The Zoroastrian fire temple in the ex-Portuguese colony of Diu, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Shokoohy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Town

AbstractThe ex-Portuguese town of Diu on the island with the same name off the south coast of Saurashtra, Gujarat, is one of the best-preserved and yet least-studied Portuguese colonial towns. Diu was the last of the Portuguese strongholds in India, the control of which was finally achieved in 1539 after many years of futile struggle and frustrating negotiations with the sultanate of Gujarat. During the late sixteenth and seventeenth century Diu remained a main staging post for Portuguese trade in the Indian Ocean, but with the appearance of the Dutch, and later the French and British, on the scene the island gradually lost its strategic importance. The town was subjected to little renovation during the nineteenth century while in the twentieth century Diu was no more than an isolated Portuguese outpost with meagre trade until it was taken over by India in 1961. As a result, unlike the other former Portuguese colonies in India – Daman and Goa – Diu has preserved most of its original characteristics: a Portuguese colonial town plan, a sixteenth-century fort and a number of old churches, as well as many of the eighteenth and nineteenth-century houses.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Continuity and Change: Shifts in Labour Relations in the Potosí Mines (1680–1812)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Barragán Romano
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The One

AbstractLabour relations in the silver mines of Potosí are almost synonymous with the mita, a system of unfree work that lasted from the end of the sixteenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century. However, behind this continuity there were important changes, but also other forms of work, both free and self-employed. The analysis here is focused on how the “polity” contributed to shape labour relations, especially from the end of the seventeenth century and throughout the eighteenth century. This article scrutinizes the labour policies of the Spanish monarchy on the one hand, which favoured certain economic sectors and regions to ensure revenue, and on the other the initiatives both of mine entrepreneurs and workers – unfree, free, and self-employed – who all contributed to changing the system of labour.

Maritime Archaeological Studies in India

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddh S. Gaur ◽  
Kamlesh H. Vora
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Indian Coast ◽  
Indian Ocean Trade ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detailed Work

India has played a major role in Indian Ocean trade and the development of shipbuilding technology. The study of the maritime history of India commenced in the first decade of the twentieth century and was largely based on literary data. Maritime archaeological investigations have been undertaken at various places along the Indian coast, such as in Dwarka, Pindara, the Gulf of Khambhat, the Maharashtra coast, the Tamil Nadu coast, etc. Despite a long coastline and a rich maritime history, there are no proper coastal records or records of shipwrecks that are preserved, except some literary references, which suggest a large number of shipwrecks dating between the early sixteenth century and the nineteenth century. This article discusses important shipwrecks on which detailed work is in progress.

Emerson and Whitehead

PMLA ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Author(s):  
Harry Modean Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment

In his discerning book entitled Emerson's Angle of Vision, Sherman Paul has pointed out two fundamental ways in which Whitehead, in spite of some obvious differences, is like Emerson. Both Emerson and Whitehead, says Paul, exalted the moral, ethical, and imaginative science of the seventeenth century over the analytical rationalism of the eighteenth century, and, as a logical consequence of this emphasis, both condemned Lockean sensationalism in the same way. Following Professor Paul's suggestion, the purpose of this study is to explore in some detail the basic views of Emerson and Whitehead about religion—man's relation to Nature and God. The remarkable similarities between the views of Emerson and those of Whitehead on this subject may not indicate much, if any, indebtedness of the twentieth-century philosopher to his nineteenth-century predecessor, but if these parallels are extensive and important enough, they may well indicate that Whitehead's total achievement in the philosophy of religion is like that of Emerson—that, religiously, Whitehead may be said to be a kind of twentieth-century Emerson, in one important way, as may appear, more of a transcendentalist than Emerson. Indeed, though the obscurity of his style will prevent him from being as popular as his predecessor, Whitehead's influence as a leader in the religious revolt against the “philosophy of logical analysis” and the other philosophies that make ours an “age of analysis” may in time be as great as that of Emerson in the similar romantic-transcendentalist revolt against the analytical rationalism of the age of “Enlightenment.” More of this later, but first let us examine the evidence.

INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI ON 26 DECEMBER 2004: NUMERICAL MODELING OF INUNDATION IN THREE CITIES ON THE SOUTH COAST OF SRI LANKA

2008 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. WIJETUNGE ◽  
XIAOMING WANG ◽  
PHILIP L.-F. LIU
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
The South ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Inundation Maps ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
2004 Tsunami

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused enormous loss of lives and damage to property in Sri Lanka and in several other countries bordering the Indian Ocean. One way of mitigating potential loss of lives from a similar event in the future is through early warning and quick evacuation of vulnerable coastal communities to safer areas, and such evacuation planning is usually carried out based on inundation maps. Accordingly, the present paper outlines the numerical modelling carried out to develop tsunami inundation maps on a grid of 10 m resolution for three cities on the south coast of Sri Lanka. The results give the tsunami arrival time contours and the spatial distribution of the extent of inundation, the maximum flow velocities as well as the hydrodynamic force in these three cities due to an event similar to the 2004 tsunami.

The Early History of the Sultanate of Angoche

1972 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. D. Newitt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Early History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Set Up

The sultanate of Angoche on the Moçambique coast was founded probably towards the end of the fifteenth century by refugees from Kilwa. It became a base for Muslim traders who wanted to use the Zambezi route to the central African trading fairs and it enabled them to by-pass the Portuguese trade monopoly at Sofala. The Portuguese were not able to check this trade until they themselves set up bases on the Zambezi in the 1530s and 1540s, and from that time the sultanate began to decline. Internal dissensions among the ruling families led to the Portuguese obtaining control of the sultanate in the late sixteenth century, but this control was abandoned in the following century when the trade of the Angoche coast dwindled to insignificance. During the eighteenth century movements among the Macua peoples of the mainland and the development of the slave trade in the Indian Ocean laid the foundations for the revival of the sultanate in the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Evolution of two troughs in the tropical Indian Ocean and their characteristic features

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
M.S. SINGH ◽  
B. Lakshmanaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Characteristic Features

Evolution and characteristic features of double trough systems in the tropical Indian Ocean have been studied with the help of Climatological Atlas (Part I andIl) ~f the Tropical Indian Oc.ean (Hastenrath and Lamb 1979). It is confirmed that there are two troughs (Northern Hemisphere EquatorIal Trough and Southern Hemisphere Equatorial Trough) in this region (including south Asian landmass) all the year round, one in northern hemisphere and the other in southern. Both are migratory in nature and, perhaps, thermal in origin.  In the convergent zones of the two troughs, there is extensive cloudiness. The migration of these trough systems during their respective summer seasons appear to be related to the extensive heating of the south Asian/ African land masses surrounding the Indian Ocean in north and west.  

Chinese and Filipino Seafarers: A Race to the Top or the Bottom?

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
MINGHUA ZHAO ◽  
MARAGTAS S.V. AMANTE
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Race To The Top ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Ship Owner ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Subject

All countries with significant coastlines and groups of islands inevitably produce seafarers at some time or other in the course of their economic development, and the two countries which are the subject of this paper are no exceptions. Chinese ships and seafarers were famously exploring the Indian Ocean more than a century before the arrival of the Portuguese and once the Spanish Pacific empire was established in the sixteenth century, the ships linking Mexico to Manila were mainly crewed by Filipinos. And it need hardly be said that Chinese and Filipinos have both been employed by foreign ship-owners throughout the twentieth century. What is unquestionably new is the magnitude of Filipino seafarers' employment in the world's merchant ships and the extraordinary growth of China as a nation with a major stake in the shipping industry, both as ship-owner and as a source of seafarers.

Philosophies of Life

2019 ◽  
pp. 275-298
Author(s):  
Gavin Flood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Romantic Poetry ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

On the one hand, we have the development of science from the seventeenth to nineteenth century, while on the other, we have a focus on life in philosophy at the dawn of the nineteenth century. Here, life is understood in terms of nature as a dynamic process linked to impulse or drive. Partly stemming from a mystical discourse in the seventeenth century, the concern for life comes to be disseminated through the history of both Romantic poetry and Romantic philosophy. This vitalist spirit can be traced through to the twentieth century. Life itself comes to be articulated through a mystical theological discourse that ends in Romantic poetry and through a philosophical discourse that ends in phenomenology.

The Irish courts of law, 1801–1914

1957 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 363-391
Author(s):  
R.B. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
James I ◽  
Charles I ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Court Of Chancery

At the beginning of the nineteenth century there were six superior courts in Ireland—chancery, the three common law courts (king’s bench, common pleas and exchequer), the admiralty court and the prerogative court (an ecclesiastical court with jurisdiction over testamentary matters).Four of these courts were of medieval origin. The exchequer was probably in existence before the close of the twelfth century, the Irish chancery was founded early in the thirteenth century, the first Irish chancellor being appointed in 1244, and the antecedents of the courts of king’s bench and common pleas are to be found in the thirteenth century. The other two courts were comparatively modern. The court of prerogative and faculties based its rights to exercise jurisdiction on two sixteenth century acts and two seventeenth century patents, one of James I and one of Charles I. And though admiralty jurisdiction had been exercised in Ireland from medieval times, the Irish court of admiralty had been created by statute in 1784. From the court of chancery and the three common law courts there was an appeal to the court of error (known as the court of exchequer chamber) composed of the judges of the three common law courts, and in 1857 it was enacted that the court of exchequer chamber when hearing an appeal should consist of the judges of the two courts from which the appeal did not arise. From the admiralty court and from the prerogative court there was an appeal to delegates in chancery.

Commodification and Slavery in the Nineteenth-Century Indonesian Archipelago

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Ulbe Bosma
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
The World ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Slave Population

Abstract Slavery did not simply die slowly in the nineteenth century; in some parts of the world, it expanded. Engaging with the literature on slavery in the Indian Ocean in the nineteenth century, this article explains how a rising demand for forest and sea products, pepper and rice, together with a proliferation of firearms, kindled slave raiding and trading in the Indonesian archipelago. Enslavement happened both through capture and debt traps. This article offers an estimate of the number of annually enslaved in the Indonesian archipelago during the mid-nineteenth century and relates this to a conjectured total slave population of this particular region. The commercialization of slavery must have fundamentally changed the character of customary institutions of bondage. The article cites contemporary sources about the conditions of the captives and concludes with an explanation of how commercial slavery in this part of the world could continue into early years of the twentieth century.

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