State of the art of the free-living marine Monhysteridae (Nematoda)

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fonseca ◽  
Wilfrida Decraemer
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Taxonomic Problem ◽  
Species Inquirendae

The family Monhysteridae is characterized by 17 valid genera, seven of which are known to be free-living, inhabiting marine sediments. In total, 70 valid marine species are ascribed to these seven genera. Overall, the family is characterized by a confused taxonomic history with a large list of synonyms and species inquirendae. The taxonomic problem is not restricted to the old literature, but inconsistencies also appeared in recent studies. The aim of this study is to show the most important diagnostic characters to identify each genus and provide taxonomic tools for species identification. Dichotomous-keys and illustration-guides are attempted for the marine monhysterid species. For the family and each subfamily, tribe and marine genus a brief historical background, diagnosis and a list of valid species is provided. Hereby, we propose to transfer eight species of the genus Thalassomonhystera to the genus Monhystrella.

The state of the art of Chromadoridae (Nematoda, Chromadorida): a historical review, diagnoses and comments about valid and dubious genera and a list of valid species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4578 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
VIRAG VENEKEY ◽  
PAULA F. GHELLER ◽  
NOELIA KANDRATAVICIUS ◽  
BEATRIZ PEREIRA CUNHA ◽  
ANA CAROLINA VILAS-BOAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Species Inquirenda

Chromadoridae is a widespread family of mostly free-living marine nematodes. This systematic review provides for each genus: a historical background, an updated diagnosis and a list of species. Our review recognizes 37 valid genera, 395 valid species, 57 descriptions without enough morphological information for accurate identification (species inquirenda) and 10 species incerta sedis. We also recognize 21 species as nomena nuda. Additionally, polytomous keys were constructed for the subfamilies and for the genera of the three major subfamilies (Chromadorinae, Euchromadorinae and Hypodontolaiminae) using the most important diagnostic characters. A phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA sequences of species available in the GenBank was also conducted. Phylogenetic trees based on the 18S and 28S rDNA confirmed the classification into three subfamilies (Spilipherinae, Hypodontolaiminae and Chromadorinae), despite the absence of defined synapomorphies. Phylogenetic relationships at lower taxonomic level are problematic given the large number of sequences not identified to species level. 

scholarly journals Two New Marine Free-Living Nematodes from Jeju Island Together with a Review of the Genus Gammanema Cobb 1920 (Nematoda, Chromadorida, Selachinematidae)

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Tchesunov ◽  
Raehyuk Jeong ◽  
Wonchoel Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Size Number ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sandy Sediments ◽  
Species Inquirendae

In the context of exploration of meiofauna in a sandy intertidal zone of Jeju Island (South Korea), over 70 nematode species are identified, some which have been proven to be new for science. Two new free-living marine nematode species of the family Selachinematidae (Chromadorida, Selachinematidae, Choniolaiminae) are described from the intertidal sandy sediments of Jeju Island (South Korea). Gammanema okhlopkovi sp. n. is closest to Gammanema anthostoma (Okhlopkov, 2002) and differs by having longer cephalic setae (8.5–19 μm in G. okhlopkovi versus 6–7.5 μm in G. anthostoma) and by the presence of precloacal supplementary organs. The genus diagnosis of Gammanema is updated. The genus includes fourteen valid species, while three species are considered species inquirendae due to incomplete diagnoses and illustrations impeding their correct recognition. An annotated list of valid and invalid Gammanema species is provided. A pictorial key for valid Gammanema species is constructed, which consists of two components: (1) simplified images of heads, and (2) a table summarizing most of the significant measured and numeric characters between species. Latronema obscuramphis sp. n. differs from its related species Latronema aberrans (Allgén 1934), Latronema annulatum (Gerlach, 1953), and Latronema spinosum (Andrássy, 1973) by body size, number of supplementary organs, tail shape, length of spicules, and cuticle ornamentation.

Checklist of marine and freshwater halacarid mite genera and species (Halacaridae: Acari) with notes on synonyms, habitats, distribution and descriptions of the taxa

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1998 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILSE BARTSCH
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Inquirendae

At the end of 2007, the family Halacaridae, superfamily Halacaroidea, included 1118 valid species in 63 genera. The genera and the number of species (in parentheses) are: Acanthohalacarus (1), Acanthopalpus (2), Acarochelopodia (8), Acaromantis (11), Acarothrix (5), Actacarus (24), Agaue (42), Agauides (2), Agauopsis (85), Anomalohalacarus (19), Arenihalacarus (1), Arhodeoporus (31), Astacopsiphagus (1), Atelopsalis (7), Australacarus (5), Bathyhalacarus (12), Bradyagaue (17), Camactognathus (3), Caspihalacarus (1), Coloboceras (3), Colobocerasides (2), Copidognathides (3), Copidognathus (359), Corallihalacarus (1), Enterohalacarus (1), Halacarellus (47), Halacaroides (2), Halacaropsis (5), Halacarus (75), Halixodes (3), Hamohalacarus (1), Himejacarus (1), Isobactrus (26), Limnohalacarus (13), Lobohalacarus (6), Lohmannella (36), Metarhombognathus (2), Mictognathus (3), Parasoldanellonyx (3), Parhalixodes (2), Pelacarus (1), Peregrinacarus (2), Phacacarus (1), Porohalacarus (2), Porolohmannella (1), Rhombognathides (6), Rhombognathus (103), Ropohalacarus (1), Scaptognathides (11), Scaptognathus (30), Simognathus (45), Soldanellonyx (9), Spongihalacarus (1), Stygohalacarus (1), Thalassacarus (1), Thalassarachna (14), Thalassophthirius (1), Troglohalacarus (1), Tropihalacarus (2), Werthella (10), Werthelloides (1), Winlundia (2), and Xenohalacarus (1). More than 1000 species live in marine and brackish water and almost 60 species exclusively in fresh or oligohaline to mesohaline brackish water (< S18‰). The checklist presents names used for halacarid genera and species of the world, names recognized as valid, synonyms, nomina nuda, names of species inquirendae and species erroneously attributed to the family Halacaridae. All valid species are supplemented with distributional data, namely, biogeographical provinces, depth zones and habitats, and references of descriptions of genera and species.

scholarly journals Two new free-living nematode species (Trefusiina: Trefusiidae) from the Chatham Rise crest, Southwest Pacific Ocean

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leduc
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Free Living Nematode

Two new species of the family Trefusiidae, viz., Trefusia piperata sp. nov. and Trefusialaimus idrisi sp. nov., are described from the crest of the Chatham Rise, Southwest Pacific Ocean (350 m water depth). The present study provides the first species records for this family in the region. Trefusia and Trefusialaimus comprise twenty and three valid species, respectively. A key to males of Trefusia is provided.

Johnwellsia, a new intertidal genus of Parastenheliidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the Taiwan Strait, China, including a review of the family and key to genera

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5051 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-318
Author(s):  
RONY HUYS ◽  
FANGHONG MU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
Species Inquirendae

A new genus of Parastenheliidae, Johnwellsia gen. nov., is proposed for its type and only species, J. bipartita sp. nov., collected from Dadeji Beach in Xiamen, Taiwan Strait, China. The intricate taxonomic history of the family is reviewed with special emphasis on its type genus Parastenhelia Thompson & Scott, 1903. It is concluded that P. hornelli Thompson & Scott, 1903 is the type of the genus and that the widely adopted previous designation of Harpacticus spinosus Fischer, 1860 as type species of Parastenhelia is invalid. The taxonomic concept of Parastenhelia is restricted to the hornelli­-group which includes four valid species: P. hornelli, P. similis Thompson & Scott, 1903, P. oligochaeta Wells & Rao, 1987, and P. willemvervoorti sp. nov.                 The currently accepted concept of Parastenhelia spinosa as a highly variable cosmopolitan species is rejected. The genus Microthalestris Sars, 1905 (type: Thalestris forficula Claus, 1863) is resurrected to accommodate most Parastenhelia species that were previously placed in the spinosa-group. Two species, Thalestris forficuloides Scott & Scott, 1894 and Parastenhelia antarctica Scott, 1912, are reinstated as valid members of the genus which further includes Parastenhelia gracilis Brady, 1910, Microthalestris littoralis Sars, 1911, P. costata Pallares, 1982, P. minuta Pallares, 1982, P. bulbosa Gee, 2006 and five new species: M. campbelliensis sp. nov.; M. polaris sp. nov.; M. santacruzensis sp. nov.; M. sarsi sp. nov. and M. variabilis sp. nov. Both the type species, Thalestris forficula, and Harpacticus spinosus are considered species inquirendae in Microthalestris. Three new genera are proposed to accommodate the remaining Parastenhelia species. Porirualia gen. nov. contains P. megarostrum Wells, Hicks & Coull, 1982 (type) and P. pyriformis Song, Kim & Chang, 2003, and is the sistergroup of Johnwellsia gen. nov. Parastenhelia aydini Kuru & Karaytuğ, 2015 is placed in the monotypic genus Karaytugia gen. nov. while all species with penicillate elements on the antenna and P1 are transferred to Penicillicaris gen. nov., including Thalestris pectinimana Car, 1884, which is removed from the synonyms of the Parastenhelia spinosa (Fischer, 1860) “complex”, and three new species: P. maldivensis sp. nov., P. penicillata sp. nov., and P. sewelli sp. nov.                 The genus Karllangia Noodt, 1964 (type: K. arenicola Noodt, 1964) is relegated to a junior subjective synonym of Thalestrella Monard, 1935a (type: T. ornatissima Monard, 1935a). New or updated diagnoses for each genus, and differential diagnoses for species where appropriate, are provided. A key to the ten currently recognized genera in the Parastenheliidae is presented as well as keys to species for Parastenhelia, Microthalestris, Thalestrella and Penicillicaris gen. nov.  

One new genus and two new free-living nematode species (Desmodorida, Desmodoridae) from the continental margin of New Zealand, Southwest Pacific Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3609 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL LEDUC ◽  
DOMINICK VERSCHELDE
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Free Living Nematode ◽  
First Time

One new genus and two new species of the family Desmodoridae are described from the upper continental slope of New Zealand, at 350–1240 m water depths. Onepunema gen. n. is characterised by a striated head capsule, small buccal cavity without teeth, and presence of two testes. Onepunema gen. n. can be differentiated from all other genera of the family by the presence of two testes, which is an exception to the holapomorphic character (i.e. monorchic males) of the Desmodoroidea. Onepunema enigmaticum gen. et sp. n. shares characters typical of the subfamilies Spiriniinae (small buccal cavity without distinct teeth) and Desmodorinae (presence of head capsule). Onepunema gen. n. is placed within the Desmodorinae based on the latter trait, which is never found within the Spiriniinae. The type species, Onepunema enigmaticum gen. et sp. n., is characterised by the presence of two laterodorsal and two lateroventral rows of pores with conspicuous ducts, slender pharynx with rounded terminal bulb, presence of two types of cells in intestinal epithelium, and presence of four or five pre-cloacal supplements consisting of thickened areas of cuticle in males. The genus Pseudonchus is recorded for the first time from the deep sea (1240 m water depth) and from the New Zealand region. Pseudonchus virginiae sp. n. is characterised by its stout body, short cephalic setae, monospiral amphideal fovea, short arcuate spicules with capitulum, five regularly-spaced precloacal setae, and short conical tail. A key to all known valid species of the genus Pseudonchus is provided.

Benthic species of Dorylaimus Dujardin 1845 (Nematoda: Dorylaimidae) and Arctidorylaimus n.gen. (Arctidorylaimidae n.fam.) from the Mackenzie and Porcupine river systems, Northwest Territories, Canada

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Mulvey ◽  
R. V. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New Record ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Benthic Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Differential Characters ◽  
Species Inquirendae

Arctidorylaimidae n.fam. and Arctidorylaimus n.gen. are proposed to accommodate A. arcticus n.sp., a dorylaimid with longitudinal body ridges from aquatic habitats. A diagnosis of the family and genus, key to closely related genera, and description and illustrations of the new species are provided. The main differential characters of these new taxa are the offset head, short, conoid tails in both sexes, and the spaced, mammillate supplements of the male. Dorylaimus lineatus, a new record for Canada, and Dorylaimus stagnalis are described from Canadian populations and their diagnostic characters compared and illustrated. The genus Dorylaimus is reviewed and a key, supplemented with tabulated characters and references, is provided for all valid species. Dorylaimus amplexor and Dorylaimus sulcatus are placed in species inquirendae.

scholarly journals Three new species of free-living nematodes from the South-East Atlantic Abyss (DIVA I Expedition)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1866 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXEI V. TCHESUNOV
Keyword(s):  
Tail Length ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Relative Width ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Free Living ◽  
As Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Amphidial Fovea ◽  
Species Inquirendae

Three new nematode species were found in the Angola Basin (south-east Atlantic Ocean) at depths of about 5500 m. Paracyatholaimus diva sp. nov. (Cyatholaimidae) is characterised by outer labial and cephalic setae of about 3–5 μm, multispiral amphidial fovea with six turns in males and four turns in females situated at the level of the dorsal tooth, buccal cavity armoured with only one prominent dorsal tooth, tail consisting of anterior conical and posterior slender cylindrical half portions, and six preanal midventral setose supplementary organs. Paracyatholaimus diva sp. nov. is most similar to Paracyatholaimus rotundus Gerlach, 1964 but differs by slightly longer body (936–1176 μm versus 705 μm), tail shape (with clearly narrowed posterior half versus conical), six versus four supplementary organs of different shape. The genus Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky, 1923 is briefly reviewed. The genus now includes twenty-four valid species. Five species are considered as species inquirendae, mainly because of inadequate type material lacking adult stages and/or incomplete descriptions. A pictorial guide for identification of the valid species of Paracyatholaimus is provided. Pomponema proximamphidum sp. nov. shares subapical position of the amphidial fovea and distinct lateral differentiation of the somatic cuticle with five Pomponema species: P. concinnum Wieser, 1954, P. corniculata Gourbault, 1980, P. mirabile Cobb, 1917, P. multipapillatum Filipjev, 1922 and P. stomachor Wieser, 1954 but differs from them by tail length, longer posterior cylindrical portion of the tail, relative width of the amphidial fovea, position of the ventral pore and lesser number of supplementary organs. Desmodora striatocephala sp. nov. is well characterized by a combination of very large amphidial fovea occupying nearly the entire lateral surface of the cephalic capsule and thickened midventral preanal cuticle with a few supplementary papillae inserted therein in males. D. striatocephala sp. nov. differs from related species D. cuddlesae Inglis, 1963 and to some lesser degree with D. inflexa Wieser, 1954 with shorter body, relative tail length, bigger size of the amphidial fovea and lesser number of supplementary papillae.

Four new species of free-living marine nematodes of the family Comesomatidae (Nematoda: Araeolaimida) from coast of Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3608 (7) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR G. GAGARIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Marine Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Coast Of Vietnam ◽  
Amphidial Fovea

Specimens of four new nematode species of the family Comesomatidae were isolated from the sediments of littoral zone of South China Sea at the coast of Vietnam and described and illustrated. Sabatieria curvispiculata sp. n. is characterized by the long and slender tail, short cephalic setae and strongly curved spicules in males. Setosabatiera orientalis sp. n. is close to S. australis Riera, Nunez, Brito, 2006, but differs from it in the comparatively shorter and more slender tail, small-er number of amphidial fovea turns, greater number of precloacal supplements in males and shape and structure of spic-ules. Dorylaimopsis intermedia sp. n. is morphologically closest to D. mediterranea Grimaldi-de Zio, 1968 and D. magellanense Chen, Vincx, 1968, but differs from both species in the longer outer labial setae and absence of precloacal supplements in males. D. brevispiculata sp. n. is similar to D. turneri Zhang, 1992 and D. coomansi Muthumbi, Soetaert, Vincx, 1977, but differs from both species in the shape of outer labial sensillae and absence of precloacal supplements in males. A pictorial key for determination of valid species in the genus Setosabatieria Rouville, 1903 is given.

Correcting a 135-year error: Limulidae Leach, 1819 (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) is the proper authority, not Limulidae Zittel, 1885

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Philip M. Novack-Gottshall ◽  
Roy E. Plotnick
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Genus

The horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a famous species, renowned as a ‘living fossil’ (Owen, 1873; Barthel, 1974; Kin and Błażejowski, 2014) for its apparently little-changed morphology for many millions of years. The genus Limulus Müller, 1785 was used by Leach (1819, p. 536) as the basis of a new family Limulidae and synonymized it with Polyphemus Lamarck, 1801 (Lamarck's proposed but later unaccepted replacement for Limulus, as discussed by Van der Hoeven, 1838, p. 8) and Xyphotheca Gronovius, 1764 (later changed to Xiphosura Gronovius, 1764, another junior synonym of Limulus). He also included the valid modern genus Tachypleus Leach, 1819 in the family. The primary authority of Leach (1819) is widely recognized in the neontological literature (e.g., Dunlop et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2017). It is also the authority recognized in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2021).

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