Iron compounds in the heart-body of the terebellid polychaete Neoamphitrite figulus

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Phillips Dales
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Iron Protein ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Haem Iron ◽  
By Products

The heart-body contains haematins derived from by-products of haem synthesis. It also contains a non-haem iron protein and a flavin. Study of the relative amounts of these substances in worms of different ages and at different seasons suggests that the flavin plays some part in the metabolic activity of the organ and that the haematins accumulate throughout life. No evidence was found for the heart-body participating in any excretory activity or in haemoglobin breakdown.

scholarly journals CMO1 encodes a putative choline monooxygenase and is required for the utilization of choline as the sole nitrogen source in the yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis (syn. Pichia stipitis)

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Linder
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Scheffersomyces Stipitis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Iron Protein ◽  
Choline Monooxygenase ◽  
Haem Iron ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

Sixteen yeasts with sequenced genomes belonging to the ascomycete subphyla Saccharomycotina and Taphrinomycotina were assayed for their ability to utilize a variety of primary, secondary, tertiary and quartenary aliphatic amines as nitrogen sources. The results support a previously proposed pathway of quaternary amine catabolism whereby glycine betaine is first converted into choline, which is then cleaved to release trimethylamine, followed by stepwise demethylation of trimethylamine to release free ammonia. There were only a few instances of utilization of N-methylated glycine species (sarcosine and N,N-dimethylglycine), which suggests that this pathway is not intact in any of the species tested. The ability to utilize choline as a sole nitrogen source correlated strongly with the presence of a putative Rieske non-haem iron protein homologous to bacterial ring-hydroxylating oxygenases and plant choline monooxygenases. Deletion of the gene encoding the Rieske non-haem iron protein in the yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis abolished its ability to utilize choline as the sole nitrogen source, but did not affect its ability to use methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine or glycine as nitrogen sources. The gene was named CMO1 for putative choline monooxygenase 1. A bioinformatic survey of eukaryotic genomes showed that CMO1 homologues are found throughout the eukaryotic domain.

Development of metabolic activity patterns in the somatosensory cortex of cats

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2117-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Juliano ◽  
R. A. Code ◽  
M. Tommerdahl ◽  
D. E. Eslin
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Small Spot ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
The Individual

1. The development of cortical responses to somatic stimulation was studied in kittens 2-5 wk of age using the 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) technique. During the 2DG experiment each kitten received an innocuous intermittent vertical displacement stimulus to the forepaw. 2. The pattern of metabolic activity was substantially different in young animals compared with adults. In the individual autoradiographs of the 2-wk-old kittens stimulus-evoked 2DG uptake in primary somatosensory cortex was localized to a small spot in the upper portion of the cortex, whereas in the adult the label extended vertically through the cortical layers and appeared more column-like. Individual patches of label were substantially smaller and less dense in young animals. Over a period of several weeks the evoked activity evolved to the more extensive adult pattern. The 2DG uptake displayed a mature distribution by approximately 4-5 wk of age. During this period, the cortical architecture also evolved from an immature to a mature arrangement. 3. The evoked activity was reconstructed into two-dimensional maps; the distribution of label > or = 1.5 SD above background was considered to be stimulus related. In the adult, the pattern appeared as a strip or strips of increased metabolic activity that extended in the rostrocaudal direction for approximately 1 mm. In contrast, the activity pattern in animals 2-4 wk old was less discretely organized into "strips" and was more diffusely spread over several mms of somatosensory cortex. The two-dimensional pattern gradually coalesced into a more localized strip by approximately 4-5 wk of age. Although the pattern of label was more widespread in the young animals, the absolute distance of the spread of activity did not vary substantially, regardless of the age of the animal. 4. Other measurements regarding the distribution of activity at different ages indicate that the amount of cortex activated increases in absolute terms, although the percent of cortex activated by the stimulus decreases. The overall intensity of the 2DG uptake as measured on the two-dimensional maps increases with age, as does the variability of the 2DG uptake; a wider range of intensity values is seen in the adult. Plots created from the individual two-dimensional reconstructions allowed a measure of "patch strength" at different ages. These histograms relate the most intense region of uptake in a given map to the spatial distribution of activity spreading in the medial and lateral directions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Use of Propionibacterium freudenreichii T82 Strain for Effective Biosynthesis of Propionic Acid and Trehalose in a Medium with Apple Pomace Extract and Potato Wastewater

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3965
Author(s):  
Kamil Piwowarek ◽  
Edyta Lipińska ◽  
Elżbieta Hać-Szymańczuk ◽  
Anna Maria Kot ◽  
Marek Kieliszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
By Products ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

Propionic acid bacteria are the source of many metabolites, e.g., propionic acid and trehalose. Compared to microbiological synthesis, the production of these metabolites by petrochemical means or enzymatic conversion is more profitable. The components of microbiological media account for a large part of the costs associated with propionic fermentation, due to the high nutritional requirements of Propionibacterium. This problem can be overcome by formulating a medium based on the by-products of technological processes, which can act as nutritional sources and at the same time replace expensive laboratory preparations (e.g., peptone and yeast extract). The metabolic activity of P. freudenreichii was investigated in two different breeding environments: in a medium containing peptone, yeast extract, and biotin, and in a waste-based medium consisting of only apple pomace and potato wastewater. The highest production of propionic acid amounting to 14.54 g/L was obtained in the medium containing apple pomace and pure laboratory supplements with a yield of 0.44 g/g. Importantly, the acid production parameters in the waste medium reached almost the same level (12.71 g/L, 0.42 g/g) as the medium containing pure supplements. Acetic acid synthesis was more efficient in the waste medium; it was also characterized by a higher level of accumulated trehalose (59.8 mg/g d.s.). Thus, the obtained results show that P. freudenreichii bacteria exhibited relatively high metabolic activity in an environment with apple pomace used as a carbon source and potato wastewater used as a nitrogen source. This method of propioniate production could be cheaper and more sustainable than the chemical manner.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF DOGS OF DIFFERENT AGES TO WORKLOADS IN A MODERATE MONSOON CLIMATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
A. S. Semenov ◽  
◽  
O. S. Poptsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Service Dogs ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Adaptive Ability

The article presents the results of changes in the adaptive ability of dogs of different ages before and after exposure to physical activity in different seasons of the year in the conditions of Sakhalin island (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk). The main clinical and physiological parameters of the body of service dogs of the German shepherd breed were studied. The authors established a certain relationship between the degree of training and the response of the body of service dogs to physical activity in different seasons of the year. The most stressful periods for the life of service animals are summer and spring, and autumn and winter are consid-ered more comfortable. In General, the authors believe that service dogs are quite well adapted to use them in a moderate monsoon climate in the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk region, regardless of age. Regular train-ing conducted with service dogs increases their resistance to physical exertion and endurance, so older dogs have adaptive abilities.

scholarly journals Energetic values of animal by-products for broiler chickens of different ages

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e37110615639
Author(s):  
José Luiz Schneiders ◽  
André Sanches de Avila ◽  
Jomara Broch ◽  
Rafael Frank ◽  
Rodrigo André Schöne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Poultry Fat ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
By Products

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and its respective metabolizable coefficients of animal byproducts for broiler chickens with different ages. Meat and bone meal, poultry by-product meal, tilapia processing residue and poultry fat were evaluated. A total of 760 male broiler chickens were used and evaluated and the phases: pre-starter (1 to 8 d of age); starter (11 to18 d); grower 1 (21 to 28 d); grower 2 (31 to 38 d), and finisher (41 to 48 d). Total excreta collection method was performed in five metabolism assays. The experimental design was completely randomized, and data were submitted to analysis of variance, posteriorly, the four feeds were compared by Tukey test and a regression analysis was performed with broiler chickens age. The significance was considered at 5% probability. The values of AME and AMEn were higher in older birds for all ingredients. The lesser CAME and CAMEn were obtained for meat and bone meal, for the regression analysis poultry by-product meal, tilapia processing residue and poultry fat had an increased linear effect with birds age and there was no adjust for meat and bone meal for regression analysis.

Intraspecific variability of monoterpene composition emitted by Quercus ilex leaves

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Staudt ◽  
N Mandl ◽  
R Joffre ◽  
S Rambal
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Crown Position ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Monoterpene Composition

Intraspecific variation in the composition of monoterpenes emitted from Quercus ilex L. leaves was investigated in southern France by screening the emissions of 146 trees and by examining the effects of season, age, and crown position of leaves on the composition of emissions. All trees emitted the same blend of monoterpenes, mainly α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, and limonene but in distinctly different proportions. Of the surveyed trees, 71% emitted mainly pinenes (60–80%), 21% had higher proportions of limonene (30–80%), and 8% had higher proportions of myrcene (60–90%) in their emissions. For a given tree, the proportions were similar for leaves of different ages and different crown positions, and remained unchanged throughout different seasons.

Hydrogen Transport with Chloroplast

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hill ◽  
Anthony San Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Hydrogen Transport ◽  
Iron Protein ◽  
Biochemical Approach ◽  
Haem Iron

A biochemical approach to the study of photosynthesis in terms of hydrogen transport is described. In particular, the system concerned with reduction of the coenzymes has been found to depend on two proteins: a non haem iron protein closely connected with a photochemical reaction and a flavoprotein which acts as a reductase. The iron protein, previously known as “methaemoglobin reducing factor” and as “photosynthetic pyridine nucleotide reductase”, is recognised as a member of a class of proteins now called ferredoxin.

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