Variability in Epistreptophyllum from the middle Jurassic of Kachchh, western India: An open question for the taxonomy of Mesozoic scleractinian corals

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Pandey ◽  
B. Lathuiliere
Keyword(s):  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Western India ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Range Of Variation

Epistreptophyllum cornutiformis Gregory, 1900, is the name assigned to a Middle Jurassic population of scleractinian corals from Kachchh, western India. Measurements of ten variables from 84 specimens of this population have been statistically examined by means of univariate and multivariate analyses. A wide range of variation in corallum shape, septal perforation, lateral septal surface ornamentation, nature of the endotheca, and that of the columella is observed. The great majority of specimens are solitary. The wide range of gradational variation observed in this population corresponds to and includes the morphological characters described for various scleractinian genera such as Protethmos Gregory, Metethmos Gregory, Frechia Gregory, and Epistreptophyllum Milaschewitsch. The assignment of these genera to this later senior synonym genus is supported by the description of a well-preserved topotype from Nattheim. The ornamentation of the septa in Epistreptophyllum is detailed and distances it from typical pennular corals.

A Study on the Identity of Bracon hebetor Say and Bracon brevicornis Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Puttarudriah ◽  
G. P. Channa Basavanna
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
North India ◽  
Ephestia Cautella ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Bracon Hebetor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adisura Atkinsoni ◽  
Pyrausta Nubilalis ◽  
Range Of Variation

Literature, mainly Indian, pertaining to the recorded hosts of Bracon hebetor Say and B. brevicornis Wesm., and on the taxonomy of the two species, has been reviewed. Observations on different morphological characters, including the male and female genitalia, which have been used in establishing the identity of the two species, have been made. A large number of B. hebetor specimens reared in Bangalore on Corcyra cephalonica (Stnt.), Ephestia cautella (Wlk.), Adisura atkinsoni Moore and those collected in food-grain godowns, and of B. brevicornis reared on C. cephalonica and E. cautella in Bangalore, on Nephantis serinopa Meyr. from Coimbatore (South India), on Pyrausta nubilalis (Hb.) from Canada and on cotton bollworms (?) from Delhi (North India), have been examined.Differences in colour, relative proportions of antennal joints and punctation on the abdomen have been found to be variable and as such are not to be depended upon for distinguishing the two species. The number of antennal joints which has hitherto been considered to be the decisive character by which the two species may be separated is also not reliable as there is a wide range of variation even in the progeny of a single pair of parents. Above all, the fact that the two species interbreed and give rise to fertile offspring, which also show a fairly wide range of variation in the number of antennal joints, proves that the two are identical, and there is no ground to treat them as two distinct species, at least so far as the Indian specimens are concerned, for which Bracon hebetor Say is the valid name.

Evaluation and Avoidance of False Alarm by Controlling Rhine Water with Continuously Working Biotests

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Puzicha
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
River Test ◽  
Continuous Working ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Contaminant Load ◽  
Rhine Water

Effluents from point sources (industries, communities) and diffuse inputs introduce pollutants into the water of the river Rhine and cause a basic contaminant load. The aim is to establish a biological warning system to detect increased toxicity in addition to the already existing chemical-physical monitoring system. To cover a wide range of biocides, continuous working biotests at different trophic levels (bacteria, algae, mussels, water fleas, fishes) have been developed and proved. These are checked out for sensitivity against toxicants, reaction time, validity of data and practical handling under field conditions at the river. Test-specific appropriate methods are found to differentiate between the normal range of variation and true alarm signals.

scholarly journals Overview of the Genetic Diversity of African Macrotermes (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) and Implications for Taxonomy, Ecology and Food Science

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Egan ◽  
Zwannda Nethavhani ◽  
Barbara van Asch
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
African Species ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
High Level

Macrotermes termites play important ecological roles and are consumed by many communities as a delicacy and dietary complement throughout Africa. However, lack of reliable morphological characters has hampered studies of Macrotermes diversity in a wide range of scientific fields including ecology, phylogenetics and food science. In order to place our preliminary assessment of the diversity of Macrotermes in South Africa in context, we analysed a comprehensive dataset of COI sequences for African species including new and publicly available data. Phylogenetic reconstruction and estimates of genetic divergence showed a high level of incongruity between species names and genetic groups, as well as several instances of cryptic diversity. We identified three main clades and 17 genetic groups in the dataset. We propose that this structure be used as a background for future surveys of Macrotermes diversity in Africa, thus mitigating the negative impact of the present taxonomic uncertainties in the genus. The new specimens collected in Limpopo fell into four distinct genetic groups, suggesting that the region harbours remarkable Macrotermes diversity relative to other African regions surveyed in previous studies. This work shows that African Macrotermes have been understudied across the continent, and that the genus contains cryptic diversity undetectable by classic taxonomy. Furthermore, these results may inform future taxonomic revisions in Macrotermes, thus contributing to advances in termitology.

scholarly journals Non-Nucleoside Agonists of the Adenosine Receptors: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dal Ben ◽  
Lambertucci ◽  
Buccioni ◽  
Martí Navia ◽  
Marucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmacological Interest ◽  
Molecular Modeling Studies ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Alternative Set ◽  
Structural Classes

Potent and selective adenosine receptor (AR) agonists are of pharmacological interest for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and conditions. Among these derivatives, nucleoside-based agonists represent the great majority of molecules developed and reported to date. However, the limited availability of compounds selective for a specific AR subtype (i.e., A2BAR) and a generally long and complex synthetic route for largely substituted nucleosides are the main drawbacks of this category of molecules. Non-nucleoside agonists represent an alternative set of compounds able to stimulate the AR function and based on simplified structures. This review provides an updated overview on the structural classes of non-nucleoside AR agonists and their biological activities, with emphasis on the main derivatives reported in the literature. A focus is also given to the synthetic routes employed to develop these derivatives and on molecular modeling studies simulating their interaction with ARs.

Evelyn Pickering De Morgan's Allegories of Imprisonment

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-317
Author(s):  
Elise Lawton Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Still Life ◽  
Spiritual Transcendence ◽  
Wide Range

Evelyn pickering De Morgan (1855–1919) produced a large body of work, primarily paintings but also some sculptural projects, during a career spanning half a century. The great majority of her images include women as protagonists, often as allegorical personifications but with an unusually wide range of characteristics. She created women as members of a constructed and often constraining civilization, who exhibit at times a sort of drooping resignation, but she also represented women as powerful natural elements, actively in control of their destinies. Her art stands out as an attempt to blend metaphysical concerns about material embodiment and spiritual transcendence, grounded in the Platonic ideal, with concerns about social constraints and creative freedom that can be interpreted from a feminist perspective. By translating these fundamental issues about what it means to be human and, more specifically, female into an allegorical language that was unusual for a woman artist of the period (in fact, called “imprudently ambitious” by one critic1), she moved beyond the socially accepted “female iconography” of still life, landscape, and domestic narrative. Overlapping and sometimes contradictory attitudes toward the roles of women can be traced in her oeuvre, particularly in a body of images related to the theme of imprisonment.

scholarly journals A Note on the Variability in Size of Amblyomma hebraeum Koch

Parasitology ◽  
1915 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Female Tick ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Variation

Variability in the size and, in a lesser degree, the taxonomic features of male ticks, has arrested the attention of all who have had occasion to examine moderately large numbers of examples of the same species. In the case of the female tick, this variability, though doubtless coextensive with that of the male, is more or less obscured by the wide range of variation in size, depending upon the degree of engorgement; and, also, by the fact that in the female tick the taxonomic characters are, as a rule, less pronounced. The present note is only concerned with variability in the size of the male.

scholarly journals Physicochemical aspects and phytoplankton of the river Shitalakhya receiving pharmaceutical effluents

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
ZN Tahmida Begum ◽  
Dilara Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bicarbonate Alkalinity ◽  
Range Of Variation

Phytoplankton from a part of the Shitalakhya river receiving effluents from a pharmaceutical industry have been studied. A total of 78 taxa were identified of which 14 belonged to Cyanophyceae, 11 Chlorophyceae, 20 Euglenophyceae and 33 Bacillariophyceae. The water body was mostly alkaline (6.6 - 8.0) and showed a wide range of variation in conductivity (135 - 4768 μS/cm), DO (anoxia to 15 mg/l), free- CO2 (3 - 29 mg/l), bicarbonate alkalinity (49 - 355 mg/l), BOD (8 - 1800 mg/l) at different locations. Pharmaceutical effluents appeared to affect diversity of phytoplankton. Three diatoms namely Fragilaria brevistriata Grun., F. construens (Ehr.) Grun. and Navicula oblonga Kütz. present in the area, are described as new for Bangladesh. Keywords: Phytoplankton; Pharmaceutical effluents; Shitalakhya River; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5127 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(1): 77-85, 2009 (June)

scholarly journals Variability of Different Yield Contributing Parameters and Yield of Some Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Accessions

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
AKM Ashraful Alam ◽  
Md Mokbul Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation

In order to assess the variability of yield contributing characters of 50 okra accessions and their interrelation effects on the yield of green pod a field experiment was undertaken at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from February, 2002 to May, 2002. A wide range of variation was observed in case of weight of green pod per plant (105- 281g), days to first flowering (40-52days) and weight of individual green pod (14-26g). Moderate variation for length of green pod (12-19cm), number of green pods per plant (6-11) and yield of green pod (4-13 t/ha), lesser variation for percent of dry matter content (5-8%), number of ridges per green pod (5-9) and diameter of green pod (1-2cm) was observed. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation was observed in case of yield of green pod (GCV= 23.22%) followed by weight of green pod per plant (22.24%), weight of individual green pod (18.68%), number of ridges per green pod (13.49%), number of green pod per plant (10.84%), dry matter content of green pod (10.48%), diameter of green pod (6.90%) and length of green pod (6.24%). These characters suggested the existence of justifiable genetic distance among different cultivars. Correlation coefficient indicated that yield of green pod had highly significant positive association with weight of green pod per plant and weight of individual green pod. Path coefficient analysis showed that the weight of green pod per plant and weight of individual green pod were directly contributed towards the yield of green pod. Key words: Okra, accession, variability, yield.

scholarly journals The effect of the height gradient on morphological traits of Dracocephalum nutans L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00024
Author(s):  
Gulnora Denisova ◽  
Safarbek Rahimov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Altitude Gradient ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflorescence Length ◽  
Height Factor

Individuals of Dracocephalum nutans L. have been studied at different altitude levels from 460 to 2437 m above the level seas. The influence of the height gradient on morphological characters has been shown: the number of generative and vegetative shoots, the height of the generative shoot, the length and width of the leaf blade, length of its petiole, and inflorescence length. It was found that the height gradient has the greatest influence on the height of the generative shoot and the length of the inflorescence. When individuals grow higher along the altitude gradient, the height of the generative shoot and the length of the inflorescence decrease. The fluctuation of the average values of the traits of D. nutans in a wide range was established. The intrapopulation analysis of D. nutans individuals does not depend on the height factor.

scholarly journals The effect of cadmium contained in fertilizers on the cadmium content of vegetables

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Jaakkola ◽  
Johan Korkman ◽  
Tuomo Juvankoski
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Range Of Variation

The aim of the study was to find out to what extent the cadmium contained in fertilizer influences the cadmium content of vegetables. For this purpose, highly cadmium-bearing batches of fertilizer were prepared from selected quantities of raw material with an exceptionally high cadmium content. To one such batch of fertilizer, an extra amount of cadmium was added at the mixing stage. In a two-year field experiment carried out in soil consisting of clayey fine sand and begun in 1977, 1000 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer with a cadmium content of either 57 or 81 mg/kg brought about a clear increase in the cadmium content of radish tops. The cadmium content of radish roots, spinach and lettuce appeared likewise to rise, but the differences registered were not, owing to the unevenness of the field, significant. The cadmium content of the dry matter of rye grass was lower than that of the other experimental plants, and it appeared to rise less with an increase in the cadmium content of the fertilizer. Owing to the wide range of variation, the cadmium uptake of the experimental plants could not be determined reliably, The spinach, however, appeared to have taken up the largest amount of cadmium, and the rye grass the least amount. The increase in the cadmium content of the spinach harvested in 1978 corresponded to 1.5‰ of the cadmium introduced into the ground during the two-year period through application of the fertilizer with the highest content of the metallic element.

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