Stereotypical behaviour in captive West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Garcia Anzolin ◽  
Paulo S.M. de Carvalho ◽  
Pitágoras C. Viana ◽  
Iran C. Normande ◽  
Antonio da Silva Souto
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
West Indian Manatee ◽  
Aquatic Mammals

There is great difficulty in maintaining aquatic mammals in captivity, since the attempt to replicate the environment they live in poses an enormous challenge. Poor captivity facilities without environmental enrichment can lead to different consequences for animal health, including the appearance of stereotypical movements. The aim of this study was to identify these behaviours in three groups of animals, one group of manatees inhabiting a reintroduction oceanarium in Pernambuco (PE) state, and two other groups confined in corrals constructed in natural areas (estuaries), one located in Paraiba state and the other in Alagoas state, all in north-eastern Brazil. Observations were conducted using the focal animal sampling method. It was found that the animals inhabiting the reintroduction oceanarium with no environmental enrichment showed stereotypical behaviour such as ‘Back-and-forth’ movements, ‘Hitting head against the limiting structure’ and ‘Hitting the muzzle’, while animals constrained within estuaries did not. The ‘circle swimming’ behaviour was present in a higher percentage of the animals captive in the reintroduction oceanarium, although no significant difference between the sites was found. The number and frequency of occurrence of stereotypical behaviours was significantly higher in animals kept in the reintroduction oceanarium in PE than in those of other locations. Based on these results we recommend the use of appropriate environmental enrichment and the reduction of time manatees stay confined in the reintroduction oceanarium.

The role of touch in captive and semi-captive Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Karen Lucchini ◽  
Rebecca Umeed ◽  
Luana Guimarães ◽  
Paulo Santos ◽  
Iara Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Antillean Manatees ◽  
Environmental Exploration

Abstract Tactile signals have been neglected in aquatic animal studies despite being a major communication modality. We investigated Antillean manatees’ tactile behavioural repertoire and budget in captivity (7-females and 4-males) and semi-captivity (4-males) in Brazil. We detected 17 tactile behaviours (14.03% of the activity budget) with social, self-maintenance, or environmental exploration functions. The observation method influenced the detection of self-maintenance behaviours — focal animal and ad libitum detected more of these behaviours than scan sampling. Age, sex, housing, and centre routines influenced the tactile repertoire. The captive females and semi-captive males tactile patterns differed, suggesting that sex and animal-pool density play a role in tactile patterns. We recommend carefully choosing the observation method when investigating functional categories of manatee tactile behaviours. The monitoring and stimulation of manatee tactile behaviours should integrate rehabilitation and reintroduction practices. Environmental enrichment may stimulate tactile behaviours related to habitat exploration, key behaviours in aiding manatee navigation.

Diet of longnose stingray Hypanus guttatus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in tropical coastal waters of Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 1869-1877
Author(s):  
Michel Donato Gianeti ◽  
Leandro Yokota ◽  
Rosangela Paula Teixeira Lessa ◽  
June Ferraz Dias
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dietary Shift ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Opportunistic Predator ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Stomach Contents Analysis

AbstractThis study investigated the diet of longnose stingray Hypanus guttatus in the tropical waters of north-eastern Brazil. Samples were obtained from monthly sampling of artisanal fisheries from August 2007 to July 2008. A total of 258 specimens were examined, 127 females and 131 males, and stomach contents analysis suggested H. guttatus to be a generalist and opportunistic predator feeding on the most available prey in the environment. There was no significant difference in the diet composition of males and females, or between seasons. However, an ontogenetic dietary shift was observed with larger individuals having an increased proportion of molluscs in the diet, whilst smaller individuals predated primarily on small crustaceans.

scholarly journals Characteristics of violence against women in Campina Grande, north-eastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Marques Nobrega ◽  
Gigliana Maria Sobral Cavalcante ◽  
Italo de Macedo Bernardino ◽  
Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia ◽  
Efigênia Ferreira Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Victims Of Violence

Background: Violence against women can have serious consequences, where these victims are affected physically, psychologically, and socially. The aim of this study was to shed light on the sociodemographic characteristics and the characteristics of the conflict suffered by the female victims of violence, who were referred to a forensic medicine and dentistry service in an industrialized city in North-eastern Brazil. Methods: This study was performed in Campina Grande, Paraiba State (PB), Brazil, involving the analysis of 1704 reports of physical aggression in 2010; 883 reports involving female victims were selected. Sociodemographic data of the victims, circumstances of events, and characteristics of injuries were investigated. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, and chi-square test (p <0.05). Results: The sample consisted of young women, with mean age of 29.3 years, mostly unmarried, with little education, and mostly not working. The most frequent aggressor was a male known to the victim. The events were mostly a result of non-instrumental aggression, causing multiple injuries. There was statistically significant difference between whether the aggressor was or was not a family member and marital status of the victim (p<.001), and a significant difference between the use of instrument in the conflict and the presence of facial injuries was found (p<.001). Young women accounted for a high proportion of victims of physical violence. A high percentage of facial traumas was observed. Conclusion: Given the consequences of such trauma and its prevalence, it is important that future studies be conducted to highlight the risk factors, and to develop policies to combat violence against women.

scholarly journals Electrocardiogram assessment in non-anaesthetized clinically healthy agouti (Dasyprocta primnolopha, Wagler 1831)

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaemilia das N. Diniz ◽  
José R. da Silva Júnior ◽  
Porfírio Candanedo Guerra ◽  
Raimundo A. Barreto-Júnior ◽  
Hatawa M. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Heart Electrophysiology ◽  
Myocardial Pathology

The agouti is one of the most intensely hunted species throughout the Amazon and the semiarid regions of north-eastern Brazil. Considering the current tendency of wild animal management in captivity, the objective of this study was to determine heart reference values for agouti raised in captivity, based on electrocardiographic assessments (ECG). Adult agouti were selected without clinical signs of heart disease (n=30). The animals were restrained physically and then the ECG was performed. Standardized measurements were taken to establish the statistical analysis of the data. Analysis of the QRS complex showed values compatible with previous reports in peer animals and the limited data available for other wild and exotic species, except for the T wave that showed similar amplitude to the R wave in all the animals studied. The data obtained provided the first reference values for ECG tracings in agouti, contributing to a better understanding of heart electrophysiology in identifying myocardial pathology in these animals.

A population-based study of inter-generational attitudes towards consanguineous marriages in north-eastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley O. A. Lima ◽  
Allysson A. Farias ◽  
Victor A. Albino ◽  
Yanna K. Marques-Alves ◽  
Ricardo Olinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern

AbstractThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate beliefs, attitudes and reproductive behaviours in relation to consanguinity in a population living in the backlands of north-eastern Brazil. Data were collected by face-to-face interview from 147 high school students aged 13–20 years and from 532 elderly individuals aged 60 years and over from Brejo dos Santos in the state of Paraíba in 2017. The frequency of consanguineous marriage was found to have increased over the generations, being 15.9% in the parents of the elderly participants, 17.1% in the elderly participants themselves and 20.5% in their descendants. Although 258 (50.9%) of the elderly interviewees opposed consanguineous union, 341 (65.3%) would approve of the marriage of their children with relatives. Both the young (n=108 or 78.3%) and elderly (n=398 or 80.4%) interviewees believed that consanguineous marriages were no more durable than non-consanguineous marriages (p=0.578). Additionally, 408 (82.4%) of the elderly individuals and 108 (80.6%) of the students recognized that spouses in consanguineous unions experience conflicts, just like other couples do (p=0.625). In both groups, the majority of the participants did not believe that consanguinity increased the risk of having children with disabilities. The regression of the two continuous variables ‘age’ and ‘positive attitudes score’ showed a significant correlation, suggesting that younger individuals are more susceptible to the influence of cultural factors contributing to consanguinity, such as the opinions of their parents and grandparents. The belief that consanguineous unions are more durable showed a significant difference between elderly individuals in consanguineous and non-consanguineous unions (p=0.001); the former were 2.42 more likely to believe that marriages between relatives contributes to marriage durability.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental enrichment on the rehabilitation of white-eyed parakeet (Psittacara leucophthalmus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e74101724284
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cortellini Ferreira Ramos ◽  
Sérgio Diniz Garcia ◽  
Matheus Janeck Araújo ◽  
Márcia Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
State University ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test For Normality

The use of sensory, physical, cognitive, and alimentary stimuli are varieties of environmental enrichment used to minimize stress caused by the monotonous captive environment. The objective of this study was to verify the impact of environmental enrichment in escape-related behavioral stereotypies. Thirty birds of the species Psittacara leucophthalmus were observed from March to September 2016, received at the Wild Animal Recovery and Screening Center of the São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of the Veterinary Medicine campus Araçatuba. The methodology used for the behavioral observations was the focal animal with observation through filming were made by 18 hours per bird for three consecutive days, while physical, cognitive, food, and sensory enrichment methods were applied, and the assessment was carried out before, during, and after the application of environmental enrichment. The data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and by the Friedman test, which showed no significant difference (p >0.05) before, during, and after environmental enrichment. Despite the statistical analyses, the perception of the bird’s welfare improving was visually clear.

PERFORMANCE OF TORIA (BRASSICA COMPESTRIS SYN. RAPA L.) VARIETY: RAJ VIJAY TORIA-2 IN CENTRAL, EASTERN AND NORTH-EASTERN STATES OF INDIA UNDER RAINFED CONDITION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
VIMLESH KUMAR TIWARI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Finger Printing ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Traits ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Dna Finger Printing ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Weight Trait

Performance of developed genotype RMT 08-2 was evaluated in central, eastern and north-eastern states of India under rain-fed condition for quantitative and qualitative traits. It gave highest seed yield over checks in zone III and V. Morphologically plants were erect, medium spreading in nature and primary branches with dichotomous habit. Plants height ranged from 107124 (cm) which matured in 82-112 days. Mature seeds were round in shape and blackish brown in colour. No significant difference between RVT-2 and checks were observed for test weight trait. An average oil yield 485 (kg/h) was recorded over 7 places which was 10% higher than both checks i.e. 14.12% and 11.24% under AICRP trials. Maximum seed yield was obtained on farmers field during 2013-14 and 2014-15 which was 1500 (kg/h) and 1215 (kg/h) that is 33.42% and 26.30% respectively over farmers own seeds. At Morena center, highest seed yield (1753 kg/h) over Bhawani (1512 kg/h) was 15.94% higher than check whereas RVT-2 gave 2245 (kg/h) against Bhawani (1975 kg/h) which was 13.67% higher. DNA finger printing indicated that primers PUT-19, PUT-96, PUT-149, PUT-169, PUT-181 and PUT-271 are useful in generating unique profile of RVT-2 containing 27 bands for its discrimination from other varieties.

Оrganic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of studying the impact of housing and feeding conditions on broiler chickens of Hubbard RedBro cross, as well as the quality of products obtained when using floor and cage content, in a farm. It established that when receiving a mixed feed of own production using feed raw materials grown on a farm without the use of pesticides, a statistically significant decrease in potentially dangerous substances for animal health is recorded. Compared with factory feed, it has reduced the content of pesticides by 14 times, and mercury and arsenic by 24 times, cadmium by five times, and lead by ten times. The results of the study of economic indicators of growing Hubbard RedBro cross broiler chickens, as well as the chemical composition and quality of carcasses, indicated that there was no significant difference between the floor and cell conditions of keeping. Still, the use of a diet based on eco-feeds contributed to a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of toxic metals in the muscles of the poultry of the experimental groups. As a result, it found that the use of the studied compound feed in the diets of broiler chickens increased the indicators of Biosafety and ensured the production of environmentally safe ("organic") poultry meat products.

Taxonomy of Nystiellidae (Caenogastropoda, Epitonioidea) from Brazil, with description of three new species from the South-western Atlantic

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dias Pimenta ◽  
Bruno Garcia Andrade ◽  
Ricardo Silva Absalão
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern

A taxonomic revision of the Nystiellidae from Brazil, including samples from the Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic, was performed based on shell morphology. Five genera and 17 species were recognized. For the richest genus,Eccliseogyra, the three species previously recorded from Brazil were revised:E. brasiliensisandE. maracatu, previously known only from their respective type series, were re-examined. Newly available material ofE. maracatuexpanded the known geographic range of this species to off south-east Brazil.Eccliseogyra nitidais now recorded from north-eastern to south-eastern Brazil, as well as from the Rio Grande Rise. Three species ofEccliseogyraare newly recorded from the South Atlantic:E. monnioti, previously known from the north-eastern Atlantic, occurs off eastern Brazil and on the Rio Grande Rise; its protoconch is described for the first time, confirming its family allocation.Eccliseogyra pyrrhiasoccurs off eastern Brazil and on the Rio Grande Rise, andE. folinioff eastern Brazil. The genusIphitusis newly recorded from the South Atlantic.Iphitus robertsiwas found off northern Brazil, although the shells show some differences from the type material, with less-pronounced spiral keels. Additional new finds showed thatIphitus cancellatusranges from eastern Brazil to the Rio Grande Rise, and Iphitusnotiossp. nov. is restricted to the Rio Grande Rise.Narrimania, previously recorded from Brazil based on dubious records, is confirmed, including the only two living species described for the genus:N. azelotes, previously only known from the type locality in Florida, andN. concinna, previously known from the Mediterranean. A third species,Narrimania raquelaesp. nov. is described from eastern Brazil, diagnosed by its numerous and thinner cancellate sculpture. To the three species ofOpaliopsispreviously known from Brazil, a fourth species,O. arnaldoisp. nov., is added from eastern Brazil, and diagnosed by its very thin spiral sculpture, absence of a varix, and thinner microscopic parallel axial striae.Papuliscala nordestina, originally described from north-east Brazil, is recorded off eastern Brazil and synonymized withP. elongata, a species previously known only from the North Atlantic.

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