The Larvæ of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparède

1928 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Polydora Ciliata ◽  
Sensory Cilia ◽  
Swimming Larva

SUMMARYThe developments of Polydora ciliata Johns, and Polydora hoplura Clap, are described from the egg to a very late planktonic stage in the case of the former, and to young metamorphosed individuals in the case of the latter. Only external characters are described.In both species the eggs are laid in egg-sacs attached to the wall of the parent's burrow.The larvae of P. ciliata are released at a stage with three chsetigerous segments and lead a long planktonic life.The larvae of P. hoplura are provided with special food in the form of yolk-masses ; they undergo most of their development while in the protecting burrow of their parent; are released at a very late stage, and have only a short planktonic life.The larvae of both species have a complicated vestibule surrounding the mouth, and are provided with special sensory cilia on the head.The larvae are provided with a special kind of cilia, situated at the ends of every nototroch, which are used to take hold of the long provisional bristles in swimming. This suggests that one of the functions of the long bristles is that, in conjunction with these grasping-cilia, they increase the rigidity of the swimming larva, and hence the efficiency of its driving cilia.Previous references to Polydora larvae are briefly discussed.

Tissue microarray based classification of early and late stage colorectal cancer in optical and virtual microscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Sipos ◽  
S Spisák ◽  
T Krenács ◽  
O Galamb ◽  
B Galamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tissue Microarray ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Virtual Microscopy

Method for Assessing the Ecological Risk to the Population in Areas Outside the Planning Zones of Emergency Protection Measures Around the NPP

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
V. M. Polyakov ◽  
Z. S. Agalarov
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Radiation Accident ◽  
Emergency Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Vector Criterion

The article offers a method for assessing the environmental risk in the territories adjacent to the planning zone of emergency protection measures around the NPP. The method is based on simulation modeling of territory pollution, which is formed at the late stage of a radiation accident and zoning of territories by risk, taking into account the characteristics of the population’s life in a potentially dangerous territory. A vector criterion of environmental risk is proposed that allows zoning these territories according to the degree of danger to the population.

Research on Starvation in the Warsaw Ghetto – Ethical Problems

2010 ◽  
pp. 439-450
Author(s):  
Marta Janczewska
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
To Receive

Research team of physicians and lab technicians under Izrael Milejkowski’s direction undertook the effort to carry out a series of clinical and biochemical experiments on patients dying of starvation in the Warsaw ghetto so as to receive the fullest possible picture of hunger disease. The research was carried out according to all the rigors of strict scientific discipline, and the authors during their work on academic articles, published it after the war entitled: „Starvation disease: hunger research carried out in the Warsaw ghetto in 1942,” according to their own words, they “supplemented the gap in accordance with the progress of knowledge.” The article is devoted to the reflections over ethical dilemmas of the research team, who were forced in their work to perform numerous medical treatments of experimental nature on extremely exhausted patients. The ill, according to Dr Fajgenblat’s words,“demonstrated negativism toward the research and treatment, which extremely hindered the work, and sometimes even frustrated it.” The article attempts to look at the monumental research work of the Warsaw ghetto doctors as a special kind of response of the medical profession to the feeling of helplessness to the dying patients. The article analyzes the situation of Warsaw ghetto doctors, who undertook the research without support of any outer authority, which could settle their possible ethical dilemmas (Polish deontological codes, European discussions on the conditions of the admissibility of medical research on patients, etc.).

Lipid allocation in late-stage barnacle larvae from subtropical and temperate waters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Leal ◽  
K Bohn ◽  
SJ Hawkins ◽  
SR Jenkins ◽  
AAV Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage
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