Diet of the European flying squid Todarodes sagittatus (Cephalopoda: ommastrephidae) in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean)

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quetglas ◽  
F. Alemany ◽  
A. Carbonell ◽  
P. Merella ◽  
P. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Weight Index ◽  
Ontogenetic Migration ◽  
Balearic Sea ◽  
Energetic Demand ◽  
Prey Items

Stomach contents of Todarodes sagittatus caught by trawlers working from 100 to 800 m depth in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean) were studied. From the 348 stomachs examined (153 males and 195 females) 33.62% were empty (39.21% in males and 29.74% in females). The diet of the squid was composed of 58 different prey items belonging to four major groups: Osteichthya, Crustacea, Cephalopoda and Chondrichthya. Osteichthyes, crustaceans and cephalopods were the most common prey, with a frequency of occurrence value of 84.85, 48.92 and 29.87% respectively. A change in the diet as the squid grows was observed, since juveniles feed basically on fishes while adults prey more actively on crustaceans. Analysis of the diet by size-classes reflected an ontogenetic migration to deeper waters since, parallel to the increase of size, a raise in the percentage of prey species inhabiting deeper waters was detected. Cannibalism was quite frequent, since T. sagittatus was the second most common cephalopod prey. Females had higher fullness-weight index and lower emptiness index than males, which reflects their major energetic demand for egg production.

scholarly journals Prey consumed by Guiana dolphin Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea, Delphinidae) and franciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea, Pontoporiidae) in an estuarine environment in southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta J. Cremer ◽  
Pedro C. Pinheiro ◽  
Paulo C. Simões-Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽  
Lolliguncula Brevis

The present study provides information about the diet of sympatric populations of small cetaceans in the Babitonga Bay estuary. This is the first study on the diet of these species in direct sympatry. The stomach contents of seven Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis and eight franciscanas Pontoporia blainvillei were analyzed. The prey of both cetaceans was mostly teleost fishes, followed by cephalopods. We identified 13 teleost fishes as part of the diet of the franciscanas, and 20 as part of the diet of Guiana dolphins. Lolliguncula brevis was the only cephalopod recorded, and was the most important prey for both cetaceans. Stellifer rastrifer and Gobionellus oceanicus were also important for franciscana, so as Mugil curema and Micropogonias furnieri were important for Guiana dolphins. Stellifer rastrifer and Cetengraulis edentulus were the fishes with the highest frequency of occurrence for franciscana (50%), while Achirus lineatus, C. edentulus, S. brasiliensis, Cynoscion leiarchus, M. furnieri, M. curema, Diapterus rhombeus, Eugerres brasilianus and G. oceanicus showed 28.6% of frequency of occurrence for Guiana dolphins. Franciscanas captured greater cephalopods than the Guiana dolphins in both total length (z= -3.38; n= 40; p< 0.05) and biomass (z = -2.46; n = 40; p<0.05). All of the prey species identified occur inside the estuary, which represents a safe habitat against predators and food availability, reinforcing the importance of the Babitonga Bay for these cetacean populations.

scholarly journals Catfishes as prey items of Potamotrygonid stingrays in the Solimões and Negro rivers, Brazilian Amazon

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 376-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Shibuya ◽  
Jansen Zuanon
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Negro River ◽  
Prey Items ◽  
Solimões River

In spite of the fact that catfish have rarely been reported as food items in the diets of freshwater stingrays, they are commonly observed in the stomach contents of species inhabiting the Solimões and Negro rivers in the Brazilian Amazon. The stomach contents of six rays from the Solimões River and 64 from the Negro River were analyzed, and catfishes (distributed among the families Callichthyidae, Cetopsidae, Doradidae and Loricariidae) were found in the stomach contents of four and 10 of these rays, respectively, comprising a frequency of occurrence of 20%. These data indicate a relevant participation of catfishes in the diets of potamotrygonid rays in the Amazon, and may reflect the regional diversity and abundance of Siluriformes in the region.

scholarly journals Curculionids in the diet of the white-quilled korhaan: more than just food?

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
O. B. Kok ◽  
S.v.d. M. Louw ◽  
A. C. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Accessory Function ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
Relative Hardness ◽  
Mixed Feeder ◽  
Prey Items

Analyses of 326 white-quilled korhaan (Eupodotis afraoides) stomach contents collected in the Free State and Northern Cape over a period of 20 years (1984-2004) showed this species to be a mixed feeder concentrating mainly on insects. Based on dry mass prey items of the Isoptera and Coleoptera form the bulk of the diet. According to frequency of occurrence coleopterans, more specifically members of the family Curculionidae, are utilised most often. Indications are that the curculionids, owing to their size and relative hardness of the exoskeleton, fulfil an accessory function with regard to the physical breakdown of coarse food items in the muscular stomach.

The association between diet of periurban wild dogs and zoonotic pathogen carriage

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Harriott ◽  
Matthew Gentle ◽  
Rebecca Traub ◽  
Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães ◽  
Rowland Cobbold
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Prey Items

Established wildlife populations in periurban environments provide an opportunity to spread zoonotic pathogens within human-associated environments. Characteristics of prevalent pathogens harboured by periurban wild dogs suggest that dietary preference could influence their infection status; however, data comparing diet composition and pathogen presence are rarely available. We analysed the stomach contents of 170 periurban wild dogs (Canis familiaris) for the occurrence and biomass of prey items, and then associated this with their known infection status of key zoonotic pathogens. The staple prey items detected were mammalian prey species, most commonly swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor) (20.6±6.1%), canines (C. familiaris) (prey) (10.6±4.6%), eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) (10.0±4.5%), and deer (various species) (10.0±4.5%). Unidentified bird species (10.0±4.5%) were also common. Wild dogs that were positive for Echinococcus granulosus were significantly more likely to have consumed swamp wallabies. These findings demonstrate the importance of managing both the definitive and intermediate stages of E. granulosus, and suggest that diet correlates with pathogen presence in some cases. This information may assist the development of specific strategies to manage zoonotic pathogens of wild dogs, which are currently lacking.

scholarly journals Occurrence of plastic particles in procellariiforms, south of São Paulo state (Brazil)

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edison Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Pachyptila Belcheri ◽  
Procellaria Aequinoctialis ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Prey Items

Seabirds ingest plastic particles floating on the surface of the world's oceans. The birds can ingest plastic particles that they mistakenly identify as prey items. Alternatively, plastics can be taken up in the stomach contents of prey species. Plastic is often passed from parents to chicks in regurgitated food. In this study, individual petrels and albatrosses brought in by the tide onto Ilha Comprida beach between January 2000 and December 2002 were collected. Ilha Comprida, a barrier island in southern São Paulo, Brazil, was traversed by car along a transect of 70 kilometers. A total of 110 birds of 10 species were collected and 64.54% had plastic particles in their stomach. Frequencies of occurrence were Macronectes giganteus (64.28%), Thalassarche melanophrys (73.07%), Thalassarche chlororhinchos (44.44%), Puffinus puffinus (85.71%), Puffinus gravis (7.41%), Puffinus griseus (63.63%), Fumarus glacialoides (33.33%), Daption capensis (75%), Pachyptila belcheri (33.33%), Procellaria aequinoctialis (25%). These results demonstrated the extent of contamination with plastic and the possible harmful effects on seabirds.

Dietary composition of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) in the central Free State

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
H. J.B. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Free State ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Prey Items

Analysis of 152 stomach samples of adult cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) collected over a period of five years in the central Free State showed this species to be mainly insectivorous. The Insecta, occuring in almost all stomach samples, are represented by prey items from 13 orders of which the Orthoptera, followed by the Coleoptera, Isoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera, showed the highest frequency of occurrence. Amongst the non-insect invertebrates, the Araneae and Solifugae occured most frequently. Based on dry mass the Orthoptera and Isoptera constitute by far the most important components. Prey items of vertebrates combined represent only ca. 10% of the diet. Overall, the stomach contents of 75 chicks correspond with that of the adults, except that vertebrates make a significant contribution to the diet during the first week of the nesting phase. In general cattle egrets can be considered opportunistic feeders that concentrate on easily obtainable food sources which become sporadically available (partly because of their regular association with mammalian hosts).

Diet and sexual maturation of the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii during autumn and spring in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikaru Watanabe ◽  
Tsunemi Kubodera ◽  
Taro Ichii ◽  
Mitsuo Sakai ◽  
Masatoshi Moku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Region ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Ommastrephes Bartramii ◽  
Neon Flying Squid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Diaphus Theta ◽  
The Kuroshio ◽  
Prey Items

Diet and sexual maturation were examined in the winter–spring cohort of the neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, during its southward migration through the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region of the western North Pacific. The main prey items are micronektonic animals and small pelagic fish, which were abundantly distributed throughout the study area. Among the prey species, O. bartramii was dependent on the Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus, which also migrate from the northern to southern transition region during the winter, and the micronektonic squid Watasenia scintillans throughout the study period. Other common prey items were Gonatopsis borealis, Diaphus theta, and Ceratoscopelus warmingii from October to November or December, and Tarletonbeania taylori after December. These dietary changes can be explained by the difference in the seasonal north–south migration patterns of the predator and prey species. Male sexual maturation progressed throughout the season, and most individuals were fully mature in January. In contrast, most of the females were immature throughout the study period. The feeding strategy of the squid in relation to their seasonal north to south migration and sexual maturation was discussed.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation on diet of juvenile Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766 (Ladyfish) in the Parnaiba River Delta

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Araujo Santos ◽  
Thamires Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Patricia Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Cézar Augusto Freire Fernandes ◽  
Francisca Edna de Andrade Cunha
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Importance Index

Abstract: Aim Identify seasonal variations in the diet of juvenile living in the estuary of the Parnaíba River Delta. Methods Food items were identified through analysis of stomach contents, and later submitted to analysis by regular methods for Frequency of Occurrence (FO), Frequency Numerical (FN), Gravimetric Frequency (FW) and Relative Importance Index (IRI). Results Juvenile diet of Elops saurus that inhabit the lagoons in the Parnaíba delta was composed in order decreasing of importance by Osteichthyes (Teleostei), Insecta and Crustacea in addition to Polychaeta and Nematoda. It was also observed a high frequency of occurrence of fragments of plastics in the diet. In the rainy season, 17 items were recorded in the diet, whereas in the dry season only 7 items were present. Relative Importance Index showed high presence of the Teleostei fish (69.93%) on diet of E. saurus during the rainy season, whereas during the dry period the insects of the families Corixidae (43.25%) and Dysticidae (39.16%). Conclusions With the study it was possible to identify that juvenile are piscivorous in the rainy season when there is a higher availability of prey in the environment and insectivores in the dry season when it reduces the supply of food, indicating feeding flexibility to environmental alterations.

scholarly journals Predatory Behavior of Yellow Baboons

Behaviour ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Hausfater
Keyword(s):  
Prey Item ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Lepus Capensis ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract1. A group of 32 yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in the Masai-Amboseli National Park, Kenya, caught and ate 45 vertebrate prey items during 2519.19 hours of observation. 2. Eighty percent of the prey items were mammals and the most frequently eaten species were African hares (Lepus capensis), vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and neonate gazelle (Cazella granti and G. thomsoni) in that order. The details of predatory behavior for each prey species are described. 3. Rates of predation were significantly higher during the long dry season than during other months of the year, although no correlation was found between total monthly rainfall and monthly rates of predation. A lognormal model however provided a good fit to the monthly rate of predation data suggesting that the rate of predation by Amboseli baboons was affected by several factors that acted multiplicatively with respect to each other and were themselves related to rainfall or dryness. 4. A mean of 2.3 individuals fed directly from the carcass of each prey item. A mean of 3.5 individuals per prey item fed directly or indirectly, i.e., on scraps, from each carcass. In general, both the number of individuals who fed from each carcass and the duration of their feeding bouts was dependent upon the gross body size of the prey item. Adult males fed directly from the carcass of prey items for about three times more minutes than expected from their number in the group; other classes of individuals fed directly from prey carcasses for only one-fourth as many minutes as expected. In general, an adult male would be expected to feed on each category of vertebrate prey at least once per year, while individuals of all other age-sex classes would be expected to feed on most prey categories only once every two years. 5. The most frequent social behavior around prey items was agonistic bouts; no cooperation, simultaneous feeding or specific begging gestures were observed. 6. Estimates of the total number of prey killed annually by Amboseli baboons indicate that baboon predation probably has a negligible effect on prey populations other than vervet monkeys. 7. It is speculated that the need for vitamin B12 underlies baboon predatory behavior, and perhaps that of other primate species as well.

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