Diet of longnose stingray Hypanus guttatus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in tropical coastal waters of Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 1869-1877
Author(s):  
Michel Donato Gianeti ◽  
Leandro Yokota ◽  
Rosangela Paula Teixeira Lessa ◽  
June Ferraz Dias
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dietary Shift ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Opportunistic Predator ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Stomach Contents Analysis

AbstractThis study investigated the diet of longnose stingray Hypanus guttatus in the tropical waters of north-eastern Brazil. Samples were obtained from monthly sampling of artisanal fisheries from August 2007 to July 2008. A total of 258 specimens were examined, 127 females and 131 males, and stomach contents analysis suggested H. guttatus to be a generalist and opportunistic predator feeding on the most available prey in the environment. There was no significant difference in the diet composition of males and females, or between seasons. However, an ontogenetic dietary shift was observed with larger individuals having an increased proportion of molluscs in the diet, whilst smaller individuals predated primarily on small crustaceans.

scholarly journals FEEDING HABITS AND HELMINTH PARASITES OF SARDINE (S. PILCHARDUS) AND ANCHOVY (E. ENCRASICOLUS) IN THE ADRIATIC SEA

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. ZORICA ◽  
V. ČIKES KEČ ◽  
O. VIDJAK ◽  
I. MLADINEO ◽  
D. EZGETA BALIČ
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Hysterothylacium Aduncum

We examined the stomach contents of two of the most economically and ecologically important small pelagic fish species, the sardine, Sardina pilchardus and the anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, obtained monthly from commercial purse-seine catches operating on Croatian fishing grounds during a one-year period (January–December, 2011). Both species generally showed a similar diet, with copepod and decapod larvae as dominant prey groups. The composition of anchovy and sardine stomach contents was not size- or sex-related, but throughout the year, a significant difference in diet composition was observed for each species as well as between species. Two gastrointerstinal helminths; the digenean Parahemiurus merus and nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum, were recorded during the stomach content analysis. Differences in population dynamics between the two parasites are congruent with differences in the prey composition of sardine and anchovy, reflecting fine-tuned interactions in the trophic web between parasites and intermediate or paratenic hosts included in the sardine and anchovy diet.

Feeding behaviour of greater amberjackSeriola dumerili(Risso, 1810) from Central Mediterranean (Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Sley ◽  
Aymen Hadj Taieb ◽  
Othman Jarboui ◽  
Mohamed Ghorbel ◽  
Abderrahmen Bouain
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Gulf Of Gabes ◽  
Seriola Dumerili ◽  
Gulf Of Gabès ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Opportunistic Predator ◽  
Greater Amberjack

The diet of greater amberjackSeriola dumerili(Carangidae) in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia, Mediterranean) was described from analysis of stomach contents of 290 specimens fished between June 2004 and May 2006. The index of vacuity (%VI) was relatively low (37.9%) and differed significantly across size classes.Seriola dumeriliis an opportunistic predator that consumes mostly pelagic organisms; benthic prey were also examined in small proportion. The diet was quantified using the frequency of occurrence (%O), numerical abundance (%N), weight (%W) and the index of relative importance (IRI and %IRI) for each prey taxa. The most important prey were teleosts (%IRI = 99.61); molluscs and crustaceans were found occasionally (%IRI, 0.38 and 0.01%, respectively). Among teleosts, Clupeidae were also the dominant food items in number (%N = 36.06%) and then in frequency of occurrence (%O = 36.7%). In term of weight, Sparidae were the most abundant prey (%W = 36.5%). There is no significant difference between male and female diets. Seasonal differences in the diet components were observed.

scholarly journals Diversity of ants and mites in the diet of the Brazilian frog Chiasmocleis leucosticta (Anura: Microhylidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana S. Lopes ◽  
Ricardo S. Bovendorp ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes ◽  
Alexandre Reis Percequillo ◽  
Jaime Bertoluci
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Prey Category ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract We describe here the diet of the microhylid frog Chiasmocleis leucosticta based on the stomach contents of 72 individuals (47 males and 25 females) collected in pitfall traps at the Reserva Florestal de Morro Grande, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. We identified 1,981 food items distributed in 13 prey categories of arthropods, mainly ants, mites and collembolans. Formicidae was the most abundant and frequent prey category, including 16 genera from seven subfamilies, and data on ant availability in the habitat suggest that C. leucosticta selects ants actively. The second main prey category was Acari, predominantly represented by mites of the suborder Oribatida. This is the first work identifying mites to the family level in the diet of a Microhylidae. There was no statistical difference between males and females regarding diet composition.

scholarly journals Feeding habits of the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) in south-eastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Laura Busin Campos ◽  
Xênia Moreira Lopes ◽  
Ednilson da Silva ◽  
Marcos César de Oliveira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽  
Franciscana Dolphin

AbstractThis study evaluated the feeding habits of the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) in south-eastern Brazil. Stomach contents were collected from a total of 145 dead specimens found incidentally caught by fishing vessels or stranded between 2005 and 2015. Fish otoliths, cephalopod beaks and whole non-digested prey were used for prey species identification. A total of 9337 prey items were identified, including 26 species of teleost fishes and three species of cephalopods. The most important prey families were Sciaenidae among fish and Loliginidae among cephalopods. Franciscana dolphins tended to feed on small fish (mean = 5.25 cm) and cephalopods (mean = 8.57 cm). The index of relative importance (IRI) showed that Pellona harroweri and Doryteuthis plei were the most important prey for both males and females. The PERMANOVA test confirmed that there is no significant difference between the feeding habits of different sexes, but detected a significant difference among seasons. Overall, our results show that franciscana dolphins are predominantly ichthyophagous and non-selective in relation to the type of prey, feeding on pelagic, demersal and pelagic-demersal prey.

Diet of the Murray Turtle, Emydura-Macquarii (Gray) (Testudines, Chelidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
BC Chessman
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
New South ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Dietary Shift ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Males And Females

Examination of the stomach contents of 122 E. macquarii from the Murray River, Lake Boga and other waters in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales showed that this species is an opportunistic omnivore. In order of decreasing importance the main food types were filamentous algae, vertebrate (mainly fish) carrion, detritus, periphyton (including sponges), mobile aquatic invertebrates, aquatic macrophytes and terrestrial invertebrates. There was a degree of dietary shift with turtle size, small specimens containing more detritus and periphyton and less filamentous algae, macrophytes and carrion than bigger ones. The diets of mature males and females did not differ appreciably. Diel changes in stomach content volumes indicated that E. macquarii feeds mainly during the daytime.

Feeding habits of Urotrygon microphthalmum (Myliobatiformes: Urotrygonidae) caught off northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jones Santander-Neto ◽  
Dante J. V. Freitas ◽  
Hugo Bornatowski ◽  
Rosângela Lessa
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Ontogenetic Diet Shift ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Stomach Contents Analysis

Abstract The feeding habits of Urotrygon microphthalmum, a Critically Endangered (CR) species, were investigated through stomach contents analysis from specimens caught on bottom double rigged otter trawls in Pernambuco state, Brazil, between March of 2010 and March of 2012. A total of 338 stomachs were analyzed, and 31 food items were identified in the diet of U. microphthalmum. The species ingests mainly shrimps. The diets between males and females were not different, and an ontogenetic diet shift was not observed. The estimated species’ trophic level is 3.5, classifying it as a secondary order consumer.

Stereotypical behaviour in captive West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Garcia Anzolin ◽  
Paulo S.M. de Carvalho ◽  
Pitágoras C. Viana ◽  
Iran C. Normande ◽  
Antonio da Silva Souto
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
West Indian Manatee ◽  
Aquatic Mammals

There is great difficulty in maintaining aquatic mammals in captivity, since the attempt to replicate the environment they live in poses an enormous challenge. Poor captivity facilities without environmental enrichment can lead to different consequences for animal health, including the appearance of stereotypical movements. The aim of this study was to identify these behaviours in three groups of animals, one group of manatees inhabiting a reintroduction oceanarium in Pernambuco (PE) state, and two other groups confined in corrals constructed in natural areas (estuaries), one located in Paraiba state and the other in Alagoas state, all in north-eastern Brazil. Observations were conducted using the focal animal sampling method. It was found that the animals inhabiting the reintroduction oceanarium with no environmental enrichment showed stereotypical behaviour such as ‘Back-and-forth’ movements, ‘Hitting head against the limiting structure’ and ‘Hitting the muzzle’, while animals constrained within estuaries did not. The ‘circle swimming’ behaviour was present in a higher percentage of the animals captive in the reintroduction oceanarium, although no significant difference between the sites was found. The number and frequency of occurrence of stereotypical behaviours was significantly higher in animals kept in the reintroduction oceanarium in PE than in those of other locations. Based on these results we recommend the use of appropriate environmental enrichment and the reduction of time manatees stay confined in the reintroduction oceanarium.

scholarly journals Diet of Teius oculatus (Sauria, Teiidae) in southern Brazil (Dom Feliciano, Rio Grande do Sul)

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lize Helena Cappellari ◽  
Thales de Lema ◽  
Paulo Prates Jr. ◽  
Carlos Frederico Duarte da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females

We analyzed stomach contents of 58 specimens of Teius oculatus (D'Orbigny & Bibron, 1837) (20 adult males, 17 adult females and 21 juveniles) captured in Dom Feliciano, RS, Brazil, to evaluate diet composition and sexual and ontogenetic variations in prey consumption. Diet was composed of 15 prey categories, all arthropods. Orthoptera was the most frequent prey type. Quantitatively, termites were the most important prey item (59.5%). There were no significant differences between the diets of adult males and females. Ontogenetic differences were found, mainly concerning volume of prey consumed. Adult lizards ingested significantly larger prey than juveniles (U = 170.00; p < 0.001). Juveniles, although having a comparatively less diverse diet (10 prey types) consumed a larger number of items (45.7% of total). Diet similarity was higher between juveniles and adult males (Ojk = 0.97) and prey diversity was higher in the diet of adult females (H' = 2.65). Based on importance value index the most important item in the diet of T. oculatus was Orthoptera. We conclude that T. oculatus in Dom Feliciano has a relatively generalized diet and it is an opportunist lizard, feeding on arthropods, mainly insects.

scholarly journals Spatial variation in growth of the green tiger prawn (Penaeus semisulcatus) along the coastal waters of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Qatar

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ye ◽  
J.M. Bishop ◽  
N. Fetta ◽  
E. Abdulqader ◽  
J. Al-Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Cooperative Approach ◽  
Penaeus Semisulcatus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) length-frequency data collected from the coastal waters of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Qatar during a 23-month study from 1999 to 2001 were analyzed to estimate parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equation. All growth curves show a strong seasonal oscillation and a difference in size between males and females. The estimates of l∞ exhibit a southward decreasing trend with increasing temperature and salinity. A single variable of annual mean temperature explains 94 and 81% of the variations in l∞ for males and females, respectively. Likelihood ratio tests compared growth parameters among survey areas. A significant difference in growth was found between Kuwait and Kufji, and between Manifa and Dareen. Based on these results, we conclude that three separate populations of P. semisulcatus are present in the western Arabian Gulf: one in Kuwait, one in Kufji and Manifa, Saudi Arabia, and a third occupying Dareen, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Qatar waters. Countries sharing unit stocks should implement a cooperative approach to the management of each.

scholarly journals Characteristics of violence against women in Campina Grande, north-eastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Marques Nobrega ◽  
Gigliana Maria Sobral Cavalcante ◽  
Italo de Macedo Bernardino ◽  
Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia ◽  
Efigênia Ferreira Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Victims Of Violence

Background: Violence against women can have serious consequences, where these victims are affected physically, psychologically, and socially. The aim of this study was to shed light on the sociodemographic characteristics and the characteristics of the conflict suffered by the female victims of violence, who were referred to a forensic medicine and dentistry service in an industrialized city in North-eastern Brazil. Methods: This study was performed in Campina Grande, Paraiba State (PB), Brazil, involving the analysis of 1704 reports of physical aggression in 2010; 883 reports involving female victims were selected. Sociodemographic data of the victims, circumstances of events, and characteristics of injuries were investigated. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, and chi-square test (p <0.05). Results: The sample consisted of young women, with mean age of 29.3 years, mostly unmarried, with little education, and mostly not working. The most frequent aggressor was a male known to the victim. The events were mostly a result of non-instrumental aggression, causing multiple injuries. There was statistically significant difference between whether the aggressor was or was not a family member and marital status of the victim (p<.001), and a significant difference between the use of instrument in the conflict and the presence of facial injuries was found (p<.001). Young women accounted for a high proportion of victims of physical violence. A high percentage of facial traumas was observed. Conclusion: Given the consequences of such trauma and its prevalence, it is important that future studies be conducted to highlight the risk factors, and to develop policies to combat violence against women.

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