in Bukavu, Eastern DR Congo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ETIENNE KAJIBWAMI BIRINDWA ◽  
Guy MULINGANYA MULUMEODERHWA ◽  
Olivier NYAKIO ◽  
Guy Quesney MATESO MBALE ◽  
Serge ZIGABE MUSHAMUKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction: Vertical transmission of covid-19 is possible; its risk factors are worth researching. The placental changes found in pregnant women have a definite impact on the foetus.Case presentation: We report a case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2 (2 alive children), with a history of two caesarean deliveries, who was infected by the SARS-Cov-2 during the last term of her pregnancy. She gave birth by caesarean after 34 weeks of gestation to a new-born baby also infected with SARS-Cov-2. The per-operative observations noted several eruptive lesions in the pelvis, bleeding on contact. Microscopic examination of the foetal appendages revealed thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta and in the umbilical cord vessels.Conclusion: This case is one of the first documented cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. We strongly suggest obstetricians to carefully examine the aspect of the peritoneum, viscera and foetal appendages in affected pregnant women.

MAKING A LIVELIHOOD IN (AND BEYOND) THE AFRICAN CITY: THE EXPERIENCE OF ZIMBABWE

Africa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Potts
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Circular Migration ◽  
African City ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTThe formal labour markets and economies of many cities in sub-Saharan Africa have been very weak for decades and this has led to significant adaptations in the nature of the livelihoods of most urban households. The lack of formal and reasonably paid jobs has also had a strong impact on population growth in cities, although this is often not recognized. This article reviews some of these trends and illustrates them with case study material from Harare, Zimbabwe. There, many urban residents have increasingly struggled to get by and their perceptions of the city and their future within it show a strong negative trend. Links to rural areas and the possibility of making livelihoods there in the future have become more important. These adaptations build on the long history of rural–urban linkages in sub-Saharan Africa but contemporary practices, including patterns of circular migration, are influenced by the harsh realities of African urban economies. The decisions and future plans of some migrants may not, therefore, fit with their aspirations – and the degree and nature of this mismatch are influenced by factors such as gender, age and position in the urban household, and links to rural areas. It is suggested that it helps to analyse the consequent migration patterns in terms of a framework in which migrants’ decisions to stay in the city or leave it are conceptualized as either willing or reluctant.

How relevant to sub-Saharan Africa is the Kyoto Protocol?

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Sebitosi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Subsaharan Africa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

The African Recovery Journal once referred to it as, ‘an opportunity for African countries to attract new financing for their own sustainable development’. It was indeed waited for with much anticipation. In fact, today, it is readily observable that the international Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) market is becoming increasingly dynamic and projected to grow exponentially. However, judging from hard facts on the ground, the reality in sub-Saharan Africa is grim. Moreover, analysts are forecasting a convergence in the market; towards a focus on a few project types in a limited number of host countries. On this scale both, Kenya and Uganda are non-existent as are the rest of their sub-Sahara African compatriots. This paper briefly looks at the history of the CDM and what could have gone wrong for an instrument that had so much promise for subSaharan Africa.

scholarly journals A case study of the first pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Kajibwami Birindwa ◽  
Guy Mulinganya Mulumeoderhwa ◽  
Olivier Nyakio ◽  
Guy-Quesney Mateso Mbale ◽  
Serge Zigabe Mushamuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction Vertical transmission of covid-19 is possible; its risk factors are worth researching. The placental changes found in pregnant women have a definite impact on the foetus. Case presentation We report a case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2 (2 alive children), with a history of two caesarean deliveries, who was infected by the SARS-CoV-2 during the last term of her pregnancy. She gave birth by caesarean at 34 weeks of gestation to a newborn baby also infected with SARS-CoV-2. The peri-operative observations noted several eruptive lesions in the pelvis, bleeding on contact. Microscopic examination of the foetal appendages revealed thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta and in the umbilical cord vessels. Conclusion This case is one of the first documented cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. We strongly suggest obstetricians to carefully examine the aspect of the peritoneum, viscera and foetal appendages in affected pregnant women.

Political Instability and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Further Evidence

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mukum Mbaku
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Institutional Instability ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The 1960S

After more than three decades of independence, many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have not yet developed stable political systems. Since the 1960s, when African countries began to achieve independence, many of them have encountered significant levels of institutional instability. In recent years, political violence has emerged as the most common method of governmental change. In this study, the effects of political violence on economic and human development in Sub-Saharan Africa are examined. It is seen that political instability is a significant constraint to the improvement of the human condition in the region.

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